Ummeleli ovelele weqembu laseColeoptera ngu phinda usebenzise umuthi wokugawula imithi... Lesi sinambuzane sinezici ezinhle, intshebe ende nezinye izici eziningi ezingalibaleki. Lesi silwane sathola igama laso ngokuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zokuziphatha nezingokomzimba: isihlahla siyikhaya labaphangi abagawula izingodo, sisebenza njengokudla kwabo. Ezinye izici zalesi sinambuzane zichazwe kule ncwadi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Umsiki wezinkuni
Umgawuli wezinkuni unamagama amaningi. Imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-relic noma i-Ussuri barbel, i-Ussuri woodcutter. NgesiLatini, lesi silwane sibizwa ngeCallipogon relictus. Ababambi bamapulangwe bangabomndeni we-barbel, umndeni omncane we-prionin. Bangabameleli abavelele be-oda elikhulu lamabhungane. E-Eurasia, lesi sinambuzane saziwa njengebhungane elikhulu kunawo wonke.
Ividiyo: I-Relic Lumberjack
Umgawuli wepulangwe ungomunye wabantu abahlala "endulo" emhlabeni wethu. Wayengufakazi, obambe iqhaza ngqo ezinguquko eziningi ezenzeka eMhlabeni eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule. Ibizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi "ukwenziwa kwenkathi yenkathi", "izinsalela eziphilayo". Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ussuri barbel ukuphela kwebhungane elishisayo lohlobo lweCallipogon oluhlala eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Bonke abanye abamele lolu hlobo bahlala eMelika kuphela.
Umgawuli wezinkuni uhlukile hhayi ngemvelaphi yakhe nomlando wakhe kuphela. Leli bhungane lihlukile kwezinye izici zokuziphatha nokuziphatha. Ngakho-ke, ukubhuza kwayo akujwayelekile neze kubhungane, kufana nokubhonga okuqhubekayo, okukhulu.
Umgawuli wezinkuni okwakhiwa kabusha unokwehluka okuthile kwamanye amabhungane alolu hlobo. Unemihlathi emihlathi engenhla ngokuphelele. Ingemuva lomzimba lide kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, amadevu angaphandle abukeka emfishane kakhulu kunalawo amanye amabhungane ohlobo. Amehlo esilwane ahlanganiswa ndawonye emqhele, futhi emaphethelweni e-prothorax kunezinsipho esikhundleni sezinothi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Hlanganisa isinambuzane sokugawula izinkuni
I-Ussuri barbel yizinambuzane ezinkulu kunazo zonke e-Eurasia. Abesilisa bangafika kubude bamamilimitha ayikhulu neshumi, abesifazane abakhuli ngaphezu kwamamilimitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Umbala wamabhungane unesici - umnyama noma umnyama ngokwedlulele. Imilenze nayo ipendwe ngokumnyama, kanti i-elytra iyi-brown-chestnut. Isinambuzane sinamabala amancane amabili okukhanya kuphela ku-pronotum.
Intshebe ende iyisici sangaphandle sesici samabhungane anjalo. Izimpondo zabesilisa zinde ukudlula ezabesifazane. Kwesinye isikhathi kweqa ingxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba wonke. Futhi, abesilisa banamagunya ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Usayizi wazo uvame ukuphindwa kaningana ubukhulu bekhanda lowesilisa. Ifakwe ekugcineni kwe-mandible. Umhlathi ophansi nodebe kumbozwe ukuzwa. Inkulu kakhulu futhi iwolintshi ngombala. Okugunyaziwe kwabesifazane kufushane kunekhanda.
Zonke izimpondo ezinde ze-Ussuri zinamaphiko nokubekezela okuhle. Bayakwazi ukundiza amabanga amade. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokundiza ibukeka ingathandeki kubo. Abantu abakhulu bahamba kancane, bahlangabezana nobunzima ngesikhathi sokwenyuka.
Umgawuli wezinkuni ophindayo uneconvex, isnciphiso esincishisiwe kancane. I-elytra yayo yinde, incishisiwe kancane engxenyeni yesibili. Kunamachashazi amancane, imivimbo ku-elytra. Abesifazane banamachashazi amaningi, abesilisa banemivimbo eminingi.
Uhlala kuphi umgawuli wezinkuni?
Isithombe: I-Relic wood cutter Red Book
I-Ussuri barbel iyinambuzane engajwayelekile, ngokungafani nenye i-barbel. Indawo yemvelo yalesi silwane yi-Asia, iYurophu neRussia. Umgawuli wezinkuni ovame kakhulu eRussian Federation. Umngcele osenyakatho-ntshonalanga yendawo uhlala esifundeni sase-Amur. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lale mabhungane latholakala eduze kwedolobha laseRaichikhinsk. Abanye abantu batholakale kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo: iMazanovsky, Arkharinsky, Selemdzhinsky.
