Izindawo ezisezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba zigcwele utshani, kanye nezihlahla nezihlahlana ezingavamile ukusabalala. Ukwehlukaniswa okucijile konyaka kube yizikhathi zemvula nezinkathi ezomile, ezijwayelekile zesimo sezulu esingaphansi komhlaba, yizimo ezilungile empilweni yezilwane eziningi. Izindawo eziningi ze-savannah zikulungele ukufuya, kepha izilwane zasendle zanyamalala ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, i-savannah yase-Afrika isenamapaki amakhulu kazwelonke anezilwane ezijwayele ukuhlala ezindaweni ezomile.
Izilwane ezincelisayo
Izilwane eziseSavana kuyinto eyingqayizivele. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamakholoni amhlophe kulezi zindawo, umuntu angahlangana lapha imihlambi eminingi yezimila ezinkulu, ezenza ushintsho ekufuneni izindawo zokunisela. Izilwane ezahlukahlukene zazilandela imihlambi enjalo, bese kuthi abadliwayo abavamile bawe. Namuhla, endaweni eyi-savanna kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi amane zezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke.
Indlulamithi
Ngenxa yomusa wayo wemvelo nentamo ende ehlaba umxhwele, indlulamithi (Giraffidae) isiphenduke umhlobiso wangempela we-savannah, abatholi abayithatha njengesiphambano esiphakathi kwengwe nekamela. Ukukhula kwabantu abadala abavuthiwe ngokobulili kuyahlukahluka, njengokujwayelekile, ebangeni le-5.5-6.1 m, ingxenye eyodwa kokuthathu ewela entanyeni. Ngaphezu kwentamo engavamile, izindlulamithi zinolimi, ubude bazo obufinyelela ku-44-45 cm.Ukudla kwalesi silwane se-savannah kuvezwa ikakhulukazi ngamahlamvu aluhlaza ezihlahla.
Indlovu kaBush
Isilwane esincelisayo somhlaba esikhulu kunazo zonke esikhona namuhla, esingezinhlobo zezindlovu zase-Afrika kanye nokuhleleka kwe-proboscis. Izindlovu zasehlathini (i-Loxodonta africana) zihlukaniswa ngumzimba osindayo futhi omkhulu kakhulu, izitho eziwugqinsi, ikhanda elikhulu elibekwe entanyeni emfushane, izindlebe ezinkulu, kanye nesiqu semisipha neside, izigaxa ezingaphezulu ezingavamile kakhulu, eziguquke zaba yizimpondo eziqinile.
ICaracal
Ugwadule, noma i-steppe lynx (iCaracal caracal) isilwane esincelisayo esidla ezinye. Njengoba sinomzimba omncane, isilwane sihlukaniswa ngezindlebe ezinezinsipho emaphethelweni futhi sinebhulashi elithuthukile loboya obumahhadla ezincekwini zalo, okwenza kube lula ukuhambisa ngisho nasesihlabathini esijulile. Umbala woboya uyafana ne-cougar yaseNyakatho Melika, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izidumbu ezincanyana, ezibonakala ngombala omnyama, zitholakala endaweni yazo yemvelo.
IBig kudu
I-African Kudu antelope (iTragelaphus strepsiceros) ingummeleli we-savannah womndeni wezinkunzi. Ijazi ngokuvamile linemivimbo emi mpo engu-6-10. Lesi silwane sinezindlebe ezinde eziyindilinga nomsila omude ngokwedlulele. Eziduna zinezimpondo ezinkulu nezisikiwe kuze kube yimitha ubude. Ngokubukeka, i-kudu enkulu ingadideka kalula ne-nyala ehambisanayo, izindawo zayo zemvelo njengamanje ezigqagqene kancane.
I-Gazelle Grant
Omunye wabamele i-savannah emindenini eyiqiniso yinyamazane yeGrant (Gazella granti). Isilwane sinokuhlukahluka okuphezulu kofuzo phakathi kwabantu ngokwesizinda sokungabikho kokuhlukaniswa kwendawo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo, kungenzeka kakhulu, kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda okuningi nokuncipha kwezindawo ezomile ngokuhlukaniswa okuphelele kwabantu bezinombolo ezahlukahlukene nezimpawu zangaphandle. Namuhla, ama-subspecies ahlukile ngezici ze-morphological, kufaka phakathi ukuma kwezimpondo nombala wesikhumba.
