Carp Ingabe igama lesayensi le-carp carp. Lezi zinhlanzi zibhekwa njengesinye sezakhamizi ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezisabalele zemizimba yamanzi angenasawoti. Cishe noma imuphi umdobi uphupha ngokuthola indebe ye-carp. Indawo ye-carp inkulu kakhulu. Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe akujwayelekile kubo, bachitha cishe yonke impilo yabo echibini elifanayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Carp
I-carp ingeyezilwane ezi-chordate. Kukhethwe esigabeni sezinhlanzi ezenzelwe imisebe ye-ray, ukuhleleka kwe-carp, umndeni we-carp, uhlobo lwe-carp, uhlobo lwe-carp.
ICarps iphakathi kwezinhlanzi ezithandwa kakhulu. Ososayensi abasakwazi ukusho isikhathi esiqondile sokuvela kwabo emhlabeni. Abanye bathi izinsalela zokhokho basendulo bezinhlanzi zabhujiswa ngokuphelele yizimo zemvelo nezimo zezulu. Kodwa-ke, kwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-300-350 edlule uMhlaba wawuhlala okhokho bezinhlanzi zanamuhla - i-Acrania. Lokhu kufakazelwa yizinsalela ezitholakele zalezi zidalwa. Ngaphandle, zazifana nezinhlanzi zesimanje, kepha zazingenalo ugebhezi, ubuchopho, imihlathi neziphetho ezibhanqiwe.
Ividiyo: Carp
Ososayensi abaningi basaphikisana lapho amanzi avela khona okhokho bokuqala bezinhlanzi zanamuhla - ezintsha noma ezinosawoti. Mayelana nalokhu, kukhona nenguqulo yokuthi ngisho ama-annelids angaba okhokho.
Abanye ososayensi bathi abameleli bokuqala bezinhlanzi zanamuhla babekhona kakade eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-450 edlule. Abavubukuli bathole imivubukulo ethile eyiphutha ngezinsalela zokhokho basendulo bezinhlanzi zanamuhla. Lezi zinsalela zazikhumbuza ngohlobo oluthile lwesimanje lokuphila kwasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, umzimba wabo wawumbozwe uhlobo lwegobolondo, babengenayo imihlathi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Carp fish
I-carp ingeyomndeni we-carp. Kunezici eziningi ezihlukile kuzici zayo zangaphandle.
Izici zangaphandle ezihlukile:
- obukhulu, obukhulu futhi kunalokho obukhulu, umzimba omncane
- ulayini ongemuva obanzi nezinhlangothi ezicindezelwe kancane;
- inkulu, inhloko enkulu;
- ukusetha okuphansi, okukhulu, izindebe ezinamafutha;
- endebeni engezansi kunezinhlayiya ezimbili zamadevu. Zisetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuthola ukudla ngokuzwa indawo engaphansi;
- amehlo awakhulu kakhulu nge-iris egolide ensundu;
- umphetho omude we-dorsal wombala omnyama ngenotch yesici;
- isilwane esibuhlungu esibuhlungu sangasese
- amanye amaphiko ampunga - i-lilac;
- umzimba wenhlanzi umbozwe izikali eziminyene zegolide. Zibushelelezi futhi zikhulu ngokwanele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-carp ibikhula iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yokuphila kwayo. Abanye abantu bakhula babe ngosayizi abakhulu. Ubude bomzimba wenhlanzi ngayinye bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-60-70 futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangaphezulu. Isisindo somzimba sezinhlanzi sisuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-3.5 kilograms. Umlando uqophe amacala lapho abadobi bebamba abantu abangaphezu kwemitha ubude futhi benesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-15-17!
Umhlane we-carp uhlala unemibala ekhanyayo, embala wegolide. Izinhlangothi nesisu kumnyama. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-carp, ngayinye inezici zangaphandle ezihlukile.
Ihlala kuphi i-carp?
Isithombe: Carp emfuleni
Iningi labamele lolu hlobo bahlala phansi, bahlala endaweni echazwe ngokuqinile. Lesi sigaba senhlanzi sichitha impilo yaso yonke ngaphakathi kwale nsimu. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlanzi ezingahola indlela yokuphila eyi-semi-anadromous. Zijwayele ukufuduka zisuka emachibini nasemachibini ziye echibini ngesikhathi sokuzala.
