I-Coyote - lena yimpisi yedlelo, lesi silwane asithathi ukukhuthazela nokubekezela, sivumelanisa kalula nezimo ezahlukahlukene, ngoba asithobeki. Ama-Aztec ambiza nge-coyotl ("inja yaphezulu"), ezinganekwaneni zawo wenza njengonkulunkulu ngobuqili, ngenkohliso, ngokukhohlakala nangobuqili. Kepha, ingabe i-coyote inobuqili futhi iqinile njengoba besho? Lokhu sizoqonda ngokuningiliziwe, njengoba sicabangele izici zayo eziyinhloko, imikhuba kanye nomlingiswa.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Coyote
I-coyote yisilwane esidla ezinye esihlobene ngqo nomndeni we-canine. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiLatini, igama lalesi silwane lisho ukuthi "inja ekhonkothayo". I-coyote ayibizwa ngenja kuphela, kodwa futhi iyimpisi, kuphela idlelo, yize i-coyote incane kakhulu ngosayizi wempisi ejwayelekile. Ubude bomzimba wayo bufinyelela imitha elilodwa, ngaphandle komsila, obude obucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-30. Ukuphakama kwempunga lapho ibuna kuyingxenye yemitha, futhi ubukhulu bayo buhluka kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-21 kg. Impisi inkulu futhi inkulu kune-coyote, isisindo sayo sisuka kuma-32 kuye kuma-60 kg.
Ividiyo: Coyote
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-coyote subspecies, manje seziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye zazo. Izinhlobo zihluka ngosayizi nombala wejazi loboya. Kuya ngokuhlala unomphela kokunye noma okunye okungaphansi kwama-coyotes. Ngaphandle, i-coyote ayifani nje nempisi kuphela, ibukeka njengejakalase nenja ejwayelekile. AmaCoyotes aqhamuka njengezilwane ezihlukile emuva ngasekupheleni kwePliocene (eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili edlule).
Iqiniso elithandekayo: ama-coyotes angahlangana nazo zombili izinja nezimpisi (ezibomvu nezimpunga), ngaleyo ndlela zenze ama-hybridi. I-coyote / inja eyi-hybrid iyaziwa ukuthi inesimo esidla kakhulu, ihlasela imfuyo kaningi kune-coyote ejwayelekile.
Indawo ehlala unomphelo coyote ikhula kancane kancane, le nqubo yaqala ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, lapho inani lezimpisi ezibomvu nezimpunga lehla kakhulu ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwabo ngabantu. I-coyote yeza ukuzongena esikhundleni sezimpisi ezisendaweni yazo, zisakazeka kabanzi kulo lonke izwekazi laseNyakatho Melika.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-coyote yezilwane
I-coyote ibukeka izacile futhi inciphile, isilwane sinemilenze emide kodwa eqinile. Umsila wesilwane ucwebezela futhi umude, njalo uqondiswe phansi. Isifonyo se-coyote sinwetshiwe futhi sakhonjwa kancane, okwenza sibonakale ngathi siyimpungushe.
Izindlebe zikhulu ngokwanele, zingunxantathu futhi zibanzi zihlukene, zihlala zimile, ukuze zibonakale kude. Amehlo omdliwo mancane futhi athanda ukwazi, anombala onsundu noma we-amber, futhi i-lobe yempumulo ebukhali imnyama, nxazonke kukhona izintshebe ezingavamile (vibrissae).
Izidliwayo zinezinwele ezinde futhi ezinde, umbala wazo ohlukile kuye ngendawo ezithunyelwe kuyo unomphela, kungaba:
- Okumpunga;
- Okubomvu;
- Mhlophe;
- Onsundu;
- Nsundu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ama-coyotes ahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba anombala omnyama woboya, futhi izilwane eziye zathanda izindawo eziwugwadule zihlukaniswa ngombala onsundu okhanyayo.