Inja yezimpisi
Inja ye-Hyena (i-Lycaon pictus) iyisidalwa esincelisayo se-canine futhi ukuphela kwezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Lycaon ezizobizwa ngegama likankulunkulu wamaGrikhi. Lesi silwane sibonakala ngengubo emfushane enombala obomvu, onsundu, omnyama, ophuzi futhi omhlophe onombala owehlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Izindlebe zinkulu kakhulu futhi ziyindilinga ngokuma. Isifonyo sezinja ezinjalo sifushane, sinemihlathi enamandla, futhi izitho ziqinile, zenzelwe ngokuphelele ukujaha.
Obhejane
Isilwane esincelisayo se-equid bark somndeni omkhulu kakhulu wobhejane (Rhinocerotidae). I-pachyderm yasemhlabeni inekhanda elide futhi elincanyana elinendawo eyehla kakhulu engaphambili. Obhejane abadala bahlukaniswa ngumzimba omkhulu futhi imilenze emifushane, enamandla futhi ejiyile, ngayinye enezinzwane ezintathu, okuphela ngezimpawu ezinsundu.
Ibhubesi
Isidlakela esiyinhloko se-savannah (i-Panthera leo) yisilwane esincelisayo esikhulu ngokwedlulele, esimele uhlobo lohlobo lwama-panther nomndeni omncane wamakati amakhulu. Ukuba yingqwele ngokuya kokuphakama emahlombe phakathi kwama-feline, ibhubesi libonakala nge-dimorphism yezocansi eyaziwayo kanye nokuba khona kwe-fluffy tuft - "ibhulashi" ekugcineni komsila. Imane libukeka likwazi ukukhulisa amabhubesi amadala ngosayizi, okusiza izilwane ukwesabisa amanye amaduna avuthiwe ngokocansi futhi zihehe kalula abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi.
Inyathi yase-Afrika
IBuffalo (iSyncerus caffer) yisilwane esasakazeka yonke indawo e-Afrika, imele imindeni emincane futhi ingenye yezinkunzi ezinkulu zanamuhla. Enkulu enempandla imbozwe ngoboya obuncane futhi obumnyama obumnyama noma obumnyama, obuncane ngokubonakalayo ngeminyaka kuze kuvele imibuthano emhlophe. Inyathi inomthethosisekelo ominyene nonamandla, inezinselo ezingaphambili ezibanzi nomsila omude onebhulashi lezinwele ekugcineni.
Ingulube
I-African warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) imele umndeni wezingulube kanye ne-artiodactyl oda, ehlala engxenyeni ebalulekile ye-Afrika. Ngokubukeka, isilwane sifana nengulube yasendle, kepha yehlukile enhloko ethambile futhi enkulu kakhulu. Isilo sasendle sinamafutha ayisithupha angabonakali kahle angaphansi kwesikhumba afana nezinsumpa, atholakala ngokulingana eceleni komngcele wesifonyo, embozwe ngesikhumba esimpunga.
Izinyoni
Imvelo yemvelo ye-savannah ilungele izinyoni ezidla inyama kufaka phakathi oklebe nama-buzzards. Kuse-savannah lapho abamele abakhulu kunabo bonke bezilwane ezinezimpaphe - intshe yase-Afrika - etholakala namuhla.
Intshe yase-Afrika
Inyoni engavumi ukundiza evela emndenini wezintshe kanye nokuhleleka kwezintshe inezinzwani ezimbili kuphela emilenzeni engezansi, okuhlukile esigabeni sezinyoni. Intshe inamehlo azwakalayo nalawo makhulu, anezinhlaka ezinde kakhulu, kanye ne-pectoral callus. Abantu abadala abanomthethosisekelo ominyene bahlukile ekukhuleni kuze kufike ku-250-270 cm, futhi babonakala ngobuningi obuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu, okuvame ukufika ku-150-160 kg.