I-Carp, noma i-carp, ibhekwa kakhulu njengezinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti, kepha kukhona ama-subspecies ahlala ekujuleni kolwandle. Izifunda ezithulile ezinomsakazo omncane zikhethwa njengezindawo zokuhlala unomphela zezinhlanzi. Bazizwa bekhululekile nasemanzini amile. Ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona ukhaphethi, phansi okunodaka, kuyachwaza kuzo, izihlahla, amahlathi aliga, imigodi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Emlonyeni we-carp kunemigqa emithathu yamazinyo okuhlafuna amakhulu. Ngosizo lwazo, izinhlanzi zingagaya kalula cishe noma ikuphi ukudla, kuhlanganise namagobolondo e-mollusk.
Umgomo oyinhloko wobukhona obuhle be-carp inani elanele lokuphakelwa kokudla ezansi kwedamu. Amanzi ama-brackish awazenzi izinkinga nezinhlungu ezinhlanzini. Bangakwazi ukuhlala cishe yonke indawo: amadamu, amachibi, imifula, amachibi, njll. Akuvamile ukuthi i-carp ibhukude kude nezindawo ezihlala kuzo.
Izindawo ezihlala indawo yezinhlanzi:
- ULwandle iMedithera;
- Ulwandle i-Aral;
- Ulwandle i-Azov;
- ULwandle Olumnyama;
- Ulwandle iCaspian;
- ULwandle iBaltic;
- Ulwandle Olusenyakatho;
- I-Issyk-Kul Lake eKyrgyzstan;
- ezinye izifunda eKamchatka naseSiberia;
- imifula yaseMpumalanga Ekude;
- China;
- ENingizimu-mpumalanga Asia;
- imifudlana yemifula iVolga, iKura, iDon, iKuban.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abamele lolu hlobo bathanda kakhulu ukufudumala. Yingakho le nhlanzi incamela ukuba sekholini lamanzi elifudumele kahle. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lingu + 25 degrees. Izinhlanzi kunzima ukubekezelela imimoya evela enyakatho kanye nezinguquko emazingeni okushisa nezimo zezulu. Uma kuba noshintsho olubukhali ezimweni zezulu, kuphakama umoya obandayo noma ukugxuma okucijile ekucindezelekeni komkhathi, izinhlanzi zicasha ngaphansi kwezinkuni ezikhukhulayo noma emigodini ezansi.
Idlani i-carp?
Isithombe: Carp ngaphansi kwamanzi
I-carp inemigqa emithathu yamazinyo amakhulu, abukhali. Ngosizo lwazo, izinhlanzi zingagaya kalula ngisho nokudla okuqinile kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi azinaso isisu, ngakho-ke zingadla ukudla cishe njalo. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva kokudla okungekuhle ebusika, okuqukethe ikakhulukazi ulwelwe nezinye izinhlobo zezimila, ukunikezwa kokudla kuyahlukahluka futhi kube nomsoco. Lapho kuqala ihlobo, bangadla abamele izitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane zasendle.
Yini efakiwe ekudleni kwe-carp:
- imbewu yezimila zasemanzini;
- amahlumela omhlanga;
- ukhukhunathi
- impilo yasolwandle elula kunazo zonke - ama-ciliates;
- iplankton yasolwandle;
- rotifers;
- izibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini;
- izinambuzane;
- i-caviar yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi;
- i-caviar yesele;
- izibungu;
- ama-molluscs amancane nama-crustaceans;
- cddisflies;
- amabhungane;
- daphnia;
- amabhu.