Isisu sama-coyotes nengaphakathi lentamo zihlala zikhanya, futhi ichopho lomsila limnyama. Izindlebe ezikhonjiwe zinokuthinta kwekhanda elithile elibomvu ngaphezulu, lo mthunzi ungalandelwa embotsheni eyindilinga yesilwane esidla ezinye. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbala wesilwane awuyona i-monochromatic, futhi kuhlale kunamachashazi acwebezelayo ombala omnyama ompunga nomnyama kujazi.
Ungamangali ukuthi i-coyote ibukeka njengempisi kanye nenja ejwayelekile ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba ingeyomndeni we-canine nohlobo lwezimpisi. Njengakwezinye izidalwa eziningi, ama-coyotes abesifazane mancane kunamaduna.
Ihlala kuphi icoyote?
Isithombe: Wild Coyote
Njengoba sekushiwo, uhla lwama-coyotes manje selubanzi kakhulu, yize lesi silwane sasingaqhamukanga kangako phambilini. Manje ama-coyotes ahlaliswe kulo lonke elaseNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi, ububanzi bawo busuka e-Alaska buye eCosta Rica. Eminyakeni engaphansi kwekhulu edlule, i-coyote yayinendawo yokuhlala unomphela ezigodini, ihlala ezindaweni ezisukela eMississippi kuya ezintabeni zaseSierra Nevada, futhi isuka esifundazweni saseCanada i-Alberta iye esifundazweni saseMexico. Lesi silo besingaziwa eningizimu nasempumalanga ye-United States.
Manje isimo sesishintshe kakhulu, lokhu kwenzeke ngezizathu eziningana:
- Ngenxa yokuqedwa kwamahlathi okukhulu;
- Ukubhujiswa kwezimpisi ezibomvu nezimpunga ngabantu, okuyizimbangi ezinkulu zama-coyotes.
Konke lokhu kwavumela ama-coyotes ukuthi asakaze kulezo zindawo lapho lesi silwane sasingakaze sibonwe khona ngaphambili. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi "sokujaha igolide" izidlo zilandela abafuna insimbi eyigugu futhi ngaleyo ndlela bafika endaweni yase-Alaska naseCanada, lapho bahlala khona ngokuphepha kuze kube namuhla. Ezifundazweni zaseMelika ezinjengeFlorida neGeorgia, abantu uqobo lwabo baletha lezi zilwane njengomdlalo. Okwamanje, ama-coyotes ahlala kuzo zonke izifundazwe zase-United States, ngaphandle kwesisodwa, lezi zidlakela azikho eHawaii.
Lesi silwane sithanda amathafa avulekile, ahlala ezigodini, ezimfundeni, ezingwadule nasehlane eliwugwadule, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi sasibizwa ngokuthi "impisi yedlelo". Kwesinye isikhathi, ama-coyotes nawo angangena emahlathini, kepha hhayi isikhathi eside; ama-coyotes nawo ahlala esihlahleni. Lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zingabizwa ngama-generalists, ngoba zijwayela kalula futhi zivumelane ngokuphelele nanoma iyiphi imvelo. AmaCoyotes angahlala ezindaweni ezikude zasendle nasemaphethelweni amadolobha amakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, iLos Angeles).
Iqiniso elithandekayo: ama-coyotes anekhono lokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nanoma yikuphi ukwakheka kwe-anthropogenic, futhi ezindaweni zezintaba zingatholakala endaweni ephakeme ka-2 - 3 km.
Idlani iphuphu?
Isithombe: North Coyote
Ama-Coyotes angabizwa ngokuthi ama-omnivores, imenyu yawo iqukethe ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo. Vele, iphesenti lokudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane ekudleni liphindwe kaningi. Lezi zilwane azidli ngokudla. AmaCoyotes adla zonke izinhlobo zamagundane amancane, onogwaja, izimbila, izinja zasemaphandleni, izingwejeje zomhlabathi, futhi angahlasela i-skunk, possum, beaver, ferret, raccoon. Impisi yedlelo ayinqeni ukudla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, idla izinyoni (pheasants).
