I-Mandrill - izinkawu okulula ukuzibona ngokubukeka kwazo okungavamile. Kubonakala sengathi baqoqe yonke imibala yothingo lwenkosazana, kusuka kobomvu kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza okotshani. Lezi zinkawu zihlukile ngoba, njengomthetho, izinhlanzi noma izinyoni kuphela ezinemibala enjalo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Mandrill
I-Mandrill (noma i- "sphinx") ingeyomndeni wezinkawu kanye nama-mandrill ohlobo. Phambilini, lolu hlobo lwalucatshangelwa ekuhlukanisweni kwezimfene, kepha, ngenxa yocwaningo lwakamuva, manje sehlukaniswe ngokwehlukana. Abamele umndeni wezinkawu babizwa nangokuthi "izinkawu ezinamakhanda ezinja" noma izinkawu ezinamakhala amancane. Onke amagama ayazikhulumela. Ukwakheka kogebhezi lwalezi zinkawu kufana nenhloko yenja, kanti uqwanga lwamakhala lincane kakhulu.
Ividiyo: Mandrill
Umndeni wezinkawu uhlukile kakhulu, uhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane amabili:
- eyokuqala izinkawu ezidla omnivorous, ezifaka ama-mandrill. Lezi zinkawu ziyakwazi ukugaya noma yikuphi ukudla, futhi zithambekele ekuzingeleni futhi zinolaka kakhulu;
- owesibili izinkawu, ikakhulukazi ezidla imifino, yize zingenza okungajwayelekile ngokuthanda ukudla kwezilwane. Lokhu kufaka ama-langurs, ama-nosy, imizimba enamafutha.
Izinkawu ziwumndeni ovame kakhulu. Ngenxa yendawo abahlala kuyo nezici ezahlukahlukene zokuphila, banosayizi nemibala ehlukene, bahluke kancanyana komunye nomunye ngokokuziphatha. Umndeni ugqama ngesisekelo esisodwa: ukuma kogebhezi nokulingana kwamathambo. Ukhakhayi luhlala lulinganisiwe, lunemigogodla ebukhali, emide. Izinkawu zihamba kuphela emilenzeni emine, kanti imilenze yangaphambili ithuthuke kakhulu kunemilenze yangemuva. Umsila awenzi noma yimuphi umsebenzi - izinkawu azikwazi ngisho nokuzihambisa.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-mandrill
Ama-mandrill izinkawu ezinkulu ngokwanele ezinokukhanya okucacile kocansi. Abesilisa bayakhanya futhi bakhulu kunabesifazane, banejazi elijiyile futhi baqoqe ngombala imibala eminingi engavamile engajwayelekile ezilwaneni ezincelisayo. Ukuphakama kowesilisa ekubuneni kungama-80 cm, isisindo singadlula ama-50 kg. Abesifazane abekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-60 ubude, futhi isisindo sabo singama-15 kg. Onke ama-mandrill anomsila omfushane - u-3-6 cm kuphela - lona umsila omfushane kunayo yonke yomndeni wenkawu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amanye ama-mandrill abesifazane awanamsila nhlobo.
Ikhala le-mandrill linombala obomvu ogqamile. Imigwaqo emibalabala eyenziwe ngemithambo emnyama, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, idlula eceleni kwayo. Ibhantshi ebusweni liwolintshi, libomvu noma limhlophe, kuya ngendawo yemandrill. Ama-mandrill wesilisa, njengezimfene, anekholi ebizwa nge-ischial callus - ifa okungenani ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Okucacile ukuthi ipendwe ngemibala egqamile egqamile - kusuka kobomvu kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokububende. Cishe abukho noboya ngemuva, ngakho le mibala ibonakala ngokusobala.
Ama-mandrill anejazi elijiyile, kepha awanajazi. Lezi yizinwele ezincanyana ezinombala onsundu noma onsundu onsundu. Intamo nesisu sezinkawu kumhlophe, noma kumane kube yimithunzi elula.
Ama-mandrill ahamba kuphela emilenzeni emine, eyakhiwe ngokwanele ukuze inkawu ikwazi ukugibela ezihlahleni futhi igijime ngokushesha. Ama-mandrill wesilisa akhombisa umhlwenga ojiyile obamba ikhanda.
Bobabili abesilisa nabesilisa banekhanda elihlangene elinomhubhe ohlukanisayo ogcwele ikhala lonke. Lapho kuvezwa imizwa yolaka noma yokuzamula, kungabonakala ama-canine amakhulu amhlophe atholakala emihlathini yomibili. Amehlo ezinkawu mancane, ngaphansi kwamakhothamo amakhulu amakhulu - ngenxa yalokhu, ama-mandrill anokubukeka okunzima kakhulu.
