Inyoni enjalo engajwayelekile njenge ukhuni, kwakukhulunywa kakhulu ngayo emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yobuciko. Umuntu kufanele akhumbule kuphela "Amanothi oMzingeli" ngu-I.S. UTurgenev. I-woodcock inezimpaphe ezinhle nezinamaphethini, ikakhulukazi emaphikweni. Sizozama ukuhlaziya konke okuphathelene nomsebenzi obalulekile wale nyoni, kusukela emlandweni wemvelaphi yayo kuze kube sikhulu senani lezinyoni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Woodcock
UWoodcock uyisidalwa esinezimpaphe somndeni we-snipe kanye ne-charadriiformes. Ngokuvamile, kuhlobo lwezinkuni, kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ezifanayo kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kocingo oluncane futhi olucijile, umzimba ogcwele izigaxa nokufihla izimpaphe ezimnyama nsundu. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kuphela ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi, futhi abantu bezinye izindawo bahlala endaweni.
Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinkuni, kukhona:
- ukhuni lwenkuni;
- I-Amami woodcock;
- Inkuni yaseMalay;
- izinkuni Bukidnon;
- Inkuni enguMoluccan;
- Inkuni yaseMelika;
- i-woodcock yokwelapha;
- Inkuni entsha yaseGuinea.
Sizobheka ngokuningiliziwe ummeleli wokuqala kulolu hlu lwezinyoni. Ngomsindo wegama lenyoni, umuntu angezwa ukuthi inezimpande zaseJalimane, kuthi esiRashiya ingahunyushwa ngokuthi "umgibeli wehlathi". Bayibiza ngokhuni lwenkuni ngenye indlela, beyibiza ngokuthi i-krekhtun, i-sandpiper ebomvu, i-birch, i-boletus, i-sandpiper yase-upland, i-slug.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Iqhugwane linikezwe izimpaphe ezimbili ezisetshenziselwa ukudweba. Zinamacebo abukhali futhi atholakala emaphikweni enyoni. Amapeni anjalo ayesetshenziswa abadwebi bezithonjana zasendulo baseRussia, benza imivimbo emihle nolayini. Manje zisetshenziselwa ukudweba amabhokisi, amakesi kagwayi neminye imikhiqizo ebizayo eyisikhumbuzo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoni yeWoodcock
IWoodcock ingabizwa ngokuthi inyoni enkulu impela, iyafana nosayizi wejuba ngosayizi, iyisigaxa esinomthethosisekelo ominyene impela. Isici esihlukile ngumlomo oqondile futhi omude. Ubude bomzimba wale nyoni buhluka kusuka ku-33 kuye ku-38 cm, amaphiko angaba kusuka ku-55 kuye ku-65 cm, kanti isisindo se-woodcock sisuka ku-210 kuye ku-460 gram.
Ividiyo: Woodcock
Izimpaphe zalesi sigaxa sinombala onsundu ngokubomvu kusuka phezulu, imicu emnyama, ebomvu nebomvu iyabonakala kuso. Umbala ophaphathekile onemivimbo ewele umbala omnyama ubusa ngezansi; umbala onsundu ubonakala ngokusobala emilenzeni nasemlomo. Ngokuvamile, uqhwaku lwenyoni oluncane lunomumo oyindilinga nobude obungamasentimitha ayi-7 kuya kwayi-9. Amehlo asezingeni eliphakeme le-woodcock ahlehliselwe emuva, ngakho-ke le nyoni inombono omuhle kakhulu nxazonke futhi ingahlola isikhala esingu-360 degrees esizungezile. Umugqa omnyama onsundu ohluke kakhulu usuka phansi komlomo uye esweni. Futhi ngaphezulu kwekhanda, kukhona futhi imivimbo emithathu yobude, emibili emnyama nokukhanya okulodwa. Ingongolo inamaphiko amafushane futhi abanzi, futhi lapho indiza ifana nesikhova.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa iqhugwane elivuthiwe ezilwaneni ezisencane; lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ngochwepheshe owaziyo ukuthi kunephethini elithile ezimpikweni zezinyoni ezincane, futhi izimpaphe zabo zibukeka zimnyama kancane kunezabantu abadala.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-woodcock iyinhlakanipho yokuzifihla, noma ibanga elifushane nje ingatholakali, icishe ihlangane nendawo ezungezile, izimpaphe zayo zifana notshani obomile bonyaka odlule kanye namahlamvu abunile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhuni lwenkuni ngeke luzinikeze ngemisindo ehlukahlukene kanye nokuxokozela, kuhlala kungaziwa ehlathini.