I-Coyote ayivamisile ukuzingelwa imfuyo, izinyamazane zasendle kanye nezinyamazane, kepha izimvu ezifuywayo zivame ukuba yizisulu zalesi silwane. E-United States, kugcinwa izibalo, lapho kwavezwa khona ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisithupha wazo zonke izimvu ezibhujisiwe ziyizisulu ze-coyote. Ngaphezu kwezimvu ezifuywayo, zasendle zasentabeni nazo zikhona kwimenyu ye-coyote. Umzingeli ngeke enqabe izinyoka kanye izimfudu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: i-coyote iyabhukudi elihle, okuthi, uma lisemanzini, likwazi ukubamba izakhamizi ezinjengama-newt, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi namaxoxo.
Kakhulu ngezikhathi zehlobo nasekwindla, ukudla kwezitshalo nakho kuvela ekudleni kwecoyote:
- Izithelo ezahlukahlukene;
- Amajikijolo;
- Izithelo;
- Amantongomane;
- Imbewu ye-sunflower.
Ama-coyotes ahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ajwayele ukudla izidumbu phakathi nezikhathi ezinzima zasebusika. Imvamisa bajaha umhlambi wabantu abangasetshenziswanga, bafuna abagulayo nababuthakathaka kuwo, futhi badla nabawile. Amacala okuhlaselwa ngama-coyotes kubantu aqabile ngokwedlulele, yize enzekile, ngisho nokuhlaselwa okubili kwaqoshwa lapho kufa khona umuntu. AmaCoyotes awawesabi amadolobha amakhulu futhi ngezikhathi zendlala ajwayele ukuvakashela izindawo zawo zokulahla imfucuza, efuna ukungcola kokudla kwabantu.
Uma ukuhlaselwa komuntu kungenzeka kakhulu, okuhlukile kulo mthetho, khona-ke i-coyote idla izilwane ezifuywayo ezinjengamakati nezinja ezincane ngenjabulo enkulu. Ngokuvamile, njengoba ubona, imenyu yempisi yedlelo icebile kakhulu futhi ihlukahlukene, iqukethe inani elikhulu lezitsha zalo lonke ukunambitheka. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imbangi eyinhloko yesidliwayo maqondana nokudla yimpungushe ebomvu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: American Coyote
Kuze kube muva nje, ama-coyotes abhekwa njengabantu abanesizungu, kepha ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ososayensi lukhombisile ukuthi lokhu akunjalo neze. Ngokwemvelo yazo, lezi zilwane zinomfazi oyedwa, ama-coyotes akha umbhangqwana oqinile oshadile. Ezindaweni lapho ukudla kunenala khona, izilwane zivame ukuhlala emhlambini ophelele, okubandakanya ikakhulu abazali kanye nokukhula kwabo okuncane kusuka enzalweni yokugcina. Imihlambi yama-coyotes yakha noma ngabe zimbalwa izilwane ezincane endaweni yazo, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu zodwa, ngakho-ke izilwane ezidla ezinye ziyahlangana ukubamba umdlalo omkhulu.
I-coyote ivame ukuzingela kusihlwa. Ukuzingelwa kwesilwane kwamagundane amancane nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo kuphila kukodwa. Okokuqala, i-coyote ibheka inyamazane yayo yesikhathi esizayo, futhi lapho iyibona, isondela kuyo ngokucophelela okukhulu, bese ishesha ngokugxuma okukodwa kombani, icindezele inyamazane phansi bese iluma umphimbo wayo ngeminwe ebukhali.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubona, iphunga nokuzwa kwama-coyotes kumane nje kuhle kakhulu, okuwasiza kakhulu lapho kuzingelwa. Lezi zidliwayo nazo zingabagijimi abakhulu, abakwazi ukusheshisa kuze kufike kumakhilomitha angama-64 ngehora. Ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu, ama-coyotes akha amaqembu azungeze futhi aqhube inyamazane yawo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: ngokuzingela okuhlangene okukhiqizayo, ama-coyotes angene ekusebenzisaneni nama-badger, ngokusobala ahambisa imisebenzi yawo yokuzingela phakathi kwawo. Lapho isithole imbobo, imbila iqala ukuwukhipha, iwukhiphele ngaphandle izakhamuzi zawo, futhi i-coyote ibheka eduze ukuze ingalahlekelwa muntu. Inzuzo yokuhlangana okungajwayelekile ngukuthi imbila, ngenkathi imba imigodi, ihlala ngaphansi kwesivikelo sempisi yedlelo, ithola inyamazane ekwazi ukuyibamba ngqo emgodini, kanti impungushe ibamba labo abazama ukubaleka.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-coyotes kwenzeka kusetshenziswa imisindo ehlukahlukene, ngayinye inencazelo yayo. Lapho zaziswa ngendawo ezikuyo, izilwane zikhipha ukuhhewula isikhathi eside. Umsindo onjengowenja ekhonkotha umemezela usongo. Umkhala omncane ubizwa njengesibonakaliso sokubingelela. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-coyotes ahewula lapho ethola inyamazane enkulu ukuze abizele wonke umhlambi kuleyo ndawo. Ukukhala okukhulu nokukhala kungazwakala emidlwane emincane ngesikhathi semidlalo yokudlala.
