Ukuze ubone i-hedgehog - isilwane esijwayele wonke umuntu kusuka ebuntwaneni, akudingekile ukuthi uye ehlathini noma ensimini. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lezi zilwane ezincane ezihlanganiswe ngenaliti zihlala kaningi eduze kwabantu: eziningi zazo zihlala ezindlini zazo zasehlobo, kanti ezinye, izibonelo ezinesibindi kakhulu, zihlala ngisho nasemadolobheni.
Incazelo ye-hedgehog
UHedgehog, osephenduke umlingiswa odumile ezincwadini nakopopayi bezingane, ungowomndeni we-hedgehog, oyingxenye yeqembu lezinambuzane... Kuyisilwane esakhiwe ngokulingene esimbozwe izinaliti ezicwebezelayo, esikhula sifakwe ngaphakathi ngezinwele ezinhle. Amandla akhe okugoqana abe yibhola kungenxa yokuthi ungqimba oluphezulu lwesikhumba sakhe lungezwa kakhulu.
Ukubukeka
I-hedgehog yisilwane esincane (isisindo esimaphakathi - cishe u-800 amagremu - 1 kg) onomsila omfushane futhi, njengomthetho, onezindlebe ezincane kanye nesifonyo esi side. Ikhala laso elincane elimnyama, isilwane esilifaka ngezikhathi ezithile emigodini nasemigodini emhlabathini sifuna inyamazane, lihlala limanzi futhi liyacwebezela. Ikhanda likhulu ngokwedlulele, limise okombenge; indawo yobuso incane. Amazinyo mancane futhi abukhali, angama-36 esewonke, angama-20 awo atholakala emihlathini engenhla, kanti ayi-16 emihlathini engezansi, kuyilapho ama-incisors angenhla ebekwe banzi ahlukene, ukuze ama-incisors aphansi angene phakathi kwawo.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-hedgehog kuminyene impela, imilenze imifushane futhi mncane ngokuqhathaniswa, kanti izitho zangemuva zinde ukudlula ngaphambili. Ezidladleni zayo, isilwane sinezinzwani ezi-5 ezinamazipho amnyama abukhali. Iminwe emaphakathi ezithweni zangemuva mide ngokuphawulekayo kunaleyo yonke: ngosizo lwayo, i-hedgehog ihlanza ameva ayo kwizilokazane ezimunca igazi njengemikhaza, ethanda kakhulu ukuhlala phakathi kwezinaliti. Umsila mfushane kakhulu, ukuze kube nzima ukuwubona ngaphansi kwezinsika ezimboze emuva nasemaceleni.
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zalesi silwane, kufaka phakathi i-hedgehog ejwayelekile, izinaliti zifushane, zikhula ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ekhanda zihlukaniswe uhlobo lokuhlukana. Umbala wezinaliti ukude ubukeka ungcolile-mpunga, sengathi ufakwe impuphu ngothuli, kepha empeleni ungxenyeni: kuzinaliti ngayinye, izindawo ezinsundu ezimnyama zishintsha ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, okumhlophe-beige. Ngaphakathi kwenaliti kukhona umgodi ogcwele umoya.
Izinaliti zikhula ngesilinganiso esifanayo nezinwele futhi, njengezinwele, ziyawa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze izinaliti ezintsha zikhule endaweni yazo. Ukuncela ama-hedgehogs kwenzeka entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, kanti ngokwesilinganiso, eyodwa kwezintathu izinaliti ithathelwa indawo ngonyaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, isilwane asikaze siphume ngokuphelele: izinaliti ziyawa kancane kancane futhi ezintsha zikhula endaweni yazo. Ukukhishwa okuphelele kwezinaliti kuma-hedgehogs amadala kungenzeka kuphela uma kwenzeka ukugula okungathi sína.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inaliti ngayinye igxiliwe emzimbeni we-hedgehog ngosizo lwe-fibre yemisipha, eyenyusa futhi yehlise uma kunesidingo, sibonga lapho isilwane singabhinca khona uma sidinga ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Lezo zingxenye zomzimba we-hedgehog ezingenazo izinaliti (ikhanda, isisu, izitho) zimbozwe ngoboya obukhulu obukhulu, imvamisa iba mpunga, iphuzi noma nsundu, yize kwezinye izinhlobo zalezi zilwane umbala omkhulu ungahlanjululwa ngamathoni amhlophe noma alula.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Ama-Hedgehogs akhetha ukuba sebusuku. Emini zicasha esidlekeni sazo, nasebumnyameni ziyaphuma ziyofuna ukudla. Izidleke zihlelwa ezihlahleni, emigodini, emihumeni emincane, kanye nasemigodini eyembwa ngamagundane bese ishiywa ngabanikazi bayo bokuqala. Ububanzi besidleke, ngokwesilinganiso, bungu-15-20 cm, futhi uqobo lumbozwe ngodoti wotshani obomile, amaqabunga noma ubulembu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yokuthi izimuncagazi ezimunca igazi zikhula njalo phakathi kwameva alezi zilwane, ososayensi abafunda ngalezi zilwane baze bavela nencazelo ekhethekile: ngehora. Kusho inani lemikhaza eqoqwa yi-hedgehog ngehora lokuhamba ehlathini.