Ihlala kuphi i-mandrill?
Isithombe: Monkey Mandrill
Sekuyisikhathi eside iMandrill ithathwa njengesihlobo esiseduze kakhulu sezimfene, kepha ubufakazi bokukhishwa kwe-interspecific kukhombisile ukuthi lokhu akunjalo. Ama-mandrill nezimfene azivamile endle ngenxa yobubanzi bazo obuhlukahlukene.
Ama-mandrill ahlala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo eNtshonalanga Afrika:
- IGabon;
- eningizimu yeCameroon;
- zihlala eduze noMfula iCongo.
Ngokungafani nezimfene, ama-mandrill akhetha amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo. Lezi zinkawu zijwayela kakhulu ukugibela ezihlahleni. Zivame ukudla ngokuhlala emagatsheni awugqinsi phezulu ngenhla komhlaba. Yize ikakhulukazi ama-mandrill asemhlabeni. Kuyaqabukela ukubona amaqembu amancane ama-mandrill noma ama-single ku-savannah. Laba ngabesilisa, abaxoshwa emhlambini wabo futhi bahlanganiswe ngamaqembu amancane. Uma ama-mandrill ephuma eya e-savannah, kusho ukuthi abakwazanga ukuphinda bathole izindawo ezintsha emahlathini emvula. Lawa ma-mandrill ngokuvamile awasindi.
Noma babukeka behlaba umxhwele futhi benolaka, bahlangabezana nokuphikisana okusebenzayo nezimfene, futhi baba yizisulu zokuzingelwa kwezilwane ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, kungenxa yokukhishwa kwama-mandrill ku-savannah lapho ukuwela okucacile nge-hamadryas nezimfene kwenzeka. Bazala inzalo nayo ekwazi ukuzala. Lo mkhuba usetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ema-zoo.
Manje uyazi lapho izinkawu ze-mandrill zihlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi badlani.
Idlani imandrill?
Isithombe: Baboon Mandrill
Ama-mandrill anomnivorous futhi aminzile.
Ukudla kwansuku zonke kokudla kwezilwane kumele kufake:
- amaprotheni izinambuzane - izintuthwane, umuhlwa, izibungu, izintethe;
- iminenke ngisho nawofezela abanoshevu kungadliwa ngama-mandrill;
- amagundane amancane, amaxoxo, izinyoni;
- amaqanda ezinyoni namachwane achanyuselwe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-mandrill azolile ngokudla izinsalela zokudla kwezitshalo ngemuva kwezinye izilwane. Isibonelo, izinkawu ezinama-nimble zikhuphukela endaweni ephakeme lapho ama-mandrill engakwazi ukufinyelela khona futhi ngengozi alahle izithelo ezilunyiwe noma izingcezu zezithelo, eziqeda ama-mandrill.
Ama-mandrill ayakwazi ukuzingela okusebenzayo. Uma noma yisiphi isilwane esinezinselo ezine-equid sisondela kakhulu emhlambini waso, khona-ke i-mandrill ingagijimela ekuhlaseleni futhi isibulale kalula ngosizo lwezinyosi ezinkulu. Lapho-ke lokhu kudla kuzokwanela wonke umhlambi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkawu ziyakhwabanisa ngezidumbu. Ngeke badle ukudla kwezilwane zezilwane ezahlukahlukene, kepha bakhetha ukuzitika ngezitshalo.
Isibonelo, i-mandrill-based diet ingafaka:
- izithelo ezahlukahlukene;
- amaqabunga aluhlaza;
- imbewu nezimpande;
- amantongomane;
- amagxolo athambile, amagatsha amancane, iziqu zezitshalo.
Ukudla kwezitshalo kungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 okudla okwenziwa ngamamandrill. Babhekana kalula negobolondo eliqinile lamantongomane, ngokuzithandela bacwecwa ikhasi lesithelo - hhayi ama-canines kuphela, kepha neminwe ethuthukile iyabasiza kulokhu. Ekuthunjweni, izithelo ezomisiwe zengezwa izithelo ezomisiwe, i-cottage shizi, okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, inyama ebilisiwe, amaqanda nemifino.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Primate Mandrill
Njengezimfene, ama-mandrill ahlala emindenini emikhulu efinyelela kuma-30, kaningi - abantu abangama-50. Wonke umuntu osephaketheni uhlobene. Kukhona abesifazane njalo emhlambini kunabesilisa, futhi ingxenye ebalulekile yabesifazane ihlala inamazinyane amancane. Iphakethe liholwa owesilisa we-alpha olawula ukugcinwa kwesigaba sobukhosi esicacile. Lezi zinkawu ziyizilwane ezizimele futhi azikwamukeli ukuzulazula. Bathuthela kwenye indawo kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zokuntuleka okukhulu kokudla, amanzi, noma nosongo oluyingozi empilweni.
