Odla inyoka uyinyoni evela emndenini woKlebe nohlelo olumise okwe-Hawk Ummeleli odlayo womndeni omncane weSerpentine waziwa kahle ngaphansi kwamagama enkalankala noma wokhozi lwenyoka, ukhozi lwenyoka olujwayelekile noma ukhozi lwenyoka.
Incazelo yenyoka
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ukhozi lwenyoka kwesinye isikhathi lubizwa ngokuthi ukhozi, kuncane kakhulu ukufana ekubukekeni kwezinyoni ezinjalo, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukuzidida. "Ukhozi oluneminwe emifushane" - leli yigama lapho odla izinyoka aziwa khona ngamaNgisi, futhi le nyoni ibizwa ngokuthi inkalankala, okukhombisa nezinye izinyoni ezidlayo.
Ekuhumusheni ngokwezwi nezwi kusuka esiLatini, igama lale nyoni engavamile lizwakala njenge- "chubby", ngenxa yesimo esikhulu sekhanda esiyindilinga, okunikeza ukufana kwangaphandle nesikhova.
Ukubukeka
Kwesinye sezinto ezesabeka ngokumangazayo nokungabethembi ngokweqile abantu, izidlakela ezinezimpaphe zibonakala ngombala onsundu ngokungathi mpunga wengxenye yomzimba osabekayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlayiyana eziningana eziyinhloko zabantu abadla izinyoka:
- Umdli wenyoka onamabele amnyama uyisidleke esinezimpaphe, esifinyelela ku-68 cm ubude, namaphiko amaphiko angu-178 cm, enesisindo esingeqile ku-2.2-2.3 kg. Inhloko yale nyoni kanye nesifuba kuhlotshiswe ngezimpaphe zombala onsundu noma onsundu. Kunezindawo ezilula endaweni yesisu nangaphakathi kwamaphiko. Amehlo abonakala ngokuba khona kombala ophuzi wegolide;
- I-Baudouin edla izinyoka iyinyoni enkulu edliwayo enamaphiko afinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-170. Kunezimpaphe ezinsundu ngokumpunga ngemuva nasekhanda, nasesifubeni. Isisu sale nyoni sinombala okhanyayo ngobukhona bemivimbo emincane ensundu. Imilenze ehlanganisiwe ihlukaniswa ngombala wayo ngamathoni ampunga;
- Idla izinyoka uBrown ungummeleli omkhulu walolu hlobo. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba womuntu omdala siyi-75 cm, sinamaphiko angama-164 cm nesisindo esingu-2.3-2.5 kg. Ingxenye engenhla yale nyoni ipendwe ngamathoni ansundu amnyama, futhi kukhona umbala ompunga ngaphakathi kwamaphiko. Indawo yomsila inombala onsundu ngemivimbo elula yokuwela;
- Isigaxa esinemigqa eseningizimu siyinyoni ejwayelekile kancane, ubude bayo obungamasentimitha angama-58-60. Endaweni engemuva, nasesifubeni sesilwane esinezimpaphe, kunezimpaphe ezimnyama nsundu. Ikhanda libonakala ngombala onsundu okhanyayo. Kunemivimbo emincane emhlophe esiswini. Idizayini yomsila emide inemivimbo emide emide emide.
Abantu abancane bafana nezinyoni ezindala ngombala wezimpaphe, kodwa banezimpaphe ezikhanyayo nezimnyama. Isifunda sentamo yokhozi olujwayelekile lwenyoka sipendwe ngamathoni ansundu, kanti isisu sale nyoni simhlophe ngamachashazi amaningi ombala omnyama. Izimpiko zomuntu omdala okhasa, kanye nomsila wazo, zinikezwa imivimbo emnyama echazwe kahle.
Futhi kwaziwa futhi kwafundwa: iConglese crested snake-eagle (Dryotriorchis spectabilis), iMadagascar snake-eagle (Eutriorchis astur), Philippine crested snake-eagle (Spilornis holospilus), Culawesian crested snake-eagle (Spilornis rufipectuilis), Spilornis rufipectis INyoka Yokhozi Lwenyoka eNicobar (Spilornis klossi), i-Andaman Crested Snake Eagle (Spilornis elgini), kanye neWest Striped Snake Eagle (Circaetus cinerascens).
Ubukhulu bezinyoni
Ubude obuphelele benyoni esidala esidla inyama, njengomthetho, buyahluka kusuka ku-67 kuye ku-75 cm, ngamaphiko aphakathi nendawo ayi-160-190 cm nobude bephiko abungeqi kuma-52-62 cm.Isisindo somzimba esijwayelekile somzingeli omdala onezimpaphe sifinyelela kumakhilogremu amabili noma ngaphezulu.
