I-Arctic ne-Subarctic, yize kunesimo sezulu esibandayo kulezi zindawo, akuzona izindawo ezimbi zomhlaba wezilwane. Zilawulwa kakhulu yizinyoni. Kepha lokhu kusehlobo kuphela. Ebusika, kuhlala ama-partridges nezikhova ezimhlophe kuphela, abameleli bohlobo lwezikhova, ukuhleleka kwezikhova. Elinye igama lesikhova esimhlophe yi-polar. Le nyoni iyisilwane esidla ezinye sezindawo ezibandayo. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke kulo lonke itundra.
Isici esibalulekile senyoni ukuthi ingaphila ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside, futhi isikhova singakhetha noma yisiphi isikhathi sokuzingela. Kulula ngaye ukuhamba emkhathini kokubili ngosuku olukhanyayo nasebumnyameni bobusuku obusezindaweni ezibandayo.
Ngenxa yengubo yoboya emhlophe efudumele imvelo enikeze lesi sikhova esinezimpaphe, isikhova singaphila kalula ezindaweni ezibandayo ze-tundra futhi sizingele emazingeni okushisa aphansi ebusuku.
Kunesinye futhi isici esihle sezimpaphe ezifudumele zale nyoni. Isikhova esimhlophe usebenzisa amandla amancane engutsheni yakhe efudumele, ngakho-ke udinga ukudla okuncane ukuze alulame. Kungakho izikhova zingakwesabi ukuswela ukudla futhi ziyaneliseka ngokudla okulingene ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Okuncane isikhova esineqhwa uzophuma ayodoba, maningi amathuba okuba aphile. Lesi ngesinye isici esihle sezimpaphe zakhe ezimhlophe ezifudumele. Ngaphandle kwayo, kungaba nzima ukuthi inyoni iphile ezimweni ezinzima ze-arctic.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo isikhova esimhlophe
Isikhova esikhulu esimhlophe kubhekwa inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke futhi enhle kunazo zonke ze-tundra. Owesifazane uvame ukuba mkhulu kunowesilisa. Ubukhulu bayo bufinyelela kuma-70 cm, ngamaphiko we-165 cm nesisindo esingu-3 kg.
Ubude bomzimba besilisa obujwayelekile ngokuvamile abudluli kuma-65 cm, ngesisindo esingu-2.5 kg. Isikhova esidala esineqhwa sinezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinamachashaza amnyama amancane. Kumuntu ohlala ezinhlokweni ezihlala njalo zeqhwa, lo mbala ufaneleke kakhulu.
Isikhova esimnyama nesimhlophe, ngiyabonga kuye, kunganakwa. Le nyoni nayo inezimpaphe ezijiyile ezidladleni zayo, ezigcwalisa isudi yayo yokuzifihla futhi engabandi. Inhloko yesikhova se-polar inesimo esiyindilinga.
Amehlo akhe anombala ophuzi ngokugqamile anezinkophe ezinkulu futhi ezinoboya. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka ukubukeka kwale nyoni. Uhlahle amehlo njalo. Umuntu uthola umbono wokuthi isikhova sithatha inhloso.
Izindlebe zale nyoni zincane kakhulu kangangokuba azibonakali ekhanda layo eliyindilinga. Umlomo nawo awugadli, umnyama futhi cishe wonke ufihlwe ezimpapheni zesikhova se-polar. Izinzipho ezimnyama ziyabonakala ezinzwaneni.
Ngokuqondene nomehluko phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa, okwangaphambili kuvame ukuba mnyama ngombala. Amachwane amancane aqale ambozwe izimpaphe ezimhlophe, bese ethola izithunzi ezinsundu, ezigcina ziphenduka zibe mhlophe futhi zibe mnyama.
Kuzikhova ezincane ezisencane, ukwehlukahluka okuningi kutholakala ngombala. Izinyoni ziyancibilika ngoJulayi nangoNovemba. Ngemuva komlomo wangoNovemba, isikhova siguquka sibe yingubo yoboya basebusika, enezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela ukushisa.
Isikhova esimhlophe esithombeni - kungukwenziwa samuntu kobuhle nobukhulu obungakaze bube khona. Umuntu akakwazi ukubuka lesi sidalwa esimangalisayo ngaphandle kokujabula. Enyoni, yonke into iyakhanga, kusuka engutsheni enoboya obumhlophe ocebile kuye ekubukeni kwenhlaka okukhangayo.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yesikhova esimhlophe
Indawo yokwabiwa kwesikhova esineqhwa yiyo yonke insimu yetundra. Ebusika, ukuthola ukudla izimpilo zesikhova esimhlophe ehlathini-tundra nama-steppes. Izikhova ezineqhwa azivamile emahlathini. Ebusika, inyoni ikhetha indawo evulekile, ezimweni ezingavamile ikwazi ukundiza iye ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Izinyoni zisuka ngoSepthemba ziye ku-Okthoba. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu izimpilo zesikhova esimhlophe kuze kube ngu-Ephreli-Mashi. Kwezinye izindawo, izinyoni zihlala esikhathini sasebusika, zikhetha ukungabi nenqwaba yeqhwa elingenalo iqhwa.
