I-hawk yaseHawaii (Buteo solitarius) ingeka-oda le-Falconiformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zikaklebe waseHawaii
Ukhozi lwaseHawaii yinyoni encane edla inyama enobude bomzimba obungu-41 - 46 cm namaphiko amaphiko angama-87 kuya ku-101 cm. Isisindo - 441 g.
Njengezinyoni eziningi ezidla inyama, insikazi inkulu kakhulu kuneduna. Lolu hlobo luyilungu lohlobo lweButeo olunamaphiko abanzi nomsila obanzi, olwenzelwe ukundiza. Imilenze iphuzi, uzipho lwenyoni edla inyama lunosayizi ophakathi nendawo. Kunokuhlukahluka okuningi kombala kuzimpaphe ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane, naphakathi kwama-subspecies ngamanye.
Ngokuyisisekelo, kunezikimu zombala ezimbili zombala wekhava lophaphe:
- umbala omnyama (ikhanda elinsundu ngombala, isifuba nezingubo zangaphansi);
- anemibala (ikhanda elimnyama, isifuba esilula nokukhanya ngaphansi kwephiko).
Umbala omnyama wezimpaphe unezindawo ezahlukahlukene ezichazwe ngokucacile, kanti komunye umbala kunenqwaba yezimpaphe zombala ophakathi nowodwa. Amafomu anombala omnyama noma i-mlanlanque amnyama ngokulinganayo ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingezansi, kepha izinyoni ezincane zivame ukuba nsundu ngokwengeziwe, zinezimpaphe ezimhlophe esiswini nengxenye yangemuva enezinombolo ezahlukahlukene zemivimbo ngezansi nezikhanyiso ezilula ngaphezulu.
Izimpaphe zekhanda ziphaphathekile, isifuba sinemibala egqamile. I-wax iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imilenze iluhlaza okotshani.
Izindawo zaseHawaii zokuhlala
Ama-hawk aseHawaii ahlala futhi akhe isidleke emahlathini. Atholakala eminyene yama-métrosidéros polymorphic, amahlathi amancane we-acacias noma ezindaweni ezinezihlahla zika-eucalyptus, kusuka olwandle kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-2000. Izinyoni ezidla inyama zivame kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme ezifika kumamitha angama-2 700, mhlawumbe ngaphandle kwamahlathi aminyene, futhi zivumelaniswa nezinhlobo eziningi zendawo yokuhlala esiqhingini.
Oklebe baseHawaii batholakala emapaki, phakathi kwamasimu noma ukususwa, eduze kwezihlahla ezinkulu, lapho izinyoni ezidlulayo zihlala khona ebusuku. Zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zezolimo ezisezindaweni eziphansi kanye nesidleke kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla, kepha zikhetha ukuphumula ezihlahleni zomndeni we-myrtle metrosideros, ezikhula kancane bese ziyoma.
Ekufuneni kwabo ukudla, oklebe baseHawaii bayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zendawo.
Kubandakanya ukundiza kungene emasimini kapopo noma amantongomane, umhlaba wezolimo kanye namadlelo, kuhlala kunezihlahla ezinkulu ezingavamile. Oklebe baseHawaii babonisa izinga eliphakeme lokuzivumelanisa nezindawo eziguqukayo, inqobo nje uma kunemibandela efanelekile yokwakha izidleke nemithombo yokudla eyanele (amagundane).
Izinguquko ezibangelwa ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi akusona isithiyo ekuzalelweni koKlebe baseHawaii.
Ukhozi lwaseHawaii
Ukhozi lwaseHawaii luhlobo lwendawo olukhona eHawaii nase-Ecuador. Izala cishe kuphela eziqhingini ezinkulu: iMaui, i-Oahu neKauai oLwandlekazi iPacific.
Izici zokuziphatha kukaklebe waseHawaii
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, izigaxa ezimbili zaseHawaii zibonisa ukukhuphuka, ukuntywila izindiza, ukuxegisa nokuthinta amaphiko azo. Bese kuthi owesilisa akhuphukele phezulu ngenhla kwendawo yokwakha isidleke futhi anikeze uchungechunge lwemisindo ephezulu.
Izilwane ezinamaphiko zivikela indawo yazo ngonya unyaka wonke. Okhozi baseHawaii bayingozi ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzalisa, lapho behlasela noma ngubani ongena ngaphakathi, kufaka phakathi umuntu ovele endaweni ebekiwe.
