Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-Altai maral
Umdanso wase-Altai uyisilwane esisengozini eyingqayizivele. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba ze-Altai, kuhlala izinyamazane ezinhle - ama-Altai marals. Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu, isisindo sabesilisa singafinyelela kuma-350 kg, futhi ukuphakama ekubuneni kungu-160 cm.
Kepha naphezu kobukhulu bazo, lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukuhamba emithambekeni emikhulu kalula okumangalisayo, ngenkathi zikhombisa umusa ongaphezu kovamile futhi ziwukuhlobisa kwamathafa asezintabeni.
Ukuvela kwale nyamazane kuyinto enhle futhi eyingqayizivele. Umhlobiso ophawuleka kakhulu owesilisa (njengoba ubona ngokubheka isithombe se-Altai maralyizimpondo zayo ezinhle ezinamagatsha ezihlukahluka endukwini ngayinye ngamahlumela amahlanu noma ngaphezulu, izilwane ezilahlekelwa yizikhathi ezithile, kepha njalo entwasahlobo ziqala ukukhula futhi, kamuva zifinyelele osayizi obumangalisayo obufinyelela ku-108 cm.
Abesifazane abanikiwe ingcebo enjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kulula ukuhlukanisa kwamadoda aqinile futhi amakhulu. Umbala walezi zilwane uyashintsha kuye ngesizini.
Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, iba nsundu ngokubomvu noma ibomvu ngokubomvu, kanti ebusika, amathoni anombala ompunga ayengezwa kulolu hlu. Isici esiphawulekayo sombala wezinyamazane naso siyisibuko esiphuzi, esimbozwe ngomugqa omnyama, ngokwengxenye sigubuzela i-croup.
Emshadweni wase-Altai Territory yizona ezivame kakhulu. Ububanzi babo buyaqhubeka nasezindaweni zeKrasnoyarsk Territory, iTien Shan neKyrgyzstan, lapho betholakala khona emahlathini ahlabayo futhi aqinile, ahlanganisa izindawo ezinezintaba. Izinyamazane ezinjalo zihlala naseNew Zealand.
Izinhlobo zeMaral
Lezi yizilwane zeNcwadi ebomvu. Lapho indawo yokuhlala yomdanso wase-Altai yayisibanzi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, izidalwa ezinhle kangaka ziyafa kancane kancane kodwa ngokungenakuphikiswa, futhi azikho izinyathelo ezikwazi ukuguqula lesi simo sezinto. Ukuze kuzalwe futhi kuvikelwe lezi zinyamazane, kwenziwa amapulazi okuzalanisa ama-maral.
Imininingwane yokuqala mayelana nommeleli oyingqayizivele wezilwane zomhlaba yaqoqwa ngekhulu le-18 ngemisebenzi yasePallas. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo bezinesikhathi eside zicwaninga ngezinto ezinjalo eziphilayo, kepha imininingwane ebanzi kakhulu ngazo itholwe kuphela ngama-30s ekhulu elidlule ngabasebenzi be-Altai Reserve.
Umshado wase-Altai yaqoshwa njengezinhlobo ezizimele ngo-1873, kodwa eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva lolu hlobo lwesilwane lwenziwa kuphela kwinani lezinhlobo ezincane zezinyamazane ezibomvu: iqembu laseSiberia, imishado yalo manje ebhekwa njengengxenye. Ngaphezu kwakho, kukhona namaqembu ase-Western nase-Asia Ephakathi.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izilwane ezinjalo bezizingelwa kusukela kudala. Isinqe futhi Inyama yasolwandle i-Altaikanye nesikhumba esihle kakhulu. Kepha lolu hlu alugcini lapho, ngoba izinyamazane ezichazwe ziyizidalwa ezimangalisayo nezihlukile zemvelo. I-Altai maral igazi kade yasetshenziswa ngabantu njengomuthi, futhi isaziswa umhlaba wonke futhi ayinazo izifaniso.
Izimfanelo ezicishe zibe mnandi zalezi zidalwa azisebenzi njengesizathu sokwakhiwa kwezinganekwane kuphela, kodwa futhi zaphenduka izinto zokuhweba, kuyilapho, ngeshwa, hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngomqondo wokulingana, kusebenza njengento yenzuzo engalawulwa. Lesi simo sezinto ngokungangabazeki sasiyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuqothulwa kwezilwane okungenamahloni.
Lokhu kwaba nomthelela omubi ekugcineni kwemishado, futhi ngesinye isikhathi kwaholela ekuqothulweni ngokuphelele kohlobo oluyingqayizivele. Ngaphezu kokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho, izici zemvelo zathonya nokwehla kwabantu: ubusika obunzima nokuntuleka kokudla okufanele.
I-Ossified izimpondo zomdanso wase-Altai esetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kobucwebe, ubuciko obubizayo nezikhumbuzo. Kepha imininingwane enjalo yokubukeka kwangaphandle, esebenza hhayi nje njengomhlobiso, kepha esetshenziswa yizilwane njengendlela yomzabalazo nokuvikelwa, inezinye izimfanelo ezibalulekile kubantu.
Intwasahlobo yemishado iba yisikhathi sokukhula kwezimpondo. Leli yigama lentsha engenayo ossified izimpondo zemishado yama-Altai... Lokhu kuyinto ebalulekile esetshenziswa ngabantu ezindaweni eziningi zemithi.
Izici zokuphulukisa zezimpondo zisetshenziswe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kwezokwelapha zasempumalanga, zazaziwa futhi zaziswa ikakhulukazi eChina. Yingakho abahlali boMbuso Wasezulwini bathenga umkhiqizo oyingqayizivele ngemali eningi. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka edlule izakhiwo Izimpondo zempi yomdabu wase-Altai yaqala ukusetshenziswa eRussia.