Abeluki
Abeluki (Ploceidae) bangabamele umndeni wezinyoni ovela ku-oda labantu abadlulayo. Izinyoni ezindala ezinesisindo esiphakathi zinekhanda eliyindilinga nelikhulu. Abanye abeluki banesici esithile ekhakhayini. Uqhwaku lwenyoni luyindilinga futhi lufushane, kunalokho lubukhali. Kunemihosha emithathu yobude kulwanga, exhunywe ngemuva. Izimpiko zifushane, ziyindilinga, futhi ezedoda ziyehluka ngobukhulu besifazane futhi kwesinye isikhathi zinombala wezimpaphe.
Izinyoni zaseGuinea
Izinhlobo zohlobo lweNumida kuphela ezifuywa ngabantu. Ama-savanna anezimpaphe anjalo ahlukaniswa ngokuba khona kophiko olumise okwempondo esifundeni somqhele nentshebe ebomvu enamanzi. Le nyoni ibonakala ngoqhwaku oluxhunywe kancane futhi olucindezelwe kamuva olunobukhulu obulinganiselayo, kanye nokuba khona kwamaphiko ayindilinga nomsila omfushane, embozwe izimpaphe ezimbozayo. Izimpaphe ziyisidina, zimpunga emnyama, zinamabala amhlophe ayindilinga ngomngcele omnyama.
Unobhala nyoni
Inyoni engunobhala izinyoni ezinjengoklebe (Sagittarius serpentarius), ezihlukaniswa nezimpaphe ezimnyama ekhanda, ezikhuphuka ngobuningi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Umbala wezimpaphe entanyeni nasesiswini u mpunga, uba mnyama njengoba usondela emsileni. Azikho izimpaphe ezungeze amehlo kuze kufike emlonyeni, futhi isikhumba esiwolintshi sibonakala kahle. Isilinganiso sephiko lomuntu omdala singamasentimitha angama-200-210. Izinyoni zichitha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi zihamba ngokukhulu ukushesha emhlabathini.
Amagwababa izimpondo
Izinyoni zase-Afrika (Bucorvus) zisemhlabeni. Usayizi omkhulu kakhulu namalungu asindayo omndeni anamaphiko cishe amamitha amabili. Usayizi womzimba womuntu omdala ucishe ube imitha elilodwa. Umhlali we-savanna yase-Afrika ubonakala ngezimpaphe ezimnyama nokuba khona kwesikhumba esibomvu esikhanyayo ekhanda nasentanyeni. Ezinganeni, uqhwaku lumnyama, luqonde, alunaso isigqoko sokuzivikela, esithuthukiswe kahle kwabesilisa abadala.
Ukuphelelwa amandla kwe-Spur
Inyoni eyi-savanna encane (Vanellus spinosus) ubude bayo bungu-25-27 cm. Indawo yekhanda nesifuba yalezi zinyoni inezimpaphe ezimnyama nomhlophe. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba inesihlabathi noma nsundu ngombala. Imilenze yempuphu eminyene imnyama, ibonakala ngokugqamile ngenkathi indiza ngaphezulu komsila. Indiza iyefana neyokuphelelwa isikhathi - kunalokho ihamba kancane futhi iqaphe kakhulu.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane eziphila nasemanzini
Izindawo ezingama-savanna nezindawo eziwugwadule ziyikhaya lezihuquzeli eziningi nezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini. I-biotope ijwayelekile kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinamathafa aphakeme nezimo zezulu ezomile. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zisebenza njengokudla okuyinhloko kwezidliwayo eziningi zasendle kanye nezimpaphe. Zimbalwa izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini endaweni yemvelo eyi-savannah, ama-newt kanye nama-salamanders awekho, kepha izinyoka namaxoxo, izimfudu nezibankwa zihlala. Eziningi kunazo zonke ezihuquzelayo yizinyoka.
