UMurasheed - umbhalo waseRussia wegama le-marsupial anteater (noma i-nambat) ukhombisa ngokuphelele umongo walesi silwane esincane sase-Australia, ushwabadela izintuthwane nomuhlwa ezinkulungwaneni.
Incazelo yenambat
Ukubhalwa kokuqala kwe-marsupial anteater (1836) kungokwesazi sezilwane saseNgilandi uGeorge Robert Waterhouse. Umzingeli ungowohlobo lohlobo nomndeni wegama elifanayo iMyrmecobiidae futhi, ngombala wayo wokuqala onemibala, uthathwa njengemarsupial ekhanga kakhulu e-Australia.
Ngisho ne-nambat enkulu kakhulu isisindo esingaphezu nje kwesigamu sekhilogremu nobude bomzimba obungu-20-30 cm (umsila ulingana no-2/3 wobude bomzimba). Abesilisa ngokwesiko bakhulu kunabesifazane.
Ukubukeka
Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu se-nambata ulimi oluncane futhi olude olungu-10 cm olubukeka njengesibungu... Inesimo esiyindilinga futhi iyagoba (ngesikhathi sokuzingela umuhlwa) ezinhlangothini ezahlukene nakuzo zonke izinkomba.
Umzingeli unekhanda eliyisicaba nezindlebe eziyindilinga ezinamathela phezulu kanye nesifonyo esicijile, amehlo amakhulu ayindilinga nomlomo omncane. I-nambat inamazinyo angamashumi amahlanu abuthakathaka, amancane futhi angenakulinganiswa (angadluli ku-52): ama-molars kwesobunxele nangakwesokudla kaningi ahluka ngobubanzi / ubude.
Okunye ukugqama okwenziwe nge-anatomical okwenza ukuthi isilwane sifane nawo wonke amalimi amade (ama-armadillos nama-pangolin) ulwanga oluqinile olunwetshiwe. Izinsikazi zinemibele emi-4, kodwa asikho isikhwama sezinkukhu, esithathelwa indawo insimu yobisi, enezinwele ezisontekile. Izingalo zangaphambili zihlala ezinzwaneni ezinhlanu ezineminwe ebukhali enezinzipho ezicijile, imilenze yangemuva - ezinzwaneni ezine.
Umsila mude, kepha hhayi ngokunethezeka njengowezingwejeje: uvame ukuqondiswa phezulu, kuthi ichopho ligobe kancane emuva. Ibhantshi limbi futhi limahhadlahhadla, linemivimbo engu-6-12 emhlophe / kakhilimu ngemuva nasemathangeni aphezulu. Isisu nezitho kudwetshwe ngamathoni e-ocher noma aphuzi-mhlophe, isifonyo siwela sisuka ohlangothini ngomugqa omnyama ojiyile osuka emakhaleni uye endlebeni (ngeso).
Indlela Yokuphila
I-marsupial anteater ingumuntu ngamunye onendawo yokudla yomuntu siqu engafika kumahektha ayi-150. Isilwane sithanda ukufudumala nokunethezeka, ngakho sigcwalisa umgodi / imbobo yaso ngamahlamvu, amagxolo athambile notshani obomile ukuze balale kahle ebusuku.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukulala kwe-nambat kufana nokugqwayiza okumisiwe - iwela ebusika kakhulu ngokujulile nangokuphelele, okwenza kube lula ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezizingelayo. Kuthiwa abantu bavame ukushisa ama-nambats, abalala ngokhuni olufile, bengazi ukuthi bakhona.
Ebusika, ukufunwa kokudla kuhlala cishe amahora amane, kusukela ekuseni kuze kube semini, kanti ehlobo, ama-nambats anomsebenzi wokuhwalala, obangelwa ukushisa okunamandla kwenhlabathi nokuhamba kwezinambuzane kude nezwe.