Ihlala kuphi i-woodcock?
Isithombe: Woodcock eRussia
Singasho ukuthi i-woodcock ikhethe cishe lonke izwekazi lase-Eurasia, ikhetha amahlathi nezindawo ezinamahlathi asemahlathini ezindaweni zayo zokwakha izidleke. Le nyoni isabalele endaweni eyayiyi-USSR, ayitholakali eKamchatka nasezifundeni eziningana zaseSakhalin. Ama-Woodcock angabokufuduka futhi ahlala phansi, konke kuya ngesimo sezulu sendawo ethile lapho behlala khona. Izinyoni ezibekwe eCaucasus, eCrimea, ngasogwini lolwandle entshonalanga yeYurophu, eziqhingini zase-Atlantic azihambeli ndawo ebusika, zihlala ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala.
Izikhukhukazi ezifudukayo zihamba ngokuzula lapho kuqala isimo sezulu sokuqala esibandayo, ngo-Okthoba-Novemba, konke futhi kuya ngendawo ethile yokuhlala. Ama-Woodcock aya ebusika endaweni:
- India;
- ECeylon;
- Iran;
- Indochina;
- Afghanistan;
- ingxenye esenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Izinyoni zindiza zibheke eningizimu, zombili ngazinye nangomhlambi, bese kuthi iningi lazo libuyele lapho lalihlala khona.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Indiza yezinyoni eya eningizimu iqala kusihlwa noma ekuseni kakhulu. Imvamisa izingongolo zikwazi ukundiza ebusuku, uma isimo sezulu sivuma, nasemini, izinyoni zikhetha ukuphumula.
Izinyoni zihlela izindawo zokwakha izidleke ezindaweni ezihlwabusayo noma ezixubekile, lapho kunomhlabathi omanzi nezinkuni eziwugqinsi, lo mhlonyane unamahlathi okusajingijolo nama-hazel. Ama-Woodcock ahlala lapho kukhula khona ama-blueberries, amaferns ahlukahlukene nezinye izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphansi. Izinyoni zithanda izindawo eziseduze nemizimba emincane yamanzi, zihlala ngasogwini lwamaxhaphozi, lapho zizifunela khona ukudla, futhi zikhetha ukuphumula emaphethelweni akhanyayo nawomile nasemaphoyiseni. Ama-Woodcock agwema amahlathi alula. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, izinyoni zinamathela kuma-biotopes afanayo, zenza ukufuduka kaningi, zizifunele ukudla.
Yini edliwa yinkukhu?
Isithombe: Woodcock indiza
Ngokuyinhloko, imenyu ye-woodcock iqukethe izikelemu zomhlaba, ngezinga elikhulu phakathi nesikhathi sokungazaleli, ngakho-ke izinyoni zifuna ukudla lapho kukhona ungqimba oluhle, lwe-humus, lwenhlabathi.
Futhi, ukudla kwezinyoni kuqukethe izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene nezibungu zazo, okungukuthi:
- IZhukov;
- izicabucabu;
- izindlebe;
- sawflies;
- amasentimitha.
Izitsha zemifino nazo zikhona kwimenyu, kepha ngamanani amancane, zifaka: ummbila, okusanhlamvu, imbewu ye-oat, amahlumela amancane otshani, amajikijolo. Ngesikhathi sezindiza, izingodo ezinamagobolondo zingadla izakhamizi ezincane ezihlala emanzini angenasawoti (ama-crustaceans, ama-bivalve molluscs, ama-fish gazinga namaxoxo amancane).
