Isidalwa semvelo esimangalisayo, esibizwa njengehlaya likaNkulunkulu - khuzani... Ngokomfanekiso, ngemuva kokudala umhlaba wezilwane, iNkosi yaqoqa izinsalela zezinto zokwakha, yajoyina uqhwaku lwedada, iqhude lakhipha, umsila we-beaver, uboya be-echidna, nezinye izingxenye. Umphumela uba yisilwane esisha, esihlanganisa izici ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo, ngisho nenhlanzi.
Incazelo nezici
Lesi silwane satholakala e-Australia ngekhulu le-18. Uhlobo olumangalisayo lwesilwane, Incazelo ye-platypus kwaqubula impikiswano yokuthi singabiza kanjani lesi simangaliso semvelo. Abomdabu banikeze amagama amaningana endawo, abahambi baseYurophu baqala ukusebenzisa amagama "idada-imvukuzane", "imvukuzane yamanzi", "inyoni-isilo", kepha igama elithi "platypus" ligcinwe ngokomlando.
Umzimba onemilenze emifushane ubude obungu-30-40 cm, kucatshangelwa umsila ama-cm 55. Isisindo somuntu omdala siyi-2 kg. Abesilisa basinda kakhulu kunabesifazane - bahluka cishe ngesisindo sesithathu sesisindo sabo. Umsila ufana ne-beaver - nezinwele ezondayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Umsila wesilwane ugcina isitolo samafutha. Ijazi lithambile futhi liminyene. Umbala ngemuva unombala onsundu, isisu sinombala obomvu, kwesinye isikhathi sinombala ompunga.
Ikhanda eliyindilinga elinomlomo olengisiwe, liphenduka uqhwaku oluyisicaba olufana nedada. Inobude obungu-6.5 cm nobubanzi obungu-5 cm Isakhiwo sithambile, simbozwe isikhumba esinwebekayo. Emazingeni alo kunendlala ekhiqiza into enephunga elimnandi.
Phezulu koqhwaku kukhona ikhala, noma kunalokho izindinyana zamakhala. Amehlo, ukuvuleka kokuzwa kusethwe ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ama-auricles awekho. Lapho i-platypus icwiliswa emanzini, ama-valve azo zonke izitho ayavalwa.
Izitho zokuzwa, ezibukwayo, ezithinta indawo zithathelwa indawo uhlobo lwe-electrolocation - ikhono lemvelo lokuthola inyamazane ekudobeni umkhonto ngosizo lwama-electroreceptors.
Ngenkathi yokuzingela, isilwane siqhubeka sihambisa umlomo waso. Umuzwa othuthukile wokuthinta usiza ukuthola izinkambu zikagesi ezibuthakathaka lapho ama-crustaceans ehamba. Platypus - isilwane ihlukile, ngoba yize ama-electroreceptor afanayo atholakala echidna, awabambi iqhaza eliphambili ekutholeni ukudla.
Amazinyo avela kuma-platypus amancane, kepha ayaphela ngokushesha. Endaweni yabo kwakhiwa ipuleti le-keratinized. Izikhwama zezihlathi emlonyeni okhulisiwe zenzelwe ukugcinwa kokudla. Iminenke, izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans afika lapho.
Izidladla zomhlaba wonke zenzelwe ukubhukuda, ukumba phansi. Ulwelwesi lokubhukuda lwezingaphambili ludlulela ekuhambeni, kepha endaweni esogwini luyaqina ukuze uzipho lube ngaphambili. Izitho zokubhukuda ziguqulwa zibe amathuluzi okumba.
Imilenze yangemuva enezingqimba ezingathuthukisiwe isebenza njengephini lokuqondisa ngenkathi ibhukuda, umsila njengesiqinisi. Emhlabeni, i-platypus ihamba njengesirhubuluzi - imilenze yesilwane isemaceleni omzimba.
