Emhlabeni wezinambuzane, uvemvane lwe-monarch lunencazelo - amakhosi. Igama eligcwele elithi Danaida-monarch livela emvelaphi yobukhosi. Izinganekwane zasendulo zithi indodana enamandla yaseGibhithe yayinegama elithi Danai, yingakho igama lesinambuzane. Uhlobo lwesibili lwegama lanikezwa uvemvane nguSamuel Skudder ngo-1874, ethembele ekubukekeni kwalo okukhulu nasekuthinjweni kwezindawo ezinkulu zokuhlala.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo uvemvane lwe-monarch
INgonyama ihamba amabanga amade iye emazweni afudumele ngezikhathi zobusika. Esinye sezici zezinambuzane ukungabekezelelani ngenkathi ebandayo, futhi ukudla okudliwayo akukhuli ebusika emazweni akhona endabuko.
Monarch uvemvane kusuka kuhlobo lwe-Danaids, olungolomndeni we-nymphalid. Isikhathi eside, uhlobo lwe-Danaids lwahlukaniswa lwaba ama-subgenera amathathu, akhohliwe esikhathini sethu, futhi namuhla zonke izimvemvane eziyi-12 zivela kuhlobo olufanayo. Ngokuphathelene incazelo ye-monarch butterfly kwesinye isikhathi kwehlukile.
Amaphiko asesimweni eseluliwe sovemvane makhulu (amasentimitha ayi-8-10). Kodwa hhayi ubukhulu bodwa obumangazayo, kepha ukwakheka kwephiko, elinamaseli ayizigidi eziyi-1.5, kuyamangalisa, futhi amagwebu atholakala kuwo.
Umbala wezimpiko uhlukile, kepha amathoni abomvu ansundu aphakeme kunamanye, acebile futhi maningi. Kunamaphethini apendwe ngemivimbo ephuzi, kanti amathiphu ephiko lamaphiko angaphambili amakwe ngamachashazi awolintshi, emaphethelweni amaphiko azungezwe ngendwangu emnyama. Izinsikazi zovemvane ziyehluka kwezeduna ezinamaphiko azo amnyama namancane.
INyakatho Melika inesibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke kulezi zinambuzane ezinhle. Kepha ngenxa ye- ukufuduka kovemvane ingatholakala ngisho nase-Afrika nase-Australia, eSweden naseSpain. Ngekhulu le-19, ukuvela kwesinambuzane eNew Zealand kwaphawulwa. Izimvemvane zavakashela iYurophu kakhulu eMadeira naseCanary Islands, uvemvane lwafudukela eRussia ngempumelelo.
Bebona ukundiza kwezimvemvane, ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi ngo-Agasti bashiya iNyakatho Melika baqonde eningizimu. Indiza yenziwa ngezinsika, zibizwa nangokuthi "amafu".
Esithombeni, ukufuduka kwezimvemvane ze-monarch ziye emazweni afudumele
Uma indawo okuhlala kuyo inkosi iseduze nenyakatho, ukufuduka kuqala entwasahlobo. Insikazi esesimeni sayo ifuduka nayo yonke enye, ayizaleli amaqanda, kodwa iwagcina ngaphakathi kuyo ngesikhathi indiza, futhi izalela endaweni entsha kuphela. EMexico, iMariposa Manarca Nature Reserve isungule izimvemvane, futhi akuyona yodwa lapho i-monarch butterfly ihlala.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila kovemvane i-monarch
I-Danaida Monarch iyayithanda imfudumalo, uma ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa kwenzeka emvelweni, izingqimba ezibandayo ziza ngokuzumayo, bese kuvela izimvemvane. Ngokuya ngobubanzi bezindiza, bakala kuqala, bandizela emazweni afudumele, bakulungele ukumboza amakhilomitha angama-4000 ngejubane lama-35 km / h. Amacimbi awazesabi izilwane ezidla ezinye ngenxa yombala wazo.
Imivimbo ephuzi, emhlophe futhi emnyama isho ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ukuba khona kobuhlungu. Ngemuva kokuphila izinsuku ezingama-42, isibungu sidla ukudla okuphindwe kayizi-15,000 kunesisindo saso, futhi sikhule size sifinyelele kumasentimitha ayisikhombisa. Isibungu esidala "umama" sibekela amaqanda emaqabungeni oboya.
