Ezilwandle zasenyakatho, ungathola isilwane esincelisayo esingajwayelekile esibizwa ngokuthi "beluga". Lesi silwane siyisixhumanisi esiphakathi kwehlengethwa nomkhomo. Amafomu angaphandle anokufana okufana nehlengethwa, kepha ngosayizi kufana nomkhomo. Empilweni yansuku zonke ubizwa ngokuthi "ihlengethwa polarยป.
Izici nemvelo yemikhomo ye-beluga
Umkhomo waseBeluga (osuka eLat. Delphinapterus leucas) uyisilwane esincelisayo esikhulu, umndeni we-narwhal, i-subspecies - imikhomo enamazinyo. Ihlengethwa libhekwa ngenxa yendawo yalo yokuhlala - izilwandle zaseNyakatho ye-Ocean nezindawo zokugcina amanzi.
Ukusatshalaliswa yi-circumpolar (50-80 degrees latitude latitude). Belukha uhlala ezilwandle ezilandelayo: iBering, White, Okhotsk, kwesinye isikhathi ingena oLwandle iBaltic. Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula ingafinyelela emifuleni: Ob, Yenisei, Lena. Ngokweminye imibiko, kunabantu abahlukile bomkhoma i-beluga ngaphakathi koMfula iSt. Lawrence.
Inkulu ngosayizi: owesilisa ufinyelela kubude obungamamitha ayi-6, owesifazane - aze afike kumamitha ayi-5. Isisindo somzimba sisuka ku-1.5 kuye kumathani we-2. Isici esivelele sehlengethwa le-beluga yinhloko yayo, engakuvumeli ukuthi ididaniswe nomunye umuntu.
Futhi angajika ikhanda lakhe, okuyinto engafani nemikhomo. Lokhu kwenziwa lula ngama-vertebrae womlomo wesibeletho. Amaphiko asesifubeni a-oval, amancane ngosayizi. Imikhoma yaseBeluga, ngokungafani namahlengethwa, ayinayo i-fin ngemuva, yingakho ibizwa nangokuthi "amahlengethwa angenazimpiko".
Umbala ihlengethwa beluga ziyehluka futhi zincike ekuzihlanganiseni kweminyaka yobudala. Amawundlu azelwe kuphela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumnyama okwesibhakabhaka. Abantu abafike onyakeni owodwa baphenduka baphaphatheka, bathola umbala ompunga noma ompunga okhanyayo. Kwesinye isikhathi umbala ushintshela kumbala we-bluish ocashile. Abamele inani labantu abaneminyaka engama-3-5 baneminyaka emhlophe emsulwa.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila yemikhomo ye-beluga
I-Belugas ijwayele ukuhlangana njengemihlambi. Amaqembu ahlelwe ngokufana nalokhu: insikazi enamawundlu noma abesilisa abayishumi nambili. Indlela yokuphila ukuhleleka kokuhamba kwesizini okuhleliwe.
Ebusika, bazama ukugcina emaphethelweni amanzi aneqhwa. Imvamisa ebusika, umhlambi beluga ziboshwe yiqhwa elijiyile futhi kwabaningi liphela kabuhlungu. Amaqembu ajwayele ukufudukela ngaseningizimu lapho izembozo zinomphetho weqhwa ojiyile kakhulu.
Entwasahlobo, imihlambi ihamba kancane kancane iya emanzini angajulile, ezizalweni zemifula, emachibini, emifuleni. Lokhu kuziphatha kungenxa ye-molt yonyaka. Basika ungqimba olungaphezulu olufile ngokungqubuzana ngamatshe amatshe noma amabhange aqinile.
Ukufuduka kuhlala kwenziwa ngomzila owodwa. Iqiniso ukuthi ihlengethwa le-beluga ukhumbula indawo azalelwa kuyo futhi ulwela ukubuyela lapho minyaka yonke. UBeluga angabhekwa njengesidalwa somphakathi esigcwele eqenjini. Ngoba bathuthukise ukuxhumana ngenkuthalo: ngosizo lwemisindo, ukushukuma komzimba nokubukeka kobuso.
Ososayensi babalile imisindo efika ku-50 engenziwa yilesi silwane. Amatilosi ayabiza umkhomo beluga "Umsele wolwandle." Uhlamvu lwesilwane luhle-luhle, lokhu kuchaza ukufana kwalo okuyinhloko nehlengethwa. Ilungele ngokuphelele ukuqeqeshwa, ungabona kaningi ukusebenza kwamasekisi ngokuzibandakanya kwabo. Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokusindiswa komuntu ihlengethwa polar.