Ukuzalela oklebe eHawaii
Ama-hawk aseHawaii yizinyoni ezizodwa. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba, kanti ubukhulu baso benzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Yize kukhona umehluko omkhulu ezikhathini zokuzalisa, ezinqunywa yizimo zezulu:
- imvula yaminyaka yonke;
- ubukhona bokudla.
Isikhathi sonke sokudlela sithatha izinsuku eziyi-154. Imibhangqwana ayiqedi amachwane minyaka yonke. Lezo zinyoni ezikhule ngempumelelo ngonyaka owodwa, njengomthetho, thatha ikhefu ngokulandelayo futhi ungazaleli amaqanda.
Lesi sidleke sikhulu, siyisiyingi ngokuma, sibekwe esihlahleni esikhulu ukuphakama kwamamitha amathathu nohhafu kuya kwayi-18.
Ibanzi ngokwanele - cishe ngamamitha ayi-0.5, kepha ilenga egatsheni lobubanzi obuncane. Amagatsha omile namahlumela yizinto zokwakha. Inani lamaqanda abekiwe lilodwa, akuvamile ukuthi libe mabili. Insikazi ifukamela i-clutch isikhathi eside - izinsuku ezingama-38. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uhlanganyela ekuzingeleni. Lapho nje amaphuphu evela, insikazi iyamvumela ukuba avakashele isidleke ngokudla ukondla inzalo.
Izinga lokuchanyuselwa lisukela ku-50 liye ku-70. Osoklebe abasebasha baseHawaii bayakwazi ukundiza emavikini angu-7-8. Amachwane ayaqina emva kwezinsuku ezingama-59-63, futhi izinyoni ezindala zinakekela futhi zondle amaphuphu isikhathi esithile.
Ukudla kwe-hawk yaseHawaii
Olebe baseHawaii ngaphambi kokuvela komuntu eziqhingini badla izinambuzane ezinkulu, izinyoni ezincane kanye namaqanda azo. Ngemuva kokutholakala kweziQhingi zaseHawaii, kwavela amagundane ezweni lezintombi, elalingena lisuka emikhunjini liye ezweni.
Njengamanje, amagundane enza isisekelo sokudla kwezinyoni ezidla inyama. Okhozi baseHawaii baphinde babambe izibungu zamabhu amakhulu nezicabucabu futhi bacekele phansi izidleke zezinyoni ngokubamba amaqanda. Ngakho-ke bayazuza kuzinguquko ezithile ze-anthropogenic, futhi bavumelane nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza ezahlukahlukene zokudla. Ngakho-ke njengamanje, oklebe baseHawaii bazingela izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-23, izinhlobo ezi-6 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo ezi-7 zezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-crustaceans nama-amphibians akhona ekudleni kwabo.
Ukwakheka kwemenyu kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwendawo yokuhlala nezidleke zezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Isimo sokongiwa kukaklebe waseHawaii
Isibalo sabantu baseHawaii sibhekwa njengezinzile, kepha siphansi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, iziqhingi zihlala abantu abayi-1457 - 1600 (abantu abadala abayi-1120), kuze kufike ezinyonini ezingama-2700. Le nyoni yezinhlobo zezilwane ezidliwayo ihlukaniswa njengengacishe ibe sengozini ngoba inenqwaba ephansi ngokweqile nohlu oluncane lokusatshalaliswa, okwamanje okungekho idatha ngokwanda kwayo. Uma inani lezinyoni liqhubeka nokwehla, khona-ke le nqubo iqinisekisa isigaba sosongo esiphakeme kakhulu.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zibandakanya ukugawulwa kwamahlathi emadlelweni nasezimobeni, umoba, ukutshalwa kukagamthilini nokwakhiwa kwezindlu endaweni ebanzi, ikakhulukazi esifundeni sasePune. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-ungulates angenisiwe kwenza isimo samahlathi sibe sibi kakhulu futhi kucindezela ukuvuselelwa kwawo, kunomthelela ekubhujisweni kwezidleke. Ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo nakho kwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala yoKlebe yaseHawaii iyancipha ngenxa yokwehla kwezihlahla ze-metrosideros, ukusatshalaliswa kwazo kunqunyelwe ukuncintisana nezitshalo ezingaphandle kwezinye izindawo. Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezidla inyama luhlupheke kakhulu ngenxa yokudutshulwa. Zonke lezi zinsongo zivimbela ukubuyiswa kwesibalo sabantu baseHawaii.