UVaran Komodsky
Udrako waseKomodos, noma udrako waseKomodo (Varanus komodoensis), angakhula afike kumamitha amathathu noma ngaphezulu ngobude, anesisindo esifinyelela ku-80 kg. Izilwane eziphakemeyo zihlukaniswa ngombala onsundu onsundu, imvamisa enamachashaza amancane aphuzi nezinhlayiya. Isikhumba siqiniswa ngama-osteoderms amancane. Abantu abancane kunabo bonke banebala elihlukile. Amazinyo amakhulu futhi acijile wesigcilikisha sokuqapha aguqulelwe ngokuphelele ekuqhekekeni inyamazane enkulu kakhulu.
UChameleon jackson
Izibankwa zeChameleon zibizwa ngegama lazo (Trioceros jacksonii) ngemuva komhloli wamazwe odumile uFrederick Jackson. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-25-30 cm.I-reptile ezinwabuzelayo ezinkulukazi ibonakala ngombala oluhlaza ogqamile, ongashintsha ube phuzi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuye ngesimo sempilo, imizwa noma izinga lokushisa. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwezimpondo ezintathu ezinsundu kanye nomhlane onqenqema lwesaha.
Ingwenya yeNayile
Isirhubuluzi esikhulu (iCrocodylus niloticus) somndeni wezingwenya weqiniso, singakwazi ukubhekana kalula nezakhamizi ezinamandla kakhulu ze-savannah, kufaka phakathi ubhejane omnyama, imvubu, indlulamithi, inyathi yase-Afrika nengonyama. Ingwenya yeNayile ibonakala ngemilenze emifushane kakhulu, etholakala ezinhlangothini zomzimba, kanye nesikhumba se-scaly, esigcwele imigqa yamapuleti akhethekile wamathambo. Isilwane sinomsila omude oqinile nemihlathi enamandla.
Izikhumba
I-Skinks (Scincidae) inesikhumba esibushelelezi, esifana nesikali senhlanzi. Ikhanda limbozwe izihlangu ezitholakala ngokulingana, ezichazwe ngama-osteoderms. Ukhakhayi luhlukaniswa nemengamo yesikhashana eyakhiwe kahle futhi ebonakalayo. Amehlo anomfundi oyindilinga futhi, njengomthetho, unamajwabu amehlo ahambayo futhi ahlukene. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkemba zibonakala ngokuba khona “kwefasitela” elisobala esibonelweni esingezansi, esivumela isibankwa ukubona kahle izinto ezizungezile ngamehlo avaliwe. Ubude bamalungu ahlukene omndeni buhluka kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-70 cm.
Imfezi yaseGibhithe
Inyoka enobuthi enkulu (Naja haje) evela emndenini we-asp ingesinye sezakhamuzi ezisabalele kakhulu e-savannah yasentshonalanga ye-Afrika. Ubuthi obunamandla obukhiqizwa izinyoka ezindala bungabulala ngisho nomuntu omdala nonamandla, ngenxa yomphumela wayo we-neurotoxic. Ubude bomuntu ovuthiwe bungafinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Umbala imvamisa umbala owodwa: kusuka kokukhanyayo ophuzi kuya konsundu onsundu, ngesisu esikhanyayo ngokwanele.
AmaGeckos
I-Gecko (Gekko) - uhlobo lwezibankwa, olubonakala ezimweni eziningi ngokuba khona kwe-biconcave (amphitic) vertebrae kanye namathambo weparietali abhangqiwe, kanye nokungabikho kwamakhothamo wesikhashana kanye ne-parietal foramen. Indawo yekhanda inikezwa ngeziqu eziningi eziyimbudumbudu noma ezincane ze-polygonal. AmaGeckos anolimi olubanzi olune-notch namaphapira amancane, kanye namehlo amakhulu, angenawo amajwabu amehlo futhi ambozwe ngogobolondo olusobala ngokuphelele wokuhamba okungahambi.
Amasele omoya
Ama-amphibians angenamisila (i-Heleophrynidae) asezingeni eliphakathi nendawo - ebangeni lama-35-65 mm, anemizimba eyisicaba, evumela izilwane ezinjalo ukuthi zicashe kalula emifantwini yamadwala. Amehlo makhulu ngosayizi, anabafundi abaqondile. Ulimi olumise okwediski. Endaweni engemuva, kunamaphethini amelwe ngamabala amakhulu endaweni engemuva eluhlaza okotshani noma okukhanyayo. Izinzwani zexoxo ezinde kakhulu zifakwe izinkomishi ezinkulu ezimise okwe-T ezisiza i-amphibian ibambelele emadwaleni.