Indlela Yokuphila
Abadla izinyoka bayimfihlo emangalisayo, izinyoni eziqaphile kakhulu nezithuleyo ezihlala ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona izihlahla ezinesizungu. Le nyoni edla inyama ithanda izindawo eziphakeme ezomile, ezikhule ngotshani obuncane kanye nohlaza lwesihlahla. Le nyoni idonswa wutshani obuluhlaza obugqamile obunhlobonhlobo bokukhululeka, izihlahlana zama-conifers nezihlahla ezinqabayo.
Endaweni yase-Asia, abantu abavamile abadla izinyoka bazivumelanise nokuhlala ezindaweni ezisemaqeleni, kanti abantu basenyakatho bathanda izindawo eziseduze kwamahlathi aminyene, amaxhaphozi kanye namabhange emifula. Indawo ephelele yezizathu zokuzingela komuntu oyedwa omdala ifinyelela, njengomthetho, 35-36 sq. km. Ngasikhathi sinye, umugqa wamakhilomitha amabili ongathathi hlangothi uvame ukutholakala phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili eziseduze, futhi izinyoni ezidla inyama nazo zibona ibanga eliphansi elifanayo phakathi kwezidleke.
Abadla izinyoka bayakwazi ukufuduka ngaphezu kwamabanga amakhulu (aze afike ku-4,700 km), kepha ubusika babantu baseYurophu benzeka kuphela ezwenikazi lase-Afrika nasengxenyeni esenyakatho ye-equator, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esingenamvula kakhulu nemvula encane. Izinyoni ziqala ukuthuthela ezifundeni ezifudumele ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ngakho-ke maphakathi no-Septhemba izinyoni ezinjalo sezivele zifinyelela ezindaweni zeBosphorus, kanye naseGibraltar noma kwa-Israel. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bohambo abungeqi emasontweni amathathu noma amane.
Inani elincane lezinhlobo alizange livumele ososayensi ukuthi bacwaninge ngokuphelele ngemizila yokufuduka yabantu abadla izinyoka, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi izinyoni ezidla inyama zibuya ebusika ebusika ngendlela efanayo, zisebenzisa le nhloso phambili ebanzi yokuhamba.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ezimweni zokuncintisana zasendle, noma ngabe kunenani elanele lokudla, abamele umndeni wakwaHawk nomndeni wakwaHawk kuyaqabukela baphila iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nanhlanu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesifazane abadala bommeleli odlayo womndeni omncane weSerpentine, njengomthetho, bakhulu ngokubonakalayo futhi bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa, kepha akukho mehluko obonakalayo kumbala wezimpaphe. Ngokuhlobene nomunye nomunye, abantu abadala abadla izinyoka babonakala ngokuzijabulisa nokudlala, ngakho-ke, kuyenzeka kaningi ukubona ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane badlala kanjani ngokujabula, futhi futhi bajahana.
Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi i-cracker yesilisa inezwi elimnandi ngokwedlulele elifana nemisindo yomtshingo noma ifana nokucula kwe-oriole ejwayelekile. Ingoma ejabulisa kangaka iculwa lapho inyoni ibuyela esidlekeni. Abesifazane bakhiqiza isethi yomsindo ofana nefonetiki, kepha ngetoni empofu. Iculo le-duet lihlukaniswa yimiculo yama-woodpeckers amnyama nama-ospreys.
Indawo yokuhlala
Namuhla uhla lwabantu abadla izinyoka luphakathi. Ihlanganisa insimu yeNyakatho-Ntshonalanga ye-Afrika neNingizimu ye-Eurasia. Izindawo zokwakha izidleke zale nyoni ezidla ezinye zitholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda sasePalaearctic, kanye nase-Indian subcontinent.
Ukuba khona kwabantu abahlukene kuyabonakala eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia, eziqhingini zase-Lesser Sunda, kanye nase-Inner Mongolia. Ngokuvamile, abameleli balezi zinhlobo batholakala emazweni alandelayo: iSpain, iMaghreb, iPortugal, kanye ne-Apennines neBalkan, e-Central Asia engxenyeni esempumalanga yeLake Balkhash.
Ngokuthola izidleke, abamele izidlo zomndeni omncane weSerpentine bakhetha enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, eningizimu nasenkabeni yeYurophu, indawo yaseCaucasus ne-Asia Minor, kanye ne-Middle East neKazakhstan.
Ukudla izinyoka
Ukudla kwabadla izinyoka kubonakala ngokukhethekile okuncane, ngakho-ke, imenyu yabo inemikhawulo futhi imelwe yizinyoka, izinyoka, izigaxa nezinyoka. Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni edla inyama ibamba izibankwa. Ngokuqala kwesikhathi sasebusika, izinyoka eziningi, ezikhethe indawo ecashile, ziwela esimweni sokugqwayiza okumisiwe futhi azinamandla, okuvula inkathi yokuzingela abantu abadla izinyoka.