Isikhova esimhlophe esithuthuthwini yisidalwa esisebenzayo. Ayizingeli eduze kwesidleke sayo. Lesi sici saqashelwa ezinye izinyoni futhi sithanda ukuhlala eduze kwesikhova esineqhwa, esivikela ngenkuthalo indawo yaso ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Ngokuzingela, inyoni ikhetha indawo yokuhlala. Ubheka igquma bese uhlala phansi, elinde inyamazane ezosondela kuye. Kusihlwa, ingafica isisulu endizeni.
Isikhova siba yiqhwa bese siphephuka endaweni eyodwa kuze kubanjwe isisulu. Isikhova esineqhwa akuyona inyoni yasebusuku kuphela; izindiza zayo zokuzingela zivame ukuwa kusihlwa nasekuseni kosuku.
Isisulu sivame ukuqhutshwa yisikhova ebusela, kanti isisulu esincane sigwinywa yisikhova sonke. Izikhova zenza ngokuhlukile ngesisulu esikhulu. Bayayihudulela kubo, bayidabule ibe yizicucu ezincane bese beyimunca kuphela.
Isikhova esineqhwa senza imisindo engazelelwe, ekhonkothayo futhi ekhalayo. Lapho le nyoni ijabule, ungezwa uphondo lwayo oluphakeme, olumamathelayo. Izikhova ziyathula lapho kuphela inkathi yokuzala.
Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zezidleke zalezi zinyoni zisesiqongweni sezindunduma ezibandayo. Ukusuka kulezi zindawo, umnikazi we-tundra emhlophe njengeqhwa angabona kalula konke okwenzekayo nxazonke, nokuthi uzingela kanjani owesilisa.
Impungushe yase-arctic iyisitha esiphikisayo sazo zonke izikhova ezibandayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi empini evulekile umhlaseli wenza ukuba isitha sakhe sibaleke, ukuhlasela kwakhe nezinkukhu zezinyoni kuvame ukuhlupheka. Okokwakha izidleke, izikhova zimba imigodi engajulile bese uzifaka ngotshani nobulembu.
Ukudla isikhova esimhlophe
Ukwelapha okuthandwa kakhulu izikhova ezibandayo kungulamula. Ebusika obude, obusempumalanga, la magundane acasha ngaphansi kwengubo eminyene yeqhwa. Futhi ngokufika kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo, bashiya izindawo zabo zokuhlala futhi baqala ukwanda ngokushesha.
Isikhova singadla cishe izilinganiso ezingu-1 600 unyaka wonke. Akanandaba nokudla ama-ermines, ama-hares, ama-partridges, amahansi, amadada, inhlanzi. Mayelana nesikhova esimhlophe bathi akayideleli futhi isidumbu. Uma kunezilwane ezimbalwa ku-tundra, inyoni ingazingela impungushe yase-Arctic.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila sesikhova esineqhwa
Isikhathi sokukhwelana ngezikhova sihambisana nokuqomisana okuyinkimbinkimbi. Kukhona izigaxa zezikhova ezihlala zithembekile komunye nomunye isikhathi eside. Eminye imibhangqwana iyahlukana ngokushesha ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuzala.
Isikhova esimhlophe senyoni ifukamela ibamba kusuka eqandeni lokuqala. Amachwane akhe awazalwa ngasikhathi sinye. Isikhawu phakathi kokuvela kwazo silinganiselwe izinsuku eziyi-1-3. Ngakho-ke, izikhova ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngokuvamile zitholakala ezidlekeni zezikhova.
Ngokwemithetho yemvelo, amaphuphu amakhulu kakhulu athola ukudla okuningi kakhulu kunalokho okuchamuselwa emva kwawo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokuntuleka kokudla, isikhova esingumama sondla izikhova ezincane ezinganeni zaso ezinkulu, ngokuqonda iyabona ukuthi zinethuba elingcono kakhulu lokusinda.
Esithombeni kunesidleke sesikhova esimhlophe
Ukwakhiwa kwezikhova kwaklanyelwe ukuthi izinyoni ezisencane zindizele ekuzingeleni kwazo kokuqala ngisho nangesikhathi lapho kunezimila ezanele khona kutundra. Ngenxa yobuningi bezisulu, izitha ezincane zithole kalula amakhono abazingeli.
Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa okunjalo kokuzingela izikhova ezincane, izinyoni ezivuthiwe zachitha amajazi azo, okuthi ngesikhathi sokufukamela kwenzalo ithole ukubukeka okungaxakile. Ezimweni zesimo sezulu esibi se-tundra, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izikhova ezibandayo zibe nezimpaphe ezinhle, ezisezingeni eliphakeme.
Ngesikhathi sokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sasekwindla, lapho izinsuku ziyancipha, nezimila zifihlekile ezindlini zazo, izikhova ezindala zithumela izingane zazo esezikhulile empilweni yamahhala, futhi nazo zihlala zodwa. Izikhova ezineqhwa zihlala ezimweni zemvelo cishe iminyaka eyi-9. Impilo ekuthunjweni kwalezi zinyoni ingahlala iminyaka engama-28.
Umbuzo uwukuthi isikhova esimhlophe encwadini ebomvu noma cha, ihlala ivulekile. Kwakuneziphakamiso zokuthi ziningi zalezi zinyoni emvelweni, kepha kwavela ukuthi empeleni zikhona izikhova zeqhwa ezimbalwa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungekudala, izofakwa ohlwini lwezinyoni nezilwane ezivikelekile.