I-platypus ingeyasiphi isigaba sezilwane?, akuzange kunqunywe ngokushesha. Ngenkathi yokufunda ucwaningo lomzimba, ososayensi basungula ubukhona bezindlala ezincelisayo kwabesifazane - lokhu kwaba yisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi isidalwa esiyingqayizivele esesilwane esincelisayo.
Indlela umzimba osebenzisa ngayo umzimba iyamangalisa futhi. Ukushisa komzimba kungu-32 ° C. kuphela Kepha echibini elibandayo, ku-5 ° C, ngenxa yokuqina kaningi kwezinqubo ze-metabolic, isilwane sigcina ukushisa komzimba okujwayelekile.
I-platypus inokuvikela okuthembekile - amathe anobuthi. Lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba ngokuvamile isilwane simaxhaphetshu, sisengozini yesitha. Ubuthi buyabulala izilwane ezincane ezifana nenja yedingo. Ngokufa komuntu, umthamo mncane kakhulu, kepha ubuhlungu, ubanga i-edema isikhathi eside.
Ubuthi obusesilwaneni bukhiqizwa yindlala ethangeni, idlulele ezihlathini ezinemilenze yangemuva. Isitho sokuvikela sihlinzekelwa abesilisa kuphela; ama-spurs abesifazane ayanyamalala ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. AmaSpurs ayadingeka kwabesilisa ezimpini zokukhwelana, ukuvikelwa ezitheni.
Ngakho-ke, ukubamba izilwane, izinja zathunyelwa, ezazifuna ama-platypus hhayi kuphela emhlabeni kepha nasemanzini. Kodwa ngemuva komjovo onobuthi, abazingeli bafa. Ngakho-ke, zimbalwa izitha zemvelo zeplatypus. Kungaba isisulu sengwe yasolwandle, ukuqapha isibankwa, i-python, ekhasa emgodini wesilwane.
Izinhlobo
Ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, kanye nezinyoka, iqembu lama-monotremes limele khuzani. Iqembu lani lezilwane ngokwezici zalesi silwane esincelisayo, akuzange kukhonjwe ngokushesha. Isilwane esiyingqayizivele sabalwa phakathi komndeni we-platypus, lapho kungukuphela kommeleli. Ngisho nezihlobo eziseduze ze-platypus azifani kangako.
Ngesisekelo se-oviposition, kukhona ukufana nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Kepha umehluko omkhulu endleleni yobisi yokondla inzalo yanikeza isizathu sokuhlukanisa i-platypus esigabeni sama-mammalian.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Abantu basePlatypus bahlala e-Australia, eziqhingini zaseTasmania, eKunguru ogwini oluseningizimu yezwekazi. Indawo enkulu yokusatshalaliswa kusuka eTasmania kuya eQueesland manje iyancipha. Isilwane sanyamalala ngokuphelele ezifundeni zaseNingizimu Australia ngenxa yokungcola kwamanzi endawo.
I-Platypus e-Australia ihlala emizimbeni ehlukahlukene yemvelo yemvelo, izindawo ezisogwini zemifula esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Indawo yezilwane ingamanzi ahlanzekile anezinga lokushisa elingama-25-30 ° C. Ama-Platypuses agwema imizimba yamanzi enamanzi, ayazwela ekungcoleni okuhlukahlukene.
Isilwane siyabhukuda futhi sitshuze kahle. Ukuntywila emanzini kuthatha imizuzu engama-5. Hlala echibini kufika emahoreni ayi-12 ngosuku. I-platypus izwa kamnandi emaxhaphozini, emachibini, imifudlana enezintaba eziphakeme, imifula efudumele eshisayo.
Indlela yokuphila yasemanzini ihambisana nesayithi eliyintandokazi - ichibi elinomsinga othule phakathi kwamahlathi asebhange aphakanyisiwe. Indawo yokuhlala enhle emfuleni ozolile onqamula ehlathini.