AmaCoyotes ahlala, imvamisa imigodi, evame ukuzimba yodwa, yize kwesinye isikhathi ingahlala izimpungushe ezingenalutho nezindawo zokuhlala amabheji. Umhume onjalo utholakala maphakathi nempahla yabo ehlukile, lapho kuhlala khona izithandani noma umhlambi omncane wama-coyotes, imvamisa indawo yendawo enjalo ingaba amakhilomitha-skwele angama-20. Imvamisa, ama-coyotes athola izindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana, abazihlela ezihlahleni eziminyene, emifantwini yamatshe nasemigodini ephansi. Bazisebenzisela ukuphumula isikhashana noma ukukhosela kunoma yiluphi usongo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isilwane seCoyote
AmaCoyotes ayavuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka eyodwa, lokhu kusebenza kubo bobabili abesifazane nabesilisa. Kepha izilwane zakha umbhangqwana osondele eminyakeni emibili yokuphila, kungumbutho wazo omkhulu wezenhlalo, yize kaningi izilwane zihlala emihlanjini emincane. Isikhathi sokukhwelana salezi zinja sisebenza kakhulu ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe izinyanga ezimbili.
Inqwaba yama-coyotes angaba namawundlu asukela kwayi-4 kuye kwayi-12, noma engase abe maningi. Inani lemidlwane lincike ekusakazeni kwamantshontsho endaweni enikeziwe. Lapho kuneziningi zalezi zilwane ezidla ezinye, zincane izingane ezizalelwa lapho, futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho inani lama-coyotes lincane, kunemidlwane eminingi kudoti.
Izingane zizalwa zingaboni. Umama ubaphatha ngobisi isikhathi esingangenyanga nengxenye. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekukhuliseni futhi babonisa ukunakekela okumangalisayo ezinganeni zabo. Owesilisa uvikela umhhume kubantu abangafuneki kahle futhi uletha ukudla kowesifazane, futhi wondla amawundlu ngokudla okuvuselelwe kabusha. Maphakathi nesonto lesibili, imidlwane iqala ukubona kahle, kuthi lapho inezinyanga eziyisithupha iba nokuzimela ngokwengeziwe, futhi abazali bayo baqale ukubafundisa ukuzingela.
Phakathi kwezinsikazi esezikhulile, ezeduna zishiya ngokushesha abazali bazo, zithole imindeni yazo kanye nensimu yazo, kuthi ezinsikazi esezikhulile zikhetha ukuhlala emhlambini wabazali. Ukuzalwa kwenzalo emndenini wama-coyotes kwenzeka kanye onyakeni owodwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa phakathi kwalezi zilwane laqoshwa onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila. Futhi isikhathi sokuphila sama-coyotes ahlala endle cishe iminyaka emihlanu, yize ekuthunjweni lesi silwane singaphila kuze kufike ku-18.