I-hedgehog yisilwane esihlanzekile, ubheka ngokucophelela ukuhlanzeka koboya bakhe nameva... Ukhotha uboya obusesifubeni nasesiswini ngolimi, njengamakati asekhaya. Kepha akunakwenzeka ukuhlanza izinaliti ngemuva nasemaceleni ngale ndlela, ngakho-ke isilwane sizinakekela ngenye indlela. Ukuvikela imikhaza kanye nezinye izimuncagazi ezimunca igazi ekuqoqeni phakathi kwameva, i-hedgehog ihlanza izinaliti zayo ngosizo lomunwe omaphakathi ophakathi ezingalweni zangemuva. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo, abaqashi abangajabulisi egqokeni lakhe loboya elihlasimulisayo bahlala njalo.
Kungcono kunezinye izindlela, okugeza i-acid, okutholwa yi-hedgehog lapho kugingqika izithelo ezibolile, kusiza isilwane esinameva ukuqeda ama-parasites acasulayo. Lo mkhuba kwaveza umqondo wokuthi lesi silwane sithanda ukudla ama-apula. Eqinisweni, cishe akanandaba nabo, njengokuthi, ngenhlanhla, abanye abameleli be-oda lezinambuzane. I-hedgehog inekhala elicashile elimsiza ukuzingela ebumnyameni nokuzwa okuhle kakhulu, okubuye kube wusizo kakhulu lapho ezula ebumnyameni, kanti ukubona kwakhe kubuthakathaka, yingakho i-hedgehog kufanele incike ezinye izinzwa.
Ngokwesilinganiso, isilwane sikwazi ukugijima cishe amakhilomitha amathathu ubusuku ngabunye. Ngenxa yemilenze yayo emifushane, i-hedgehog ayikwazi ukumboza amabanga amade, kepha lokhu akumvimbi ekuthuthukiseni isivinini esikhulu ngokwanele ngosayizi wakhe: 3 m / s. Umfudlana noma umfula omncane ohlangana endleleni akusona isithiyo se-hedgehog: ngemuva kwakho konke, lesi silwane sikwazi ukubhukuda kahle. Ugxuma kahle futhi, ngakho-ke uyakwazi ukweqa phezu kwesithiyo esincane, njengesibonelo, isiqu somuthi esiwile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngasinye salezi zilwane sinendawo yaso, eyeduna ebagada ngomona kulabo esincintisana nabo.
Ngokwemvelo yayo, i-hedgehog inokuthula futhi inemvelo enhle: ngaphandle kwalezo zilwane ezizingelayo nezincintisana nazo ukuze zinakwe yinsikazi, ayisoze yahlasela kuqala. Kepha, uma kunesidingo, lesi silo sikwazi impela ukuxosha owonile. Okokuqala, uzozama ukuxosha umhlaseli ngomsindo omkhulu, futhi uma engasizi, uzozama ukugxumela kuye ukuze amhlabe kancane.