Amahora wokuphakelwa ebusika nawo kungenxa yobuthakathaka bezinzipho ze-nambat, engazi ukuthi ivulwa kanjani (ngokungafani ne-echidna, ezinye izindawo zokudlela kanye ne-aardvark) iziduli zomuhlwa. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho umuhlwa ushiya amakhaya abo, uzithola ungaphansi kwegxolo noma emibukisweni engaphansi komhlaba, umuntu odla ihansi ufinyelela kalula kubo ngolimi lwakhe olungathandeki.
Lapho i-nambat iphapheme, iyashesha futhi iyashesha, ikhuphuka kahle ezihlahleni, kodwa uma kwenzeka kuba ingozi ibalekela ukumboza... Lapho ibanjwa, ayilumi noma iklwebhe, izwakalise ukungenami ngokugquma noma ngokushaya ikhwela. Ekuthunjweni, ihlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6, endle, cishe, iphila kancane.
Ama-subspecies eNambat
Njengamanje, ama-subspecies ama-2 we-marsupial anteater ahlukaniswa:
- i-nambat yasentshonalanga - iMyrmecobius fasciatus fasciatus;
- obomvu (empumalanga) nambat - Myrmecobius fasciatus rufus.
Izinhlobonhlobo azifani kangako endaweni yokuhlala, njengombala wejazi: ama-nambats asempumalanga anombala we-monochrome ngaphezulu kunezihlobo zawo zasentshonalanga.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ngaphambi kokufika kwamakholoni aseYurophu, i-marsupial anteater yayihlala eNingizimu naseNtshonalanga ye-Australia, emazweni aphakathi kweNew South Wales / Victoria kanye nogu lolwandle i-Indian Ocean. Enyakatho, uhla lwenabele ezifundeni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNorthern Territory. Abahlali abalethe izinja, amakati nezimpungushe baba nomthelela ekwehlisweni kwesibalo sama-marsupials kanye nohla lwawo.
Namuhla, i-nambat isele eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Western Australia (abantu ababili ePerup naseDryandra) nakubantu abangu-6 abafakwe kabusha, abane babo abeseWestern Australia kanti oyedwa eseNew South Wales naseNingizimu Australia. I-marsupial anteater ihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini omile, kanye namahlathi omtholo kanye ne-eucalyptus.
Ukudla kwe-marsupial anteater
INambata ibizwa ngokuthi yi-marsupial kuphela ekhetha izinambuzane zenhlalo kuphela (umuhlwa futhi, ngezinga elincane, izintuthwane). Amanye ama-invertebrate agcina etafuleni lakhe ngengozi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi umuntu odla ihansi udla umuhlwa ongafika ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-20 ngosuku, okuyisilinganiso esilinganiselwa ku-10% wesisindo sawo uqobo.
Ufuna izinambuzane ngosizo lomqondo obukhali, udabula inhlabathi ngaphezu kwamaphaseji abo noma udabule amagxolo. Umgodi ovelayo unele ngokwanele kwisifonyo esibukhali nolimi olunjengesibungu olungena ezingeni elincanyana kakhulu futhi elixakile. INambat igwinya izisulu zayo iphelele, kwesinye isikhathi iyazihlupha ngokuhlafuna ulwelwesi olumnandi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenkathi idla, i-marsupial anteater iyakhohlwa ngayo yonke into esemhlabeni. Ofakazi bokuzibonela baqinisekisa ukuthi isilwane, sithathwa yisidlo, singaphululwa futhi sithathwe ezingalweni zakhe - ngeke nje akubone lokhu kuphathwa.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukudla kwabantu abadla amahansi kuqala ngoJanuwari, kepha sekuvele ngoSepthemba imfihlo ensundu iyaqala ukwakhiwa kwabesilisa, okusiza ukuhlela umhlangano nowesifazane. I-estrus yabesifazane imfushane kakhulu futhi ithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela, ngakho-ke kufanele bazi ukuthi kukhona umlingani oseduze, olungele ukushada. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imfihlo yesilisa enukayo iyadingeka, ishiywe yindoda kunoma iyiphi indawo elula, kufaka phakathi umhlabathi.