Ngentwasahlobo, izinhlanzi zingadla imbewu, izimila zasemhlabeni nezasemanzini, amahlamvu neziqu. Ukufudumala kanye nenkathi yehlobo kufaka isandla ekugcwalisweni kokudla nabamele umhlaba wezilwane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi esifudumele emzimbeni wamanzi kunenqwaba yezinambuzane, ama-molluscs amancane nama-crustaceans, futhi ngesikhathi sokuzala kunenqwaba yamaqanda azo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izinhlanzi zigobhozela odakeni noma zicashe emigodini futhi azidli lutho kuze kufike ukushisa. Abantu abasha baqala ukuzondla nge-caviar kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini, kancane kancane bagcwalisa ukudla kanye nabamele abaningi bezwe lesilwane. I-carp ngeke ize itholakale lapho kungekho khona ukudla okwanele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iminyaka yokuqala engu-7-8 yezinhlanzi ikhula kakhulu futhi idinga inani elikhulu lokudla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Carp eRussia
Iningi labantu lalezi zinhlobo izinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti, ezingavamisile ukufuduka zihamba amabanga amade. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo kunezakhamizi zasolwandle ezizizwa zikhululekile ezimweni ezinjalo futhi zingakwazi nokuzalela emanzini anosawoti. Abanye abameleli bezinhlobo zezilwane bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinokudonsa okubukhali ekujuleni noma emahlathini aminyene emhlanga neminduze yamanzi.
I-carp iyinhlanzi efunda isikole. Uhlala kaningi ephaketheni, inani lalo elixhomeke ngqo ngosayizi walo. Izinhlanzi ezincane, zikhula kakhulu isibalo sesikole. Isebenza kakhulu ebumnyameni, lapho ibhukuda iphume ezindaweni zayo zokucasha ifuna ukudla. Lapho kuqala ukuhwalala nokuntwela kokusa, uthanda ukubhukuda asondele ngasogwini efuna ukudla, okuqhutshwa yisimanje esivela ogwini. Ngenkathi efudumele, ingabhukuda iye ogwini lolwandle ukuze nje ithambe.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izinhlanzi ezikoleni ezinkulu zicasha phansi, zigobhozela odakeni futhi zihlale emigodini ejulile. Ebusika, i-carp cishe ayidli lutho, ngoba ukutholakala kokudla kuba yindlala, futhi ngenxa yokubanda okubandayo, izinhlanzi zihola impilo enganyakazi. Abamele lolu hlobo banakekele kakhulu, bazama ukugwema izindawo lapho kutholakala khona ezinye izinhlanzi ezidlayo: i-catfish, i-pike, i-pike perch.
Ngokwemvelo izinhlanzi zinikezwe ukubona okuhle nokuzwa okuhle kakhulu. Ukunyakaza okuncane noma umsindo ungamsabisa amshiye. Ukucinga ukudla, abantu basebenzisa hhayi kuphela umbono, kepha futhi namadevu akhethekile. Noma ikuphi ukudla abaphethe ukukuthola kuyathandeka futhi kuyakwazisa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqunywa nokugwinywa, ngaphandle kwe-algae.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Carp
Abesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi cishe eminyakeni engu-2.9-3.3 ubudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, zifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-30-35. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi ngemuva kwesikhashana - lapho beneminyaka engama-4-5. Ubude bomzimba wabo budlula ubude bomzimba wesilisa ngokwesilinganiso samasentimitha ayi-15.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-carp yesifazane ithathwa njengenye yezinhlanzi ezanda kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ziyakwazi ukuphonsa amaqanda ayisigidi nesigamu ngesikhathi!
Abesifazane bazala ngesikhathi lapho amanzi efudumala aze afike ezingeni lokushisa elingu-16-20 degrees. Ukuqhamuka kwalezi zinhlanzi ezithile kwaziwa ngobunye bayo nokubukeka kwayo. Inhlanzi izalela ezikoleni ezincane, lapho kunowesifazane oyedwa nabesilisa ababili noma abathathu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kusihlwa noma ebusuku emanzini angajulile ezihlahleni zomhlanga noma kwezinye izitshalo zasemanzini. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungezwa ukuqhuma okuningi, okuvela lapho abesilisa begxumela emanzini. Endaweni lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona izinhlanzi, izinhlanzi zibuthana ngaphambi kwesikhathi, cishe imitha elilodwa nohhafu ngaphambi kokuqala kokuzala, bese zihlala ekujuleni kwemitha elilodwa nohhafu kuya kwamabili.
Ukuzalela kuqala lapho amanzi efudumala ngokwanele. Lokhu kwenzeka phakathi noma ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ukuzalela kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Abesifazane bavame ukuzala ngezinyathelo eziningana, kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa kwamanzi. Amaqanda e-Carp aphuzi ngombala owodwa nohhafu kuya kwamamilimitha amabili ububanzi. Imvamisa zinamathele ezimileni zasemanzini. Amaqanda adla esikhwameni esiphuzi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, amaqanda aphenduka gazinga. Ziyasebenza impela futhi zingazondla zodwa. Njengoba bekhula, amafry andisa ukudla kwabo.