Futhi kuphela, ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinyathelo azithathile aziholelanga kunoma yini futhi umhlaseli akacabangi ngisho nokuhlehla, i-hedgehog izogobeka ibe yibhola futhi iguquke, iziphendulele kuhlobo lwenqaba engenakulinganiswa. Umuntu ophishekelayo ophikisayo, ohlaba ubuso bakhe noma ahlasele ngezinaliti zakhe, njengomthetho, uyaqaphela ukuthi lesi silwane sinzima kakhulu kuye, bese eshiya. Futhi i-hedgehog, elinde yaze yabonakala emehlweni, iyajika futhi iqhubekele phambili ngezigaba zebhizinisi layo.
Ekwindla, i-hedgehog iya ebusika, ehlala kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli. Ngaphambi kokulala ubusika, lesi silwane sikhuluphele okungenani amagremu angama-500 wamafutha, nangaphambi kokungena opopayi obumisiwe, sivale ngokuqinile umnyango womgodi. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa komzimba wakhe lingehlela ku-1.8 ° C, futhi ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakhe kwehlela kuma-beats angama-20-60 ngomzuzu. Ngemuva kokuvuka, ngemuva kokuphela kobusika, i-hedgehog ihlala emgodini kuze kufike izinga lokushisa lomoya elingaphandle lifike ku-15 ° C, futhi kuphela ngemuva kokushisa, ishiya isidleke sayo iyofuna ukudla.
Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ama-hedgehogs awela kuma-animation amisiwe ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, kepha kuphela labo abahlala ezindaweni ezibandayo, nezihlobo zabo ezihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu zihlala zisebenza unyaka wonke. Ama-Hedgehogs yizilwane ezinomsindo impela: lapho zihamba zizungeza izingosi zazo, zishosholoza kakhulu futhi zenze imisindo efana nokuthimula, kuyilapho ama-hedgehogs amancane nawo angakwazi ukushaya ikhwela noma ukukhohlisa njengezinyoni.
Okubalulekile! Kukholakala kabanzi ukuthi i-hedgehog yisilwane esingagcinwa ekhaya, kepha empeleni lokhu akunjalo.
Okokuqala, i-hedgehog ayinakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukuyiqeqesha, futhi ngenxa yokuthi usebenza ebusuku, lokhu kudala ukuphazamiseka okuthile. Ngakho-ke, uma lesi silwane sikhishwa ekhejini kusihlwa, khona-ke sizulazula emakamelweni ubusuku bonke, sishaye phezulu futhi sinyathele uzipho saso phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hedgehog ingumuntu othwala izifo eziningi ezibucayi, okubandakanya i-tularemia kanye namarabi, futhi imikhaza eminingi ye-encephalitis ingahlala emeveni ayo, okuthi ngethuba lokuqala, adlulele kubantu noma ezifuywayo, njengezinja noma amakati. ... Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungalethi ama-hedgehogs endlini noma efulethini, noma kungavunyelwe ukuwondla ezindaweni zensimu, ikakhulukazi ngoba ama-hedgehogs abhubhisa kahle izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zezolimo, njengezibungu nama-slugs.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-hedgehog
Ngokwemvelo, i-hedgehog ayihlali isikhathi eside kakhulu - iminyaka engu-3-5, kepha ekuthunjweni lezi zilwane zingaphila iminyaka eyi-10-15... Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi endaweni yabo yemvelo banezitha eziningi lapho, kwesinye isikhathi, ngisho ameva angawavikeli.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesilisa nabesifazane bama-hedgehogs ngaphandle bahluke kancane komunye nomunye: banombala ofanayo futhi bacishe babe nomzimba ofanayo. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwama-hedgehogs wabobulili obuhlukile ngosayizi wabo, abesilisa babo bakhudlwana futhi banesisindo esithe xaxa.
Izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziyi-16 ezaziwayo ze-hedgehog ezingaphansi kwesigaba esingu-5 somndeni we-hedgehog.
Ama-hedgehogs ase-Afrika
- Amabhanti amhlophe
- I-Algeria
- WaseNingizimu Afrika
- Somali
Amahedgehogs ase-Eurasia
- I-Amursky
- EMpumalanga Yurophu
- Okuvamile
- Eningizimu
Ama-hedgehogs atholakele
- Izwakele
- Ikhola
Ama-hedgehogs asezintabeni
- I-Daursky
- IsiShayina
Ama-hedgehogs amade amade
- UmTopiya
- Inaliti emnyama
- Indiya
- I-Apodal
Indawo yokuhlala
AmaHedgehogs ahlala eYurophu, kufaka phakathi iBritish Isles. Kutholakala e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane zaziswa eNew Zealand. EMelika, ama-hedgehogs awahlali njengamanje, yize izinsalela zezilwane zomndeni we-hedgehog zitholakala lapho. Azitholakali naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eMadagascar nase-Australia.