Squeaky
Ama-amphibians angenamisila (i-Arthroleptidae) ahlukaniswa yizinhlobonhlobo ze-morphology, ubukhulu bomzimba, nendlela yokuphila. Ubude bamalungu amadala alo mndeni buhluka kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-100 mm. Kukhona futhi amaxoxo okuthiwa anoboya, anama-papillae esikhumba anoboya obude emaceleni ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, okuyisivikelo esengeziwe nohlelo lokuphefumula.
Ufudu olukhuthazayo
Ufudu olukhulu lwasemhlabeni (iGeochelone sulcata) lunobude begobolondo cishe obungu-70-90 cm kanye nesisindo somzimba esingu-60-100 kg. Imilenze yangaphambili inezinzipho ezinhlanu. Igama lesilwane esihuquzelayo esinomgogodla singenxa yobukhona bezinhlamvu ezinkulu zesifazane (izinhlansi ezimbili noma ezintathu emilenzeni yangemuva). Umbala womuntu omdala otshisayo yi-monochromatic, owethulwe ngamathoni ansundu naphuzi.
Inhlanzi
Ama-Savannahs atholakala kumazwekazi amathathu ahlukene, futhi imithombo yamanzi yalezi zindawo icebile kakhulu futhi inesisekelo esikhulu samafula, ngakho-ke umhlaba wezakhamizi zamadamu e-savannah unezici eziningi. Izakhamuzi zasemanzini zivamile eNingizimu Melika, e-Australia naseNdiya, kepha umhlaba wezinhlanzi uhluke kakhulu emifuleni nasemachibini ase-savannah yase-Afrika.
I-Tetraodon miurus
Ohlala eMfuleni iCongo (iTetraodon miurus) ungowomndeni omkhulu kakhulu we-blowfish, noma onamazinyo amane. Abamele amanzi abadlayo nabanolaka bakhetha ukuhlala ezingxenyeni zamanzi eziphansi noma eziphakathi. Inhloko inkulu, ithatha cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zobude bomzimba obuphelele. Emzimbeni kunephethini eyinqaba ngendlela yama-specks ombala omnyama noma onsundu.
Fahaki
I-puffer yase-Afrika (Tetraodon lineatus) ingeyesigaba samanzi abilayo, kanye nezinhlanzi ezihlanjululwe ngamanzi angenasawoti ezivela emndenini we-blowfish naku-oda le-blowfish. AmaFahaki ahlukaniswa ngokwazi kwawo ukuvuvukala abe yisikhwama esikhulu somoya, athole isimo esiyindilinga. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala bungu-41-43 cm, nobunzima obuyikhilogremu elilodwa.
Neolebias
Ama-neolebias ase-Afrika (i-Neolebias) afana ne-tench encane ngokubukeka. Kutholakala ekugcineni kwempumu, umlomo omncane awunawo amazinyo. Isiphetho se-dorsal singunxande kanti i-fin ye-caudal is notched ngokuqinile. Umbala omkhulu wamadoda ubomvu ngokunsundu, emuva kunsundu womnqumo kanti ngaphansi kwawo kuphuzi. Abesifazane abadala babonakala ngombala ongacacile futhi hhayi okhanyayo kakhulu.
Inhlanzi yopholi
I-Scar, noma ama-parrot (i-Scaridae) - abameleli bomndeni wezinhlanzi ezenziwe nge-ray, ezihluke ngezici ezihlukile ze-morphological futhi, njengomthetho, umbala okhanyayo futhi omuhle kakhulu.Izakhamuzi ezinjalo zasemanzini zinegama lazo elingavamile "ngomlomo" oyingqayizivele omelelwe amazinyo amaningi atholakala engxenyeni engaphandle yomhlathi. Ezinye izinhlobo zibonakala ngokuba khona kwama-canine angaphandle noma ama-incisors.