Uma usuku lwenzeka futhi lwaphela ngokukhulelwa, ngemuva kwamasonto amabili umlingani ubeletha u-2-4 enqunu, obomvana obukhanyayo "izibungu" ubude obuyi-1 cm. Laba abanqunu kufanele bacabange ngokushesha nangokuzimela ukuthola izingono zomama. Kuyadingeka ukubamba izingono noboya ngokuqinile, ngoba ama-nambats, siyakhumbula, awanazo izikhwama zesikhumba.
Amantshontsho ahlala ensimini yobisi lukamama cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, ngemuva kwalokho aqala ukuqonda indawo ezungezile, ikakhulukazi, umgodi noma umgodi. Owesifazane wondla izingane ebusuku, futhi vele ngoSepthemba bazama ukushiya indawo yokukhosela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngo-Okthoba, kunezelwa umuhlwa obisini lukamama, kuthi ngoDisemba, amachwane, ahlanganisa izinyanga eziyisi-9 ubudala, ekugcineni ashiye umama nomgodi.... Ukuzala ku-marsupial anteater kuvame ukwenzeka ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.
Izitha zemvelo
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kufakazele ukuthi izilwane ezi-placental zikwazi ukujwayela impilo kangcono kunama-marsupials futhi zizohlala zisusa lezi zindawo ezindaweni ezinqotshiwe. Umdwebo ocacile wethisisi yindaba ye-marsupial anteater, okuthi kuze kube ngekhulu le-19 ingazi mqhudelwano ezwenikazi layo lase-Australia.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abokufika abavela eYurophu bafika namakati nezinja (ezinye zazo zahamba zasendle), kanye nezimpungushe ezibomvu. Lezi zilwane ezingenisiwe, kanye nezinyoni zomdabu ezidla inyama kanye nezinja zasendle ze-dingo, kube nomthelela ekuqothulweni kwe-nambat.
Izazi zebhayoloji zisho izinto eziningana ezenze buthakathaka ukuma kwalezi zinhlobo, okushiya kunamathuba amancane okusinda:
- ubuchwepheshe obunqunyelwe bokudla;
- isikhathi eside sokuzala;
- ukukhula isikhathi eside kwentsha;
- okujulile, okufana nokugqwayiza okumisiwe, ukulala;
- umsebenzi ngesikhathi sasemini;
- ukunqanyulwa kwesimo sokuzivikela lapho usondla.
Ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezidla inyama ezingenisiwe kwashesha kakhulu futhi kwaba nomhlaba wonke kangangokuba abadla amahansi baqala ukunyamalala ezwenikazi lonke.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Yizilwane ezidla ezinye ezethulwe njengezaziwa njengesizathu esikhulu sokwehla okukhulu kwenani labantu baseNambat.... Izimpungushe ezibomvu ziqedile inani le-marsupial anteater eNingizimu ye-Australia, eVictoria naseNorthern Territory, lisindisa abantu ababili abathobekile ngasePerth.
Isizathu sesibili sokwehla kwaba ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba kwezomnotho, lapho amaNambats ahlala khona njalo. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70s yekhulu elidlule, inani le-marsupial anteater lalinganiselwa kumakhanda angaphansi kwenkulungwane.
Okubalulekile! Iziphathimandla zase-Australia kuye kwadingeka ukuthi zibhekane nenkinga yokubuyiswa kwabantu. Kwenziwa izindlela zokuvikela ezisebenzayo, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuqothula izimpungushe, kwaqala umsebenzi wokubuyiswa kabusha kwe-marsupial anteater.
Manje abasebenzi baseSterling Range, okuyindawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo e-Australia, benza umsebenzi wokwenziwa kabusha kwama-nambats. Yize kunjalo, i-nambat isabhalisiwe emakhasini e-International Red Data Book njengesilwane esisengozini yokuqothulwa.
