Inkinga yokugawulwa kwamahlathi ingenye yezinkinga zemvelo ezicindezela kakhulu emhlabeni. Umthelela wayo emvelweni awunakulinganiswa ngokweqile. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi izihlahla zibizwa ngamaphaphu oMhlaba. Sekukonke, bakha imvelo eyodwa ethinta impilo yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo, izilwane, inhlabathi, umkhathi, kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi. Abantu abaningi abazi nakancane ukuthi hlobo luni lokuqedwa kwamahlathi oluzoholela lapho lungavinjelwa.
Inkinga yokuqedwa kwamahlathi
Okwamanje, inkinga yokugawulwa kwezihlahla ibalulekile kuwo wonke amazwekazi omhlaba, kepha le nkinga inzima kakhulu emazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu, eNingizimu Melika, e-Asia. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu kudala inkinga yokuqedwa kwamahlathi. Insimu ekhululwe ezihlahleni iphenduka indawo engeyinhle, iba engakwazi ukuhlala.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi inhlekelele isondele kangakanani, kufanele unake amaqiniso amaningi:
- angaphezu kwengxenye yamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo asevele acekelwa phansi, futhi kuzothatha iminyaka eyikhulu ukuwavuselela;
- manje kuphela ama-30% omhlaba ahlala emahlathini;
- ukugawulwa kwezihlahla njalo kuholela ekwandeni kwe-carbon monoxide emkhathini ngo-6-12%;
- umzuzu nomzuzu indawo yehlathi, elingana ngosayizi nezinkundla eziningana zebhola, iyanyamalala.
Izizathu zokuqedwa kwamahlathi
Izizathu ezijwayelekile zokusika izihlahla zifaka:
- ukhuni lunenani eliphakeme njengezinto zokwakha kanye nempahla eluhlaza yamaphepha, amakhadibhodi, okwenza izinto zasendlini;
- kaningi babhubhisa amahlathi ukuze bandise umhlaba omusha wezolimo;
- ngokubeka imigqa yokuxhumana nemigwaqo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lezihlahla lithinteka emlilweni wehlathi, ohlale wenzeka ngenxa yokuphathwa ngendlela engafanele komlilo. Zibuye zenzeke ngenkathi eyomile.
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi ngokungemthetho
Kaningi ukugawulwa kwezihlahla akukho emthethweni. Amazwe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele awanazo izikhungo nabantu abakwazi ukulawula inqubo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, osomabhizinisi bakule ndawo kwesinye isikhathi benza ukwephula umthetho, minyaka yonke bekhulisa umthamo wokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Kukholakala nokuthi izingodo ezihlinzekwa ngabazingeli abangenamvume yokusebenza nazo ziyangena emakethe. Kunombono wokuthi ukwethulwa komsebenzi omkhulu emapulangweni kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukuthengiswa kwezingodo phesheya, futhi ngalokho kuzonciphisa inani lezihlahla ezigawuliwe.
Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi eRussia
I-Russia ingomunye wabakhiqizi bezingodo abaphambili. Kanye neCanada, la mazwe womabili afaka isandla cishe ama-34% entengo ephelele yezinto ezithunyelwa emakethe yomhlaba. Izindawo ezisebenza kakhulu lapho kugawulwa khona izihlahla ziseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ngokuqondene nokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungemthetho, yonke into ixazululwa ngokukhokha inhlawulo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunikeli ekubuyiselweni kwemvelo yehlathi nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Imiphumela yokugawulwa kwamahlathi
Umphumela oyinhloko wokugawulwa kwezihlahla ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okunemiphumela eminingi:
- ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu;
- ukungcoliswa kwemvelo;
- ushintsho lwe-ecosystem;
- ukubhujiswa kwenani elikhulu lezitshalo;
- izilwane ziphoqeleka ukuba zishiye izindawo zazo ezivamile;
- ukuwohloka komkhathi;
- ukuwohloka komjikelezo wamanzi emvelweni;
- ukubhujiswa kwenhlabathi, okuzoholela ekugugulekeni kwenhlabathi;
- ukuvela kwababaleki bezemvelo.
Imvume yokugawulwa kwamahlathi
Izinkampani ezisika izihlahla kumele zithole imvume ekhethekile yalo msebenzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukufaka isicelo, uhlelo lendawo lapho kugawulwa khona, incazelo yezinhlobo zezihlahla ezizogawulwa, kanye namaphepha amaningi okuvumelana nezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, ukuthola imvume enjalo kunzima. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akushiyi ngokuphelele ngaphandle ukungabi semthethweni kokuqedwa kwamahlathi. Kunconywa ukuthi uqinise le nqubo ngenkathi ungasindisa amahlathi eplanethi.
Isampula yemvume yokugawulwa kwamahlathi