Sekuyisikhathi sokwembula ingqikithi yemfihlo yomlomo wenyoni omile futhi mncane, ukuma kwawo nosayizi wawo kusiza iqhwa ukuba lithole isidlo esincane kunazo zonke emathunjini egxolo lesihlahla cishe ngaphandle kwezithiyo. Ithiphu loqhwaku luneziphetho ezingazweli kakhulu zezinzwa ezikwaziyo ukubona ukuthambekela kwezikelemu ebugqineni bomhlaba ngamagagasi adlidlizayo aphuma kuzo. Zifuna ukudla, izinyoni ziyaphuma kusihlwa noma ebusuku, zihamba kancane edlelweni noma ezindaweni ezisogwini lwexhaphozi, zifuna okuthile okumnandi ngokucwilisa uqhwaku lwazo olude enhlabathini ethambile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Woodcock
Ama-Woodcock angabizwa ngokuthi ama-hermits, akhetha ukuhlala wedwa, futhi aqoqane ngemihlambi kuphela lapho ehlangana ezifundeni eziseningizimu. Le nyoni ithule impela, izwi layo uyizwa kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bayaxokozela, benze imisindo ethule efana nokukhonona, abazingeli bababiza ngokuthi "ukububula". Ngemuva kwalezi zingoma ezintathu noma ezine zalezi zingoma zokukhononda, ukuphela kwengoma kuza, okubonakaliswa impempe ephezulu kakhulu ethi "qi-ciq", ezwakala amakhulu amamitha. Lapho abesilisa kufanele bajahe izimbangi zabo emoyeni, kungenzeka impela ukuzwa ukukhala okukhipha inhliziyo kwe- "plip-plip-piss", izimpi ezinjalo zivame ukuvela phakathi kwabesilisa nonyaka wokuqala.
Ama-Woodcock ayimfihlo kakhulu, indlela yabo yokuphila ikakhulukazi yasebusuku. Kusesikhathini esimnyama lapho bephuma khona beyofuna ukudla, kuthi emini bazihlanganise ngekhono emahlathini ahlukahlukene, bekwenza lokhu ngekhono elingavamile, ngenxa yombala wezinhlanga. Umsebenzi wokuphila kwezinkuni ufana nesikhova, lawa ma-waders asaba ukuhlaselwa yizilwane nabantu, ngakho-ke ayasebenza uma kuhlwa. Ngesikhathi sendiza, izingodo zezinkuni nazo zifana nezikhova.
Uma umhlaseli esondela kakhulu eqhugwaneni, khona-ke inyoni isuka ngokungazelelwe. Umbala ogqamile wezimpaphe ezitholakala ngaphansi kwamaphiko udida isitha isikhashana, okunikeza isikhathi sokuba inyoni icashe emqhele womuthi. AmaWoodcock anamakhono okundiza angempela, ngakho-ke kujwayelekile ukuthi enze ukujika okunzima kakhulu ne-pirouette ngesikhathi sendiza.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Woodcock ebusika
Sekuvele ukuthi izinkuni zezinkuni zingabantu abanesizungu, ngakho-ke izinyunyana zomndeni eziqinile akuyona indlela yazo. Amabili wezinyoni adalwa isikhathi esifushane ukuze kukhiqizwe inzalo futhi. Eziduna zifuna abalingani, okwenza uchungechunge lwemisindo ekhethekile yokubiza lapho zindiza kunoma iyiphi indawo. Balindele ukuthi abanye besifazane nakanjani bazophendula kuma-trill abo.
Kwakheke isikhashana, umbhangqwana uqala ukuhlomisa isidleke sawo somhlabathi, usebenzisa amahlamvu, ubulembu, utshani namahlumela amancane ekwakhiweni kwawo. Esikhunjeni sezinkuni, kukhona amaqanda ama-3 noma ama-4, igobolondo lawo ligcwele izinhlayiya. Ukuchanyuselwa kwenzalo kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-25. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, kuzalwa amantshontsho ezingane, ahlotshiswe ngomugqa ogijima ngemuva, okuthi ngokuzayo uphenduke umbala wawo oyingqayizivele, okuyikhadi lokubiza lenyoni.
Kumele kungezwe ukuthi umama onezimpaphe ubandakanyeka kuphela ekukhuliseni izingane, ubaba akahlanganyeli empilweni yenzalo yakhe. Insikazi inenkinga enzima, idinga ukubheka ukudla futhi ivikele izingane ezinganeni eziyingozi. Ukuvikela izingane engozini, umama uzihambisa ngezidladla noma ngomlomo ukuze aziyise endaweni ecashile engafinyeleleki ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Izingane zikhula futhi zikwazi ukuzimela ngokushesha ngokwanele.