Abazingeli abanamaphiko okuzilibazisa baqala ukulandelela inyamazane yabo emini, lapho kuphawulwa umsebenzi omkhulu wezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Izisulu ezivame kakhulu zalesi sidlo esinamaphiko yizinyoka eziphakathi nendawo, kanye nezinyoka ezinobuthi, kufaka phakathi i-viper, gurza, nezinyoka. Le nyoni yenza izinto ezisheshayo zombani, ezigwema ukuluma okuphindayo. Izimpondo ezisemilenzeni futhi ziyisivikelo kulenyoni.
Izindebe zokuzingela ezidla izinyoka zifaka izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini kanye nezimfudu, amagundane onogwaja, amagundane nama-hamsters, kanye namajuba namagwababa, kanti enye yezinyoni ezindala idla cishe izinyoka ezimbili ezinesisindo esiphakathi nosuku.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Imibhangqwana emisha yenyoka yakhiwa njalo ngesizini. Ngezinye izikhathi abashadile bahlala bethembekile komunye nomunye iminyaka eminingana. Ngasikhathi sinye, akukho bucayi obedlulele ezindizeni zokumatanisa zabamele abomndeni woKlebe kanye ne-oda elime njengoKlebe. Ezeduna zehla cishe amamitha ayishumi nanhlanu, ngemuva kwalokho amapheya amabili amaphiko avumela izinyoni ukuba zikhuphuke kalula emuva. Kwesinye isikhathi amaduna amadala aphatha isirhubuluzi esifile ngomlomo wawo phambi kwalabo abakhethiweyo, kwesinye isikhathi esiwela phansi. Lesi senzo sihambisana nokukhala okuhoshelwayo.
Izinyoni ziqala ukwakha isidleke ngokushesha ngemuva kokubuya ezifundeni ezifudumele, cishe ngoMashi, kepha abadla izinyoka bavela endaweni yase-Indochina ngoNovemba, ngemuva nje kokuphela kwenkathi yezimvula zasehlobo. Bobabili abalingani babamba iqhaza emsebenzini wokwakha ngasikhathi sinye, kepha ngabesilisa abanaka kakhulu, isikhathi nomzamo wokuhlela isidleke sabo. Izidleke zezinyoni zitholakala emadwaleni nasezihlahleni zezihlahla, ezihlahleni ezide, futhi kukhethwa amaphayini nama-spruces.
Ububanzi obumaphakathi besidleke samagatsha namahlumela bungamasentimitha angama-60, nokuphakama okungaphezulu kwekota yemitha, futhi ingxenye yangaphakathi igcwele izinyoni ngotshani, amahlumela aluhlaza noma izimpaphe zomsila. Ukubeka kwenzeka ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi endaweni yaseYurophu ebangeni, naseHindustan ngoDisemba. Amaqanda ayindilinga futhi amhlophe ngombala. Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-45-47. Yonke imithwalo yemfanelo yokondla i-clutch yesifazane efukamelayo iwela emahlombe esilisa, ngakho-ke, umzali ulungela indiza yokuhlola inyanga kuphela emva kokuzalwa kwamachwane.
Ekuqaleni, izingane zidla izingcezu zenyama eziqoshiwe, kepha kusukela eminyakeni engamasonto amabili, izinyoka ezincane zondliwa ngamabele. Emavikini amathathu ubudala, amatshwele abamele umndeni we-Hawk kanye ne-oda elime njengoKlebe bayakwazi ukubhekana kalula nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezahlukahlukene ezingama-40 mm ubukhulu kuze kufike ku-80 cm bebodwa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni ezincane zingadonsa ukudla ngqo kusuka emiphinjeni yabazali bazo. Cishe lapho zinezinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu ubudala, lezi zingane ziba sephikweni, kepha ezinye izinyanga ezimbili zihlala ezindlekweni zabazali.
Abadla izinyoka bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi kuphela lapho beneminyaka emihlanu, lapho abamele lolu hlobo bekwazi ukuhlela ngokuzimela indawo yokwakha izidleke nokunakekela amantshontsho abo.
Izitha zemvelo
Inyoni edlayo futhi enkulu impela, omele umndeni omkhulu wama-Hawkers kanye nokuhleleka okwenziwe ngo-Hawk, ezimweni zemvelo cishe ayinazo izitha, ngaphandle kwabantu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ukwehliswa kwendawo okuhlala kuyo kwashukunyiswa wukucekelwa phansi kwamasimu emvelo afanele ukwakhelwa izidleke kanye nokwehla okuphawulekayo kokuphakelwa kokudla, ngakho-ke, namuhla, abameleli bezinhlobo zezinyoni ezisengcupheni yokushabalala, ezingavamile kakhulu, zibaliwe emakhasini eRed Book of Russia naseRed Book of Belarus. Inani eliphelele labantu baseYurophu okwamanje alidluli abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha noma eziyisikhombisa.