Izinhlobo zase-5 zama-hedgehogs zihlala endaweni yaseRussia:
- Okuvamile: uhlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yengxenye yezwe laseYurophu.
- Eningizimu: uhlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu zengxenye yaseYurophu naseCaucasus.
- I-Amursky: uhlala eningizimu yesifunda seMpumalanga Ekude.
- I-Daursky: uhlala eTransbaikalia.
- Kuzwakale: ihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga yengxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia, kepha futhi iyenzeka naseNtshonalanga yeSiberia, eTuva naseCaucasus.
Izindawo abahlala kuzo abazithandayo amahlathi axubekile, amabhande asemahlathini, amathafa anotshani, izikhukhula ezigcwele imifula nezintaba. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs ziyachuma ezindaweni ezingamahlane nezingwadule. Ama-Hedgehogs angahlala cishe yonke indawo: agwema kuphela amaxhaphozi namahlathi e-coniferous.
Ama-Hedgehogs angavame ukubonwa eduze kwendawo yokuhlala abantu njengamapaki, izingadi ezishiyiwe, izindlu zokuhlala zasehlobo, emaphethelweni edolobha namasimu atshalwe okusanhlamvu. Njengomthetho, izilwane ezinameva ziyanqena ukushiya izindawo zazo zomdabu kanye nezinto ezimbi ezifana nokusha kwehlathi, isimo sezulu esingesihle isikhathi eside noma ukungabi bikho kokudla kuzishukumisela ukuba zisondele eduze kwabantu.
Ukudla kwama-hedgehogs
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-hedgehogs angaphansi kwe-oda lezinambuzane, kunalokho, angama-omnivores. Ngokuyinhloko, izilwane ezinameva zidla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla: izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, amacimbi, ama-slugs, iminenke, imisundu eminingi engavamile. Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-vertebrate adliwa kaningi, futhi lokho, njengomthetho, kuhlasela amaxoxo kanye nezibankwa eziwele kuzithombe ezimisiwe.
Okubalulekile! Uma i-hedgehog ixazululeke engadini futhi ufuna ukuyiphatha ngokuthize, awudingi ukondla isivakashi esibuhlungu ngobisi, ngoba siyingozi ezilwaneni ezindala.
Kungcono ukunikeza i-hedgehog izingcezu ezimbalwa zengulube, inyama yenkomo noma inkukhu, noma iqanda eliluhlaza. Akufanele futhi usondle isilwane ngokudla kwekati noma kwenja, ngoba akumfanele futhi kubangela izinkinga zokugaya ukudla.
I-hedgehog ayivame ukuzingela amagundane.... Akazibambi nhlobo izinyoni ezindala, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ngeke adele amaqanda ezinyoni noma amaphuphu amancane atholakala phansi. Kepha ngezinyoka, ngokungafani nombono owamukelwa ngokuvamile, ama-hedgehogs awazingeli, yize ekwazi ukubhekana nawo uma kwenzeka ukuthi lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zibahlasela. Kusuka ekudleni kwezitshalo, ama-hedgehogs angadla amakhowe, izimpande, ama-acorn, amajikijolo noma izithelo, kepha akwenzi lokhu kaningi njengokukholelwa kakhulu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sama-hedgehogs siqala entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokulala ubusika. Ngesikhathi sayo, abesilisa bavame ukulwa nabesifazane, balume imilenze yomunye nomunye nomlomo, futhi bahlaba nezinaliti. Ngesikhathi sokulwa, ama-hedgehogs aqhweba futhi ahoxe kakhulu, ezama ukwethusa ophikisana naye ngalemisindo. Futhi ngemva kokuba impi isiphelile, onqobayo uchitha amahora enakekela insikazi, efuna umusa wakhe. Ukukhulelwa ku-hedgehog yesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-40 kuye kwezingu-56. Njengesiphephelo ngaphambi kokubeletha, i-hedgehog izimba umgodi ngokwawo, noma isebenzisa izimbobo eziphonswa ngamagundane.