Ukuzingelwa izinyamazane kwanyamalala ngemuva kwesikhathi, futhi ukwakhiwa kwezinkulisa lapho lezi zilwane zazigcinwa khona kwaba yibhizinisi elinenzuzo. Kulezi zinsuku, ukuzalanisa ama-antler reindeer kwenziwa kakhulu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kulethwa ngempumelelo phesheya.
Izimpondo ziqala ukunqunywa lapho zineminyaka emibili. Zivame ukuba nesisindo esifinyelela ku-10 kg, futhi izicubu zamathambo ezibaluleke kangaka zibiza kakhulu kunezimpondo zezinye izinyamazane.
Kuyisiko ukunquma izimpondo ezisencane ngaphambi kokuphela kokukhula kwazo. Ngemuva kwalokho, izimpondo zivunwa ngendlela ekhethekile: ziyomiswa, zibiliswe, zikheniwe noma zisetshenziselwe ukwenza imithi.
Umsoco we-Altai maral
I-Maral – isilwaneukudla ukudla kwezitshalo kuphela, kepha ukudla okudlayo kuhlukile futhi kuya ngesizini. Ngezinyanga zasebusika, zehlela ezihlahleni ukuze zizondle.
Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi le ndlela enzima ifike ku-100 km ubude. Futhi izilwane kufanele zinqobe izithiyo eziningi, ziwele imifula yezintaba eneziphepho.
Zibhukuda kahle. Ngenkathi ebandayo, abashadile abanakho okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokugculiseka ngama-acorn namaqabunga, kwesinye isikhathi izinaliti, noma badle ubulembu.
Ngesikhathi esinjalo, umzimba wabo udinga kakhulu amaminerali. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo, izilwane zihlafuna umhlaba, zikhotha usawoti ekukhothweni kasawoti futhi ngobugovu ziphuza amanzi amaminerali asezintabeni emithonjeni.
Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, izinkinga zokudla okunempilo ziyanyamalala ngokwazo. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, amahlathi asezintabeni namathafa ambozwe ngotshani obude obuluhlaza. Futhi phakathi kwezitshalo ezinikezwe ngohlobo oluvulekile, kunezinto eziningi zokwelapha, ngokwesibonelo, impande ebomvu negolide, i-leuzea, engaphilisa noma yiziphi izifo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kuvela amakhowe, amajikijolo namantongomane, okwenza ukudla kwasolwandle kuhluka futhi kube nomsoco.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
I-Maral kubhekiswa ohlotsheni lwezidalwa eziphilayo ezikhula ngokwanele ukuba zibe nenzalo. Bathola ikhono lokukhwelana beneminyaka engaphezudlwana konyaka, kepha abesifazane bazala izinyamazane kuphela lapho sebefike eminyakeni emithathu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abesilisa bathola amandla okuvundisa ngokuphelele kuphela eneminyaka emihlanu.
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, abesilisa bakhetha ukuzulazula ezintabeni bodwa. Izintombi zabo kanye nentsha yabo bachitha izimpilo zabo behlangana emihlanjini emincane, efaka phakathi kwamalungu amathathu kuya kwayisithupha, futhi okuyinhloko kuleli qembu kuhlala kungowesifazane onolwazi.
Imvelo enamandla onke yalezi zilwane ibonakala eduze nasekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkunzi ziyahamba ziyofuna izindawo lapho abesifazane bedla khona, ziheha ukunakwa kwazo ngomsindo omkhulu, ophansi futhi othatha isikhathi eside, imisindo yazo ithathwa amakhilomitha amaningi.
Lalela izwi lomdanso
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, izilwane cishe azikudli ukudla, kepha mina ngiphuza ngokweqile. Ukungqubuzana okuvuthayo kwelungelo lokushiya inzalo ngalesi sikhathi kuyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu emishadweni. Imvamisa imiphumela yezimpi ukulimala kanzima. Kepha ekupheleni kwekwindla, izinkanuko ziyaphela, ziqala kabusha ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ukuze kuvele inzalo, izinkunzi zakha imindeni eyingqayizivele, okuyizinduna zababili noma ezintathu, hhayi abesifazane abahlanu. Abanikazi babo, ngomona ongavamile, bavikela abesifazane babo ekungeneleleni kwezimbangi.
Amawundlu kaMaral angaba namachashazi, kepha ngaphambi kwe-molt yokuqala
Kepha abesifazane banikezwa inkululeko ephelele yokuzikhethela. Imvamisa bakhetha eyeduna enamandla kunazo zonke enezimpondo ezinkulu. Kepha uma befuna ukushiya ukuhola komholi onesithukuthezi futhi bazitholele omunye, labo ababengamadoda abafuni nakancane ukuphazamisa abangane babo.
Amathole azalwa kuphela ekuqaleni kwehlobo elizayo. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesifazane bayazola, futhi konke ukuzikhandla kwabo kusetshenziselwa ukuvikela inzalo esanda kuvela.
Zigijimela ukuvikela inzalo, lezi zilwane ezinkulu nezinesibindi ziyakwazi ukulwa ngisho nezidliwayo ezomela igazi njengama-lynx nezimpisi, ziphume zinqobile futhi zibalekele aboni.
Ukuhlala endle, izinyamazane ezibomvu kuphila impilo emfushane kakhulu, engahlali ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-14. Kepha emapulazini emfuyo, izinyamazane zivame ukuhlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.