Iqiniso ngukuthi endle, umhlambi ngamunye unendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-50, futhi ukwephulwa kwemingcele kungaholela ezimpini ezinegazi neminye imihlambi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kunokudla okuningi, khona-ke imindeni ingahlangana, yakhe imihlambi yamakhanda angafika kwamakhulu amabili. Lapho ukudla komile, umhlambi uphinde uhlukane ube yimindeni bese usakazeka ezindaweni zawo.
Izimfene ziyashona. Ekuseni, abantu abadala bayofuna ukudla: bahlola ngokucophelela amahlamvu, baphendule amatshe, bakhuphuke amagatsha ezihlahla eziphansi. Ngemuva kwesidlo sasekuseni, bahlangana ngamaqembu amancane ukuzilungisa - isiko elibalulekile lezinkawu elibonisa ubudlelwano obuphezulu epakethe.
Ama-mandrill ezingane achitha iningi lesikhathi sawo edlala, lapho afunda khona ama-nuances okusinda. Abesilisa abasezingeni eliphansi bangaphikisana ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha akekho noyedwa ongenela elungelweni lomholi lokuphakama. Umholi kufanele akhethe izindawo zokondla nokulawula izingxabano emindenini yomndeni. AmaMandrill anohlelo lomsindo oluthuthukisiwe olususelwa ekunyakazeni komzimba nemisindo, kepha umholi ukhetha ukusebenzisa amandla anonya. Abanye besilisa abasebancane bangabhekana nomholi ngemizamo yokubamba amandla. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma owesilisa esevele esemdala futhi engakwazi ukukhipha ngokuphelele.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Mandrill ovela kwiRed Book
AmaMandrill anesikhathi sokukhwelana okunguJulayi-Okthoba. Lesi yisikhathi sesomiso, lapho ama-mandrill engakwazi ukondla nokuzala ngenkuthalo. Abalingani besilisa abaphezulu nabo bonke abesifazane abangenawo amawundlu futhi baneminyaka yobudala yokuzala. Abesifazane abakwazi ukukhwelana nomunye wesilisa. Owesilisa unezinsikazi eziningana ze-alpha, azimboza kuqala. Lezi zinsikazi zilawula ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinye izinsikazi emhlambini futhi zisiza wonke umuntu ukuthi anakekele abasha.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ungathola ukulungela kowesifazane ngokuzalela ngamandla wombala wekholi yakhe ye-ischial - ngokubomvu, kulapho owesifazane ekulungele ukuzalwa kwengane.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, lapho owesifazane enza ibhizinisi lakhe ngaphandle kokuhlukumezeka. Ukubeletha kuyashesha, kepha abesifazane asebekhulile basiza abasebasha ngokubanikeza ukusekelwa okungokomzwelo. Insikazi izala izinyane elilodwa, kuyavama ukuthi kube amawundlu amabili. Owesifazane ubeka ngokushesha isilwane esisanda kuzalwa esifubeni, asincelise ngobisi olunamafutha. Emavikini amathathu okuqala, izinyane liyahamba, linamathele esiswini sikanina. Lapho nje ifunda ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo, izinyane lizothuthela emhlane kanina.
Izingane zikhuliswa yiqembu lonke. Abesifazane bangathatha amawundlu abanye abantu ukuyowondla - lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma insikazi enewundlu elincane ifa. Izinkawu zizimela ngokuphelele kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, kepha noma kunjalo ukunamathiselwa kumama kuhlala. Abantu abadala bavame ukuvakashela omama babo ebusuku futhi balale eduze kwabo. Abesifazane asebekhulile baba "amakhosikazi" kababa wabo ongumholi, kuthi abesilisa asebekhulile bashiye umndeni, bakhe amaqembu abo. Kwesinye isikhathi ezinye zezinsikazi zingalandela. Kulesi simo, owesilisa we-alpha uzozama ukuhlehlisa owesifazane ngokuphoqa iqolo lakhe. Kepha abesifazane bavame ukukhombisa ukuhlukunyezwa okufanayo, ngenxa yalokho umholi abadedele ngokuzithoba balandele owesilisa osemncane.
Izitha zemvelo ze-mandrill
Isithombe: Mandrill
Ama-mandrill ahlala emahlathini aminyene anomswakama, lapho mhlawumbe kuyizilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye. Ukubukeka kwabo okumangazayo, ulaka, umsindo kanye namazinyo amade kubenza babe izimbangi eziyingozi.