Umsebenzi owandisiwe uzibonakalisa ebusuku, kusihlwa nakusihlwa. Lesi yisikhathi sokuzingela, ngoba isidingo sokugcwaliswa kwansuku zonke kokudla sifinyelela engxenyeni yesisindo sesilwane uqobo. Emini, izilwane ziyalala. I-platypus ifuna inyamazane, ijika amatshe ngoqhwaku lwayo noma ngezidladla, ivuse uquqaba olunodaka ukusuka ezansi.
Umgodi wesilwane, oqonde ngqo, ongafika kumamitha ayi-10 ubude, uyisiphephelo esikhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwephaseji engaphansi komhlaba kuhlinzekela igumbi langaphakathi lokuphumula nokuzala inzalo, ukuphuma okumbili. Enye itholakala ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, emahlathini aminyene ukuphakama okungafika ku-3.6 m ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi, enye ngokuqinisekile isendaweni yokujula kwedamu. Umhubhe wokungena wenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuvula okuncane ukuze kungangeni manzi ezinweleni ze-platypus.
Ebusika, izilwane zilala ubusuku bonke izinsuku ezingama-5-10 ngoJulayi. Isikhathi siwela ngaphambi kwesikhathi sonyaka wokuzala. Inani le-hibernation alikasungulwa ngokuthembekile. Kungenzeka ukuthi lesi yisidingo sama-platypus wokuqongelela amandla abalulekile ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Iziphephelo zase-Australia ziboshelwe endaweni yazo yokuhlala, azihlali kude nendawo yazo yokuhlala. Izilwane zihlala zodwa, azenzi ukuxhumana nomphakathi. Ochwepheshe bazibiza ngokuthi izidalwa zakudala, ezinganakwa kunoma ibuphi ubuhlakani.
Kuthuthukiswe ukuqapha okukhulu. Ezindaweni lapho zingaphazanyiswa khona, ama-platypus asondela emikhawulweni yedolobha.
Kwake kwaqothulwa ama-platypuses ngenxa yoboya bawo obuhle, kodwa le nto yokudoba yavinjelwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Abantu bancipha, futhi indawo yaba yi-mosaic. Abantu base-Australia basebenzela ukuvikela ama-platypus ezinqolobaneni. Ubunzima bukhonjiswa ekufuduselweni kwezilwane ngenxa yokwanda kwazo ukwesaba, ukujabula.
Ukuzalisa ukuthunjwa akuphumelelanga. Kunzima ukuthola isilwane esincelisayo esiphazamisayo kakhulu kune- i-platypus - yisiphi isilwane ukwazi ukushiya umgodi ngenxa yomsindo ongajwayelekile? Izwi elingajwayelekile lama-platypus, ukudlidliza, likhipha izilwane esigqi sokuphila esisungulwe izinsuku ezimbalwa, kwesinye isikhathi amasonto.
Ukuzalanisa onogwaja e-Australia kulethe ingozi enkulu kubantu base-platypus. Ukumba izimbobo ngonogwaja kuphazamise izilwane ezizwelayo, kubenze bashiye izindawo zabo ezijwayelekile. Ingcuphe yokuqothulwa ngenxa yezici zezilwane ezincelisayo iphezulu. Ukuzingela akuvunyelwe, kepha ukuguqula indawo yokuhlala kunomthelela omubi ekugcineni kwe-platypus.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwalesi silwane esimangalisayo kufaka izinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukene: izilwane ezincane zasemanzini, izikelemu, izibungu, onoshobishobi, ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans. I-platypus inyakazisa phansi ngezidladla zayo, ngomlomo wayo - icosha izilwane eziphakanyisiwe ezikhwameni zezihlathi. Ngaphezu kwabakhileyo abahlala echibini, izimila zasemanzini nazo zifika lapho.