Izitha zemvelo zama-coyotes
Isithombe: Coyote
O, futhi impilo ayilula ngecoyote endle, ezimweni zemvelo. Isilwane sihlala sinengcindezi, silwela ukudla, sicasha ngezilwane ezinkulu nezinesabekayo, sifuna izindawo ezifanele zokuhlala unomphela, ezihlushwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zama-parasites nezifo. Kuhle ukuthi lesi silwane esingenakuzithoba, siqinile futhi siyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokuphelele nezimo zemvelo ezishintshayo.
Phakathi kwezitha ze-coyote kukhona:
- Pum;
- Amabhere;
- Izinja ezinkulu;
- Volokov;
- OKlebe;
- Izikhova;
- I-Orlov.
Ama-coyotes amancane angaphezu kwesigamu afa ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele eminyakeni eyodwa. Isizathu salokhu akusizona nje izidalwa ezinkulu kuphela, kodwa futhi nazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo, okuyingozi kakhulu kuzo amarabi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ama-coyotes awakudeleli ukubola, ngakho-ke ingozi yokuthola izifo kulezi zinhlobo iphezulu kakhulu.
Noma kunjalo, isitha esinolaka kunazo zonke sekhokhono ngumuntu. Kubalimi baseMelika, i-coyote yaziwa njengomphangi ochitha yonke imihlambi yezimvu ezifuywayo, ngakho-ke, e-United States, iziphathimandla zikuvumile ukudutshulwa kwalezi zilwane ezidlayo. Abantu bafaka amakhola afakwe ubuthi ezimvwini, bahola ukuzingelwa kwezemidlalo kuma-coyotes, babeke zonke izinhlobo zezicupho nezicupho, bashise yonke indawo yokuhlala kwabo unomphela, kepha zonke lezi zinyathelo azithinti inani lezilwane, ezikhula kancane kancane minyaka yonke.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Wild Coyote
Ngenhlanhla, inani lezimpisi zasemathafeni alikho engozini, izilwane zizizwa zikhulu, zihlala kuzo zonke izindawo ezintsha. Uma ezilwaneni eziningi ezidla ezinye indawo yazo iyancipha, khona-ke kuma-coyotes isimo siphikisana ngokuphelele, unyaka nonyaka izindawo ezihlala lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo ziya ngokuya zanda.
Njengoba sekushiwo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezimpisi ezibomvu nezimpunga kwabangela amankankane ukuba afudukele ezindaweni lapho lezi zilwane zazingekho khona ngaphambili. Abakwazanga nje ukuhlala kahle lapho, kepha futhi bande ngokushesha, bazizwa bekhululekile. AmaCoyotes awantuli amandla, ukukhuthazela nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Zingezinye zezilwane ezimbalwa ezikwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nokuphila ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni.
Abantu abawathandi nhlobo ama-coyotes, ngoba bahlala behlasela imihlambi yezimvu. Ngenxa yalokho, izilwane zibulawa ngokudutshulwa okukhulu. Isibonelo, eColorado, abantu babulala ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-80 alezi zilwane, kanti naseTexas - cishe ngama-57. kuyingozi kakhulu emvelweni.
Zonke izindlela zabantu zokuqothula lezi zidlakela azibonakalanga zingasebenzi, futhi inani lama-coyotes lisanda kuze kube namuhla. Kodwa endaweni yase-Yellowstone National Park, bathola indlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa inani lama-coyotes ngokuzalanisa izimpisi, ngenxa yalokho eminyakeni emibili inani lama-coyotes lancishiswa. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani lalezi zilwane libanzi futhi lisabalele, azikho izinsongo ezikhethekile ezinombolweni zalo.
Ekuphetheni, kusala ukwengeza ukuthi ekuzithobeni nasekukhuthazeleni i-coyote ilele amandla ayo amakhulu namandla, okungayivumeli nje kuphela ukuthi iphile ezimweni ezinzima zemvelo, kodwa futhi nokuzala ngokuphelele, ithathe indawo enkulu yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi impunga ihlasela izimvu ezifuywayo, ibuye izuze, icekele phansi kakhulu izinambuzane ezifana namagundane namagundane.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 10.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-16: 16