Ukudla komkhoma iBeluga
Belukha esincelisayo iphakela ikakhulu izinhlanzi. Ukudla akwenziwa ngokubamba isidumbu, kodwa ngokumunca kanye namanzi. Umuntu omdala, ngokwesilinganiso, udla kuze kufike ku-15 kg wezinhlanzi ngosuku.
Idla kakhulu ama-crustaceans kanye nama-plankton. Uthanda kakhulu abamele ama-salmon, ukulungele ukuthuthela emva kwabo ngezinkulungwane eziningi zamakhilomitha. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvame ukubhukuda kungene emifuleni ejulile nasemabhishi amakhulu.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila semikhomo ye-beluga
Isikhathi senjabulo yothando lwe-belugas siqala ebangeni lasentwasahlobo-ehlobo. Ukuze benze lokhu, bakhetha ugu olunokuthula. Lapha ziyahlangana bese kuvela inzalo. Imvamisa, abesilisa balwela ngesithunzi ukunakwa kwabesifazane. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesilisa kwenzeka eneminyaka engama-7-9, nakwabesifazane - eminyakeni engu-4-7.
Owesifazane i-polar dolphin beluga uthwala ithole izinyanga eziyi-14. Ukwengeza kwenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. Insikazi izalela emanzini afudumele, eduze nogu.
Yondla ingane ngobisi izinyanga eziyi-12-24. Lapho izalwa, izinyane lifinyelela kubude obungamamitha ayi-1.5. Amawele ayivelakancane. Imikhoma yaseBeluga iyeka ukubeletha eminyakeni engamashumi amabili. Isilinganiso seminyaka lapho isilwane esincelisayo sifinyelela ebangeni leminyaka engama-30 kuye kwengu-40. Inzuzo enkulu yomkhomo i-beluga wubuhle bayo obumangalisayo nokuvika.
Ijubane elijwayelekile lomuntu omdala lifinyelela ku-3-9 km / h, lapho wesaba - kufika ku-22 km / h. Amandla okuhlala ucwilisiwe ngaphandle komoya cishe imizuzu eyi-15. Njalo ngemizuzu nengxenye baphuma ngobuciko ukuze baphefumule.
Ukubona kwama-belugas kuphansi, ngakho-ke bathola ulwazi ngezinto eziseduze zisebenzisa indawo ye-echo. Zikhipha ama-ultrasound amise okokuchofoza (kunamasaka omoya akhethekile). Ingxenye ehlukile yobuchopho ifunda yonke imininingwane ephathelene nezinto eziseduze. Lokhu kufaka ilensi yomsindo ebunzini.
Isikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu se- ihlengethwa polar - lobu busika. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imihlambi ingawela ekuthunjweni kweqhwa, banezitha zemvelo. Okuyingozi kakhulu whale killer. Kunzima ukufihla kuye futhi imvamisa ukuphishekela kugcina kwehlulekile. Ngakho-ke, imikhomo ye-beluga izama ukungabhukudi kude olwandle.
Esinye isilo esiyingozi esithanda ukuzitika ngemikhomo ye-beluga ibhere le-polar. Ngesikhathi sasebusika sezilwane ezincelisayo, uyazibheka eduze komphetho wamanzi futhi akhubaze lesi silwane ngokushaya okuqinile ngezidladla zaso ezisikiwe.
Muva nje, sekuvele enye into embi eyehlisa inani lalezi zilwane - ezemvelo. Inqwaba yemfucumfucu enobuthi idonswa emanzini olwandle, okwenza imihlambi ithuthele ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu. Yibo abavame ukuba isicupho senani elikhulu labantu; umkhoma i-beluga umane uqandane olwandle.
Umkhomo waseBeluga - intandokazi yababukeli ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemanzini. Isilwane sixhumana ngokuzithandela, sizibambe futhi sizivumele ukuthi sithwebulwe. Uzizwa emuhle ekuthunjweni futhi ungumakhelwane omuhle wezinye izakhamuzi zase-aquarium ezingaphandle.
Imvamisa ubona ama-belugas enza isekisi, enza umsebenzi oncomekayo ngemisebenzi, kulula ukuyiqeqesha. Vuliwe isithombe se-beluga kucishe kube mhlophe qhwa, njengezingelosi ezehlela emanzini.