Izitha zemvelo ze-carp
Isithombe: Carp fish
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, i-carp inezitha eziningi. Esinye sezitha eziyinhloko yixoxo, elisebenzisa inani elikhulu lamafry kanye nezibungu zale nhlanzi. Kubantu abancane futhi abaphakathi nendawo, izinyoni ezidla izinyamazane - ama-gulls, ama-tern ayingozi. Phakathi kwezitha ze-carp nezinhlanzi ezidlayo - ama-pikes, i-catfish, ama-asps. Badla i-carp gazinga ngamanani amakhulu, kunciphisa kakhulu inani labantu.
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-carp inezindlebe ezinhle kakhulu futhi iyinhlanzi esheshayo futhi eqaphelayo, ibanjwa kakhulu ngabadobi. Kusetshenziswa izinto ezahlukahlukene ukubamba abamele lolu hlobo. Babanjwa ngempumelelo kophizi abashubile, amazambane abilisiwe, imvuthu yesinkwa, kanye nezibungu zomhlaba, amabhungane kaMay nezinye izinambuzane.
I-Carp izingelwa emifuleni nasemachibini. Kukholakala ukuthi ukubamba ukhaphethi kudinga ulwazi oluthile nekhono. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhlanzi iyaqaphela futhi ayigwinyi ngokushesha isiheho, kepha kancane kancane iyayinambitha. Phakathi kwabamele lolu hlobo, kunabantu abakhulu impela abangahlwitha kalula induku ezandleni zabo noma baguqule umugqa. Ama-Anglers ayazi ukuthi kungakanani ukunakekelwa okufanele kuthathwe ukuze ayibambe. Ngokwemvelo, i-carp inikezwe ukuzwa okuhle kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha iphendula imisindo emincane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Carp emfuleni
Inani le-carp livame ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili. Iqembu elilodwa inani labantu abahlala eCaspian kanye nemifula yase-Aral Sea. Abamele elinye iqembu bahlala emadamini aseChina, emazweni ase-Asia naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Muva nje, kwezinye izifunda, kube nokwehla kwesibalo sezinhlanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokubanjwa kwezinhlanzi eziningi kakhulu, kanye nokwanda kwesibalo sezilwane ezidla ezinye. Esinye isici esinomthelela ekwehleni kwesibalo izinguquko ezingeni lamanzi, ezihlotshaniswa nokusebenza kwezakhiwo ze-hydraulic. Le nkinga iphuthuma kakhulu ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia. Kulezo zifunda lapho kuqala khona uzamcolo, inani lezinhlanzi liphezulu lapho.
Kwezinye izifunda, ukungcoliswa kwemizimba yamanzi nakho kuthinta kabi inani labantu bezinhlanzi. Inani le-carp alibangeli ukukhathazeka, njengoba abamele lolu hlobo behlangana ngokuzimisela namanye ama-subspecies ezinhlobo zabo.
I-carp ibilokhu ibhekwa njengenhlanzi yezentengiselwano ebalulekile. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili e-Azov naseLwandle Olumnyama, indawo yokudoba ikhaphethi yemikhiqizo ephelele yezinhlanzi yayicishe ibe yi-13%. Ngaleso sikhathi, cishe amathani ayi-9 ezinhlanzi abanjwa kulezi zifunda. Ngama-60s wekhulu elidlule, ukubanjwa kwe-carp oLwandle i-Aral kwakucishe kube ngu-34% wenani lenhlanzi ebanjiwe. Kuze kube manje, inani lezinhlanzi ezibanjiwe lehle kakhulu.
Carp kubhekwa njengenhlanzi ejwayelekile futhi ethandwayo. Bathanda ukuyipheka kokubili ekhaya nasezitolo zokudlela ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ukudoba i-carp kwesinye isikhathi kuphenduka i-adventure engakholeki kakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05/17/2020
Idethi yokuvuselela: 25.02.2020 ngo-22: 53