Emhlabeni, yonke inyamazane ihlikihlwa ngemihlathi enama-horny. Ngokuvamile, i-platypus, engathobekile ekudleni, idinga kuphela inani elanele lokudla. Ungumbhukudi omuhle kakhulu, okwazi ukuqoqa inani elidingekayo lezinto ezidliwayo ngenxa ye-electrolocation, ngejubane nokuhamba kahle.
Ubudlova obukhethekile bubonwa kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuncelisa. Kunezibonelo ezaziwayo lapho i-platypus yesifazane idla ivolumu yokudla okulingana nesisindo sayo ngosuku.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Uhlelo lokuzala lwabesilisa aluhlukile ezilwaneni ezincelisayo zakudala, kuyilapho owesifazane esondelene nezinyoni noma izilwane ezihuquzelayo ekusebenzeni kwamaqanda. Isikhathi sokuzalisa ngemuva kokulala ubusika obufushane kuqala kusukela ngo-Agasti kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba.
Indoda kufanele ilume umsila wayo ukuze idonse ukunakwa kwesifazane. Izilwane zihamba zizungeze komunye wemicikilisho emine yokuqomisana, kube sengathi zibukisisa, bese ziyakhwelana. Abesilisa banesithembu, ababenzi ngababili abazinzile.
Owesifazane ubambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni komgodi wokuzala. Owesilisa uyasuswa ekuhlelweni kwesidleke futhi anakekele inzalo. Umgodi uhlukile endaweni yokukhosela ejwayelekile ngobude bayo obude, ubukhona begumbi lokudlela. Insikazi iletha okokusebenza kokwakha isidleke ngomsila oboshwe esiswini - lezi yiziqu, amaqabunga. Kusuka emanzini nasezihambeleni ezingamenyiwe, umnyango uvinjelwe ngamaplagi obumba awu-15-20 cm ubukhulu. Ukuqunjelwa kwenziwa ngosizo lomsila, olusetshenziswa yiplatypus njengetulo.
Amaqanda avela emavikini amabili ngemuva kokukhwelana, imvamisa izingcezu ezi-1-3. Ngokubukeka kwazo, zifana nokwakhiwa kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo - negobolondo elikhanyayo lesikhumba, elingaba ngu-1 cm ububanzi. Umswakama oqhubekayo esidlekeni awuvumeli ukuthi amaqanda abekelwe ukuba omile.
Zixhunywe komunye nomunye ngento enamathelayo. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-10. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesifazane ulele eduzane, cishe akaze ashiye umgodi.
Amawundlu ahlaba igobolondo ngezinyo, eliwayo, libonakala linqunu, liyimpumputhe, lingaba ngu-2,5 cm ubude.Owesifazane uthatha imvuthu echanyuselwe iye esiswini. Ubisi luphuma ngezimbobo zesisu, izingane ziyalukhotha. Ubisi buhlala izinyanga ezine. Amehlo avuleka ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-11.
Ezinyangeni eziyi-3-4, amawundlu enza ama-forays awo okuqala aphuma emgodini. Ngesikhathi sokondla inzalo, insikazi kwesinye isikhathi iyahamba iye kozingela, ivale umgodi ngegoda lomhlabathi. Ama-Platypuses azimela ngokuphelele futhi avuthwe ngokocansi ngonyaka ongu-1. Impilo yezilwane ezimangalisayo emvelweni ayikaze ifundwe ngokwanele. Ezinqolobaneni, kuhlala cishe iminyaka eyi-10.
Izazi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo azikayixazululi le mfumbe ngegama platypus yisiphi isilwane phambi kwakhe esigabeni sokuthuthuka kwentuthuko. Kunokudideka okuphelele kulolu daba. I-Platypus esithombeni kwenza umbono wethoyizi elihlekisayo, kodwa empilweni umangaza ongoti nakakhulu, okufakazela ukuba kwakhe uqobo ukuthi imvelo yethu igcina izimfihlo eziningi.