I-Chromis-yinhle
I-cichlid ekhanya kakhulu futhi engajwayelekile (i-Hemichromis bimaculatus) inomzimba ovulekile futhi ophakeme onamacala ayizicaba. Abesifazane banemibala egqamile kunabesilisa, futhi umbala oyinhloko umbala onsundu ngokumpunga. Emzimbeni kunezindawo ezintathu eziyindilinga ezimnyama, futhi kuma-operculums imigqa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yamachashazi akhazimulayo ayabonakala.
Inhlanzi yendlovu
Indlovu yeNayile (Gnathonemus petersii) inesakhiwo somzimba esingajwayelekile futhi icindezelwe ngokusobala ezinhlangothini. Amaphiko ezinqeni awekho, futhi ama-pectorals aphakanyiswe kakhulu. Amaphiko okulinganisa anamasondo amade nalawo asemaceleni atholakala cishe ezansi impela komsila wemfoloko. Indawo yokuxhuma kwe-fin ye-caudal emzimbeni incane kakhulu. Udebe lwangaphansi olumise okwe-proboscis lunikeza inhlanzi ukufana kwangaphandle nendlovu ejwayelekile.
I-catfish kagesi
Inhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti (iMalapterurus electricus) inomzimba ovulekile, kanti izimpondo eziyisithupha zitholakala endaweni yekhanda. Amehlo amancane akhanya ebumnyameni. Umbala uhlukahluka kakhulu: emuva kunsundu onsundu, isisu siphuzi futhi izinhlangothi zinsundu. Kunezindawo eziningi ezimnyama emzimbeni. Amaphiko ezinhlanzi okhalo nezindilinga ezinhlanzi abomvana, kanti umphetho we-caudal ubonakala ngesisekelo esimnyama nokuba khona komphetho obomvu obanzi.
Izicabucabu
Ukwakheka kwe-savanna kufana nezindawo ezingama-steppe ezinezitendi zotshani obuphezulu, ezakha inani elikhulu lezindawo zokuhlala ezihlala ngokuphepha zabamele abaningi be-oda le-arthropods. Osayizi bama-arachnid ahlukene bayahlukahluka ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ebalulekile: kusuka ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa zemilimitha kuye kumasentimitha ayishumi. Izinhlobo eziningi zesicabucabu zingezesigaba esinobuthi futhi zingabantu abahlala ebusuku e-savannah.
Isicabucabu semfene
Isicabucabu esinobuthi (Isikhunta iBaboon), esaziwa nangokuthi i-tarantula yase-Afrika, simele ummndeni omncane we-tarantula osakazeke kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Umhlali we-savanna uhlukaniswa nosayizi wakhe omkhulu ebangeni lama-50-60 mm futhi unezitho ezinde ngokwedlulele (130-150 mm). Umzimba nezitho zalesi sigcawu kubonakaliswa ngokuba khona kwezinwele eziminyene. Umbala wekhava le-chitinous uhlukile futhi uyehluka ngombala ompunga, omnyama nonsundu. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba wesicabucabu sezinsikazi zezinsikazi ezindala inephethini ebonakalayo ehlukahlukene ngesimo samachashaza amnyama amancane, amachashazi nemivimbo.
Isicabucabu iTarantula
Umndeni wesicabucabu (iTheraphosidae) kusuka ku-infraorder migalomorphic ubonakala ngosayizi omkhulu, futhi ubude bemilenze buvame ukudlula u-25-27 cm. Izicabucabu zeTarantula zikwazi ukwenqaba ukudla kuze kube yiminyaka emibili ngaphandle kwesizathu. Onke amalungu omndeni ayayazi indlela yokweluka iwebhu. Ama-arthropods asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ukwenza izindawo zokukhosela, futhi ama-tarantula asemhlabeni aqinisa kahle umhlabathi ngama-cobwebs. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-tarantula ngokufanele abambe irekhodi lokuphila isikhathi eside phakathi kwama-arthropods asemhlabeni.