Ngaphakathi komgodi, insikazi ibeka udoti otshanini obomile namaqabunga, futhi vele kulesi sidleke kuzala inzalo yayo. Kudoti, kuzalwa kusukela kwabathathu kuya kwabayisishiyagalombili, kepha imvamisa, amawundlu amane azalwa enqunu, eyimpumputhe, eyisithulu engenazinyo. Kudlula amahora amaningana, futhi isikhumba sezingane sigcwele izinaliti: okokuqala, sithambile futhi asinambala, okuthi kamuva, emini, siqine futhi sibe mnyama. Izinaliti ze-hedgehog zakhiwa ngokuphelele ngosuku lweshumi nanhlanu lokuphila, okungukuthi, cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho zithola amandla okubona nokuzwa.
Insikazi yondla amawundlu ayo ngobisi isikhathi esingangenyanga futhi sonke lesi sikhathi iyazivikela ekuqaphelweni kwangaphandle. Uma othile noma kunjalo ethola umgodi, i-hedgehog idlulisela inzalo yayo kwenye indawo ephephile. Izingane zakhe zikwazi ukuzimela ezinyangeni ezimbili, futhi ekugcineni zishiye isidleke sazo sangokwindla ngasekupheleni kokwindla. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kuma-hedgehogs kwenzeka ngonyaka owodwa, bese bekwazi ukuzala kabusha.
Izitha zemvelo
Endle, ama-hedgehogs anezitha eziningi, ngisho nezinaliti ezingasindisi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Iqiniso ngukuthi ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ziye zafunda ukuzingela ngempumelelo ama-hedgehogs, ngokucindezela isilwane esinameva emanzini, ngenxa yalokho aphoqeleka ukuba siphenduke, futhi lapho i-hedgehog ikwenza lokhu, bayayithatha ngokushesha. Futhi izinyoni ezidla inyama aziwesabi ameva e-hedgehog noma kunjalo: phela isikhumba sezidladla zabo sinzima kakhulu ukuthi izinaliti ze-hedgehog zingabalimazi.
Okubalulekile! Kuma-hedgehogs ahlala eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu, izinja zingadala ingozi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezizinhlobo ezinkulu, ezinzulu ezifana neRottweiler noma iBull Terriers, kanye namaphakethe ezinja eziphambukayo.
Sekukonke, lezi zilwane ezilandelayo ziphakathi kwezilwane ezizingela ama-hedgehogs: izimpungushe, izimpisi, ama-badger, ama-ferrets, izinyoni ezidla inyama, ikakhulukazi, izikhova nezikhova zokhozi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Njengamanje, cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs, ngaphandle kwamaShayina, zinikezwe isimo "sokubangela ukukhathazeka okuncane." I-hedgehog yase-China ihlukaniswa "njengezinhlobo ezisengozini" Ngokuqondene nenombolo, izinhlobo eziningi zama-hedgehogs ziyizinhlobo ezichumayo, ngakho-ke akukho lutho olusongela inhlalakahle yazo njengamanje. Ngisho neqiniso lokuthi eziningi zalezi zilwane endle zifa kuzipho zezilwane ezidla ezinye noma ngoba zingakwazanga ukubekezelela ukulala ubuthongo ngeke kuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwenani lama-hedgehogs.
Ama-Hedgehogs awajabulisi ukutadisha kuphela, kepha futhi nezilwane eziwusizo kakhulu ezibhubhisa izinambuzane zezingadi, izingadi zemifino, amasimu namahlathi. Zivame ukuhlala eduze kakhulu nomuntu, ngokwesibonelo, ezindlini zokuhlala zasehlobo. Lezi zilwane ezinameva zenza okuhle okuningi, zibhubhisa amacimbi, ama-slugs nezinye izinambuzane, futhi, uma kungenxa yalesi sizathu nje, zifanele ukuphathwa ngenhlonipho. Lapho uhlangana ne-hedgehog, asikho isidingo sokuzama ukuyibamba bese uyifaka ehokweni: kungcono ukumane unikeze isilwane esinameva ithuba lokuqhubeka nokwenza ibhizinisi laso, ngaphandle kokusixakekisa futhi nangaphandle kokuzama ukusibamba.