Azikho izidlo eziningi ezihlangabezana nazo:
- izingwe. Yisilwane esidla ezinye eziyingozi kakhulu kuma-mandrill. Uyakwazi ukuqamekela izinkawu ngqo esihlahleni. Ingwe ibulala ngokushesha inyamazane encane, ilume intamo yayo futhi iyivimbele ekunikezeni isibali esiphikisayo. Ngemuva kokubulala, uhudulela inkawu esihlahleni, lapho edla khona. Uma ingwe ibonakala ibhaqile, izinkawu zenza umsindo zisakazeke ezihlahleni. Umholi naye kumele ahlasele ingwe ukuze avikele umndeni wakhe. Imvamisa lokhu kugcina ngokufa komholi, kodwa izingwe azife ngenxa yama-mandrill, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi enkulu ziyabaleka;
- izimpethu. Izinyoka ezinkulu zizitika ngokuzithandela ngamamandrill akhulayo. Kunzima ukuzibona ngokuqamekela phakathi kwamahlamvu. Izinyoka ezinkulu ikakhulukazi zingaklinya ngisho nowesifazane omdala, zigwinye ziphelele. Izinkawu zinikeza izinhlwathi amandla okusebenza: uma inyoka ibamba ithole, umama uyolishaya alidabule ngezandla ukuze asindise ingane yakhe;
- ezinye izinyoni ezinkulu. Ahlasela ama-mandrils kaningi kunakho konke, ngoba ama-mandrill ahola kakhulu impilo yasemhlabeni, futhi izinyoni ezidla inyama zithanda ukuzingela ngokubamba izinkawu emagatsheni ezihlahla. Kodwa-ke, ama-mandrill amancane asongelwa ngokukhuphuka kakhulu ngenxa yelukuluku.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-mandrill
IMandrill ifakiwe kwiRed Book ngaphansi kwesimo sokusongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ngaphandle kokuthi isibalo sezinkawu sikhulu, sehle ngamaphesenti angamashumi amane kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule. Ama-mandrill, njengezimfene, ayizinambuzane. Bangakwazi ukuhlala eduze nemizana, lapho baqala khona ukweba izinkomo ezincane. Futhi, ukufuna udoti, ama-mandrill aba ngabathwali bezifo eziyingozi. Ngenxa yobudlova nobukhulu bawo, ukushayisana phakathi kwabantu nama-mandrill kwesinye isikhathi kwakuphetha ngokulimala kanzima kumuntu noma nokufa. Konke lokhu kwaholela ekutheni abantu bawaqede ama-mandrill.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umhlambi omkhulu kunayo yonke uhlala eGabon National Park - unama-mandrill acishe abe yinkulungwane nengxenye. Bahlanganyele unomphela futhi abakahlukani iminyaka eminingana.
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu kubhubhisa indawo yemvelo yezinkawu. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abasha nabancane bayafa. Imindeni iphoqeleka ukuba ithuthele emihambweni yokuphila, ifune isisekelo esisha sokudla, ngoba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuholela ekwehlisweni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane ama-mandrill adla kuzo. Inyama yeMandrill ibhekwa njengesibiliboco kubantu baseGabon. Lokhu akubanga nomthelela omkhulu kubantu, kodwa kube nomthelela ekuqothulweni kwama-mandrill.
Ukuqapha i-mandrill
Isithombe: Monkey Mandrill
Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zikholelwa ukuthi inani lama-mandrill lizohlala lizinzile ngokuqapha okufanelekile. Iqiniso ngukuthi lezi zinkawu zihlala kahle ekuthunjweni - ikakhulukazi ema-zoo. Zizala kalula futhi zijwayele abantu ngokushesha.
Ngisho nezilwane ezizalelwe e-zoo lapho zisondelene nabantu zijwayela kalula indlela yokuphila yasendle. Imindeni yamaMandrill ekhuliswe ema-zoo idedelwa endle futhi yehliselwa ngempumelelo endle. Ngasikhathi sinye, bahlala benomoya opholile ngabantu, ngaphandle kokubonisa ulaka kubahlali bendawo.
Ama-African National Parks adlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni abantu. Ukuzingela akuvunyelwe endaweni yabo, futhi izilwane zihlala zodwa kubantu, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ngaphansi kokuqondisa kososayensi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule inani labantu futhi ubone izici zempilo yezilwane, ezizosiza ekulondolozeni izinhlobo zezilwane.
I-Mandrill - inkawu enkulu futhi engavamile. Ngolaka lwabo lwemvelo, ekuthunjweni, bajwayela abantu ngokushesha. Ngenkathi inani labantu lisengozini, ososayensi benza imizamo emikhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zilwane ezihlukile azinyamalali.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/06/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/28/2019 ngo-22: 11