Izicabucabu ze-Orb-web
Izicabucabu ze-Araneomorphic (Araneidae) zihlelwe zaba izizukulwane eziyi-170 nezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezintathu. Ama-arthropod anjalo ama-arachnids engxenyeni yokuqala yomzimba anezimbambo eziyisithupha zemilenze, kepha ezine kuphela zazo ezisetshenziselwa ukunyakaza. Umbala wezicabucabu ezinjalo uluhlaza okotshani, onsundu, ompunga, omnyama onamachashaza aphuzi, omhlophe noma omnyama nomhlophe. Engxenyeni engezansi yesisu, kunezimbhangqwana ezintathu zezindlala ezikhethekile ze-arachnoid. Iwebhu yezicabucabu ze-orb-web inesakhiwo esingajwayelekile. Lapho kuzingelwa amakhilikithi, amangqamuzana enetha enziwa abe makhulu, kuthi uma kudliwa osayizi abancane, izimbobo ezinjalo kuwebhu elukiwe ziyancipha.
Isicabucabu se-Wolf
Izicabucabu ze-Araneomorphic (i-Lycosidae) zinokwakheka komzimba wakudala: i-cephalothorax, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukubona, ukondleka nokuphefumula, ukwenza imisebenzi ye-locomotor (motor), kanye nomgodi wesisu ophethe izitho zangaphakathi ze-arthropod arachnid. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinhlobo ezincane asidluli izinyanga eziyisithupha. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zifihliwe kahle endaweni yazo yokuhlala, futhi zisebenza njengeziqinisi zemvelo zenani eliphelele lezinambuzane. Umbala ubumnyama kakhulu: mpunga, nsundu noma mnyama. Izinyawo zangaphambili zisetshenziswa ngabesilisa ukukhwelana nokuheha abesifazane.
Isicabucabu sesihlabathi esinamehlo ayisithupha
Esinye sezicabucabu eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni (iSicarius hahni) sihlala phakathi kwezindunduma zesihlabathi esishisayo futhi sizifihla ngaphansi kwamatshe, naphakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla ezimbalwa. Abamele umndeni abahlala endaweni yezwekazi lase-Afrika banoshevu onamandla ukwedlula ozakwabo baseNingizimu Melika. Izicabucabu zesihlabathi ezinamehlo ayisithupha zinombala ophuzi noma onsundu ngokubomvu futhi ngokungacishe zifane nenkalankala ngokubukeka. Izinhlamvu zesihlabathi zinamathela kalula ezinweleni zomzimba ezincane, ezenza isicabucabu sicishe singabonakali lapho singazingela khona.
Izicabucabu ze-Eresid
Izicabucabu ezinkulu ze-araneomorphic (i-Eresidae) zivame ukuba nombala omnyama, zinemigqa emithathu yamehlo, ngemuva kwawo ahlukaniswe kabanzi, kanti ngaphambili kunokubumbana. I-Chelicerae iphuma futhi inkulu. Imilenze iminyene, inama-bristles ambalwa futhi amafushane afihla izinwele ezinyene. Amalungu omndeni ahlala kwizicabucabu kanye nasemigodini yobumba. Ama-arthropods anjalo ahlala emakoloni amakhulu, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zingezesigaba "sezicabucabu zomphakathi".
Izinambuzane
E-biocenoses ye-savannah, njengomthetho, ushintsho lwangaphakathi olujulile noma olubizwa ngenhlekelele alwenzeki. Noma kunjalo, impilo ye-savanna ilawulwa ngokuqinile yizimo zezindawo. Izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezihlanganisa i-savanna ekubunjweni kwazo zifana ncamashi nezilwane zasendle zasendle, ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu, izintuthwane nezinkumbi ziningi, ezizingelwa ngenkuthalo yizo zonke izinhlobo zezicabucabu, ofezela kanye nama-salpugs.