Esithombeni kukhona isibungu novemvane i-monarch
Ziyizidlo eziyinhloko zovemvane ekudleni, ijusi lalesi sitshalo liqukethe inani elikhulu lama-glycosides. Njengoba sezinezinto ezinqwabelene, zidlulela emzimbeni wesinambuzane.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, amakhosi azama ukuphuza umpe omkhulu. Ushukela ube usuguqulwa ube ngamafutha, abalulekile ekuhambeni. Futhi izimvemvane ziyaqhubeka nohambo.
Lapho indawo yasebusika ifinyelelwa, izimvemvane zilala izinyanga ezine. I-monarch butterfly esithombeni ngesikhathi sobusika kubonakala kungacaci ngokuphelele. Futhi ngenxa yesizathu sokuthi izimvemvane zilale emakoloni aqinile, ukugcina ukushisa, zinamathela emagatsheni akhipha ujusi olunobisi.
Zilenga ezihlahleni, njengezixhumi ze-rowan noma amagilebhisi. Kunezikhathi lapho iSilo sindiza izikhathi eziningana ezinyangeni ezine ukuthola umpe namanzi. Into yokuqala izimvemvane eziyenzayo ngemuva kokulala ubusika ukusabalalisa amaphiko azo nokuwashaya ukuze afudumale endizeni ezayo.
Ukudla kovemvane iMonarch
Ukudla kwevemvane iMonarch izitshalo ezikhiqiza ubisi olunobisi. Amacimbi adla ijusi elinobisi kuphela. Ekudleni kwamakhosi amadala, umpe wezimbali nezitshalo: i-lilac, isanqante, i-aster, i-clover, i-goldenrod nezinye.
Ubumnandi obuningi kakhulu benkosi uboya bekotini. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kukhuliswe uboya bekotini ezingadini eziphakathi kwezihlahla, emibhedeni yezimbali zedolobha, ezingadini ezingaphambili zezakhiwo ezizimele zezindlu.
Lesi sitshalo sinokubukeka okukhangayo futhi akusona nje isifiso sovemvane, kodwa futhi sihlobisa igceke noma umbhede wezimbali. Lesi sitshalo singafika kumamitha amabili ukuphakama, amaqabunga neziqu kuqukethe ujusi onobisi, onomthelela ekukhuleni nasekuzalelweni kwenkosi iDanaid.
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo kovemvane i-monarch
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sezimvemvane siqala entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokundizela emazweni afudumele. Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokukhwelana, kunesikhathi sokuqomisana, okuyinto ejabulisayo ukuyibuka.
Okokuqala, owesilisa ujaha insikazi lapho ibaleka, edlala futhi eheha ngobukhona bakhe, uyayithinta ngamaphiko akhe, ayiphulule ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucindezela ngamabomu okhethiwe ngenkani.
Kungalesi sikhathi lapho izinambuzane zihlangana khona. Isikhwama sesidoda, esinikezwa owesilisa kowesifazane, asigcini nje ngokudlala indima yokukhulelwa, kodwa futhi sisekela amandla kovemvane ngesikhathi sokubekela amaqanda, futhi singumsizi wohambo.
Insikazi ikulungele ukubeka amaqanda entwasahlobo noma ehlobo. Umbala wamaqanda unokuchichima okumhlophe, okunokhilimu nomthunzi ophuzi. Amaqanda anomumo oyindilinga ngokungajwayelekile, angaphezu kwesentimitha elilodwa ubude, nemilimitha ububanzi.
Ngemuva nje kwezinsuku ezine kubekiwe, kuvela isibungu. Isibungu se-monarch sinamandla kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi sokukhula singadala umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo. Okokuqala, amacimbi adla amaqanda avela kuwo, bese edlulela ebumnandi bamaqabunga amaqanda abekwe kuwo.
Izibungu ziqoqa amandla namandla adingekayo futhi emva kwezinsuku eziyi-14 ziba iziphungumangathi. Lapho kudlula amasonto amabili kusuka esigabeni se-chrysalis, inkosi iphenduka uvemvane oluhle.
Ngokuya ngocwaningo lwesayensi, kuyaziwa ukuthi uvemvane oluhle olunegama lobukhosi ezimweni zemvelo luphila kusuka emasontweni amabili kuye ezinyangeni ezimbili. Impilo yezimvemvane ezingena ekuthutheleni ihlala cishe izinyanga eziyisikhombisa.