Kakade amahora amathathu ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, amaphuphu asemi emilenzeni yawo, futhi lapho esenamasonto amathathu andiza aphume ngokuphelele esidlekeni sabazali eyofuna impilo yawo ezimele, okuthi, ngokuqondana okuhle kwezimo, enze lezi zinyoni zibe neminyaka eyi-10 - 11 ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo zikaWoodcock
Isithombe: Woodcock ehlathini
Yize izingodo zezinkuni zihlukaniswa ngethalente elingenakuqhathaniswa lokuzifihla, zisenezitha eziningi. Izilwane ezinezimpaphe zasemini cishe azilethi izinyoni, ngoba Ama-Woodcock awatholakali emini, aqala ukusebenza kusihlwa. Kodwa izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezihamba ebusuku ziyingozi kakhulu kulezi zinambuzane. Okwezikhova kanye nezikhova zokhozi, i-woodcock isisulu esamukelekile, bayakwazi ukuyibamba lapho indiza. Ngaphezu kokuhlaselwa ngumoya, ingozi ilele ngokulalela uthayela phansi, lapha bangaba izisulu ze-weasel, badger, ermine, marten, fox, ferret. Ama-Weasel ayingozi ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abafukamela amaqanda namachwane abo asanda kuzalwa.
Phakathi kwezitha zezinkuni, umuntu angabala uhlu lwamagundane nama-hedgehogs entshontsha amaqanda ezinyoni nezinsana ezinezimpaphe. Izinyoni zibuye zibe nesihluku esiyingozi semilenze emibili esibizwa ngokuthi indoda. Izinyoni eziningi zifa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezindiza, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngephutha lomuntu. Umuntu ubheka ukuzingela lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni njengomsebenzi ohlonishwayo nojabulisayo. Ngesikhathi sendiza, izingodo zezinkuni zivame ukumemeza, zizinikeze abazingeli, abavame ukusebenzisa ama-decoys akhethekile ukuze babambe indebe abayifunayo.
Kwezinye izifunda, akuvunyelwe ukuzingela izingodo, ezindaweni zamanye amazwe kunqunywa izikhathi ezikhethekile zokuzingela okungenzeka. Kukhona nezinyathelo ezinjalo zokuvikela ezivunyelwe ukuzingela abesilisa kuphela. Ukulwa nokuzingela ngokungemthetho kanye nezinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuvikela nokuvimbela zivikela lezi zinyoni, zivimbela inani lezinyoni ekusondeleni ekuqothulweni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoni yeWoodcock
Ziningi izinto ezingezinhle ezithinta inani lama-woodcock, kepha, ngenhlanhla, lezi zinyoni azikho engozini, futhi indawo abahlala kuyo ihlala njengakuqala, ibanzi kakhulu. Njengoba sekushiwo, i-woodcock iyindebe yokuzingela efiselekayo kakhulu, imvamisa amateurs enza ngayo izilwane ezigxotshiwe ngayo, ngoba inyoni ibukeka yinhle futhi inemibala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IWoodcock kungashiwo ngokuzethemba ukuthi kuthiwa izinyoni "zakudala", ngoba uvame ukushiwo ezindabeni zababhali bakudala baseRussia ngokuzingela (eChekhov, Turgenev, Troepolsky, Tolstoy, njll.)
Ukuvikela i-woodcock emisebenzini yokuzingela, amazwe amaningi sekuyisikhathi eside esebenzisa izindlela eziningi ezivimbelayo noma ezivimbelayo ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni inani lezinyoni lisezingeni elifanele. Ezinyonini, usongo olukhulu akusikho ukuzingela ngqo, kodwa isimo semvelo ngokujwayelekile kanye nokwehla kwezindawo zokuhlala zalezi zinyoni, ngakho-ke abantu kufanele bacabange ngemisebenzi yabo ebhubhisayo nengacabangi elimaza iningi labafowethu abancane, kufaka phakathi izinkuni.
Ngokuqondene nesimo sokongiwa kwalezi zinyoni ezithokozisayo, ngokwe-IUCN, lezi zinyoni zidala ukungakhathazeki okuncane, okuyizindaba ezinhle. Singathemba kuphela futhi senze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi isimo esihle kangaka mayelana nezinombolo zezinyoni zihlala esikhathini esizayo.
Ekugcineni, kusala ukwengeza lokho ukhuni enhle ngokungajwayelekile ngenxa yezimpaphe zayo ezinephethini. Ukumbona kuyisimangaliso sangempela, ngoba insiba ikhetha ukucasha futhi ingungqondongqondo wokuzifihla. Imvamisa, singabheka ukuheha kwayo esithombeni kuphela, kepha ngokwazi ukuthi le nyoni ayisongelwa ngokunyamalala, inhliziyo iba lula, ikhanye futhi ijabule ngokwengeziwe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.02.2020
Usuku lokuvuselela: 12.01.2020 ngo-20: 46