Umuhlwa
Izintuthwane ezimhlophe (Isoptera) zingabameleli be-infraorder yezinambuzane zenhlalo (ezihlobene namaphela), ezibonakala ngokuguqulwa okungaphelele. Abantu abazala esidlekeni bahlanganisa inkosi nendlovukazi, abaphelelwe ngamaphiko, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho namehlo. Umuhlwa osebenzayo esidlekeni sawo uzibandakanya nokuzifunela ukudla nokugcina ukudla, ukunakekela inzalo, nokwenza umsebenzi wokwakha nokulungisa leli koloni. Isigaba esikhethekile sabantu abasebenzayo ngamasosha, abonakala ngokukhethekile okukhethekile kokwakheka nokuziphatha. Izidleke zomuhlwa yizindunduma zomuhlwa ezibonakala njengeziduli ezinkulu kakhulu ezikhuphuka ngaphezu komhlaba. "Indlu" enjalo isebenza njengesivikelo esithembekile somuhlwa ezitheni zemvelo, ukushisa nokoma.
Ofezela
Ama-arthropods (Scorpiones) angaphansi kwesigaba sama-arachnids, okuyizinhlobo zomhlaba kuphela ezihlala emazweni ashisayo. Umzimba we-arthropod umelelwa yi-cephalothorax encane nesisu eside, esigcwele igobolondo le-chitinous. Izilwane ezi-viviparous "zinomsila" ohlangene onengqamuzana lendunu eligcina ngenaliti enobuthi enezindlala ezi-oval. Usayizi wenaliti nokuma kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Ngenxa yokuncipha kwemisipha, imfihlo enobuthi ifihlwa yizindlala. Emini, ofezela bacasha ngaphansi kwamatshe noma emifantwini yamatshe, kuthi kusihlwa, izilwane ziyaphuma ziyofuna inyamazane.
Isikhonyane
I-Akrida (Acrididae) - abamele izinhlobo eziningana zezinambuzane zomndeni wesikhonyane seqiniso. Ubude bomzimba wesikhonyane esidala buyehlukahluka phakathi kuka-10-60 mm, kepha abantu abakhulu kakhulu bavame ukufika ku-18-20 cm ngosayizi.Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesikhonyane nezinyendle kanye nentethe yibude bezimpondo. Nsuku zonke inkumbi eyodwa endala idla inani elithile lokudla kwezitshalo, okufana nesisindo salesi sinambuzane. Izikole ze-acrid, ezibandakanya abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane, ziyakwazi ukwakha "amafu" noma "amafu endizayo" anendawo efinyelela ku-1000 km2... Isikhathi sokuphila kwesikhonyane asidluli eminyakeni emibili.
Izintuthwane
Umndeni wezinambuzane zenhlalo (iFormicidae) ovela entuthwaneni enkulu kakhulu kanye ne-oda Hymenoptera. Lezi zinhlaka ezintathu zimelwe ngabesifazane, abesilisa nabasebenzi. Abesifazane nabesilisa banamaphiko, kanti abasebenzi abanawo amaphiko. Izintuthwane ze-Nomad ziyakwazi ukufuduka zihambe ibanga elide emndenini omkhulu futhi zenze indlela eyodwa ekhukhula konke okusendleleni yayo. Amakholoni amakhulu ahlukaniswa ngabamele izinhlobo zase-Afrika uDorylus wilverthi, afinyelela kubantu abayizigidi ezingamashumi amabili.
Zizula hylax
Izinhlobo zezimvemvane ezihamba isikhathi zomndeni we-bluebirds zifaka izinhlobo ezimbalwa: iZizula hylax attenuata (ama-savanna ase-Australia) neZizula hylax hylax (ama-savanna ase-Afrika). ILepidoptera, encane ngosayizi, ayikhanyi kakhulu ngombala. Abantu abadala banamaphiko aphakathi nendawo aguquguqukayo angama-17-21 mm (abesilisa) no-18-25 mm (abesifazane).
Omiyane
Izinambuzane ze-Diptera ezinamanzi amaningi (i-Phlebotominae) ezisuka enkingeni ye-midge zinemilenze emide kunaleyo ne-proboscis. Umehluko phakathi komiyane ukuphakamisa amaphiko ngenhla kwesisu lapho uphumule. Umzimba umbozwe izinwele eziningi, hhayi ezinkulu kakhulu. Izinambuzane ezindiza kabi kakhulu zivame ukuhamba ngokugxuma okufushane, futhi ijubane lokundiza lomiyane, njengomthetho, alidluli kumamitha ayi-3-4 ngomzuzwana.