Ngamanani amancane, lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane lutholwe ngokungalindelekile eziqiwini zaseNorsk naseKingansky. Manje ivikelwe kakhulu ezindaweni zalezi ziqiwu, ngoba umgawuli wezinkuni osengcupheni yokuqothulwa usengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Futhi, indawo yemvelo ifaka iKhabarovsk Territory. Lapho, ibhungane lihlala enyakatho yeKhabarovsk, ePrimorsky Krai, esifundeni esizimele samaJuda. Umngcele osenyakatho wale ndawo usesigodini sase-Ekimchan.
Ensimini yendawo yemvelo yokuqedwa kwamapulangwe okwenziwe kabusha, ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zebarbel zihlala. Ungahlukanisa kanjani iCallipogon relicus? La mabhungane awalokothi afihle izimpondo ngaphansi kwawo, ngokungafani nezihlobo zawo eziseduze. Bangabaphonsa kuphela ngemuva.
Futhi, indawo yemvelo yalesi silwane ifaka izindawo zaseNingizimu Korea, iNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, kanye ne-DPRK. Lapho, lezi zinhlobo zihlala emahlathini ama-nemoral.
Udla ini umgawuli wezinkuni?
Isithombe: Umsiki wezinkuni eRussia
Ukubamba abagawuli bezinkuni kungokwenqwaba yezinambuzane - ezinamaphiko anonya. Igama labo lodwa lisho okuningi - konke ukuphila kwalezi zilwane kuxhumene ngandlela thile nokhuni. AmaLonghorn ahlukaniswa nguthando lwawo olukhethekile lwezihlahla ezivulekile, kwesinye isikhathi izihlahla zikaphayini.
Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe:
- umuthi womuthi;
- ukukhonkotha kwamagatsha amancane.
Amabhungane amadala athanda ukuzitika ngejusi le-elm, i-linden, i-birch nezinye izihlahla. Kwesinye isikhathi ukudla kuhlanganisa impova, amaqabunga, izinaliti. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, izimpondo ezinde ezindala zidla kancane. Zifuna ukudla, lezi zinambuzane zichitha cishe lonke amahora emini. Ebusuku, aphumula ezindaweni zokukhosela, kwesinye isikhathi athuthelekela emthonjeni wokukhanya.
Abagawuli bemithi bavame ukubanjwa futhi bagcinwe ezimweni zaselabhorethri ukuze bahlole lesi sinambuzane ukuze babuyisele inani laso labantu ebangeni lalo lemvelo. Imvamisa, abesifazane bawela ezandleni zabaphenyi. Zithambekele kakhulu ezindizeni, ohambweni olude. Ekuthunjweni, la mabhungane anikezwa isiraphu kashukela.
I-relic barbel inesifiso "esinonya" kakhulu esigabeni sokukhula kwesibungu. Izibungu zinamandla kakhulu. Badla izinkuni, lapho behlala khona. Ngenxa yalokhu, amabhungane aletha umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni nakubantu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Umsiki wezinkuni ophendula izinambuzane
Indlela yokuphila komgawuli wezinkuni eziphindayo incike kakhulu ezimweni ezimbili: indawo yokuhlala, isimo sezulu. Amabhungane ahlala ngaseningizimu, enyakatho, aqala ukundiza kusukela maphakathi noMashi. Kwezinye izifunda (i-Central Asia), indiza iqala ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ukuphakama komsebenzi walezi zilwane kuvame ukuwa emini. Ebusuku, izinambuzane zihlala ezindlini zokukhosela. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi bayasebenza ebusuku, bathutheleka emthonjeni wokukhanya okhanyayo.
Izibungu zichitha impilo yazo yonke ngokhuni. Iningi lazo litholakala ezihlahleni ezinesiqu esijiyile. Isibonelo, e-ash, elm, linden, poplar. Ngokuvamile, zitholakala kuma-birches, oki, maple. Abantu abadala, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bahlala emahlathini ahlabayo, futhi bangandiza besuka esihlahleni baye kwesinye izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Kusukela ekubuyiseni kabusha i-barbel "abashayeli bezindiza" akuzona ezihamba phambili. Ngesikhathi sokundiza, lezi zinambuzane zinzima kakhulu, zinobunzima vele lapho ziphakama zisuka endaweni evundlile. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu kudideka usayizi omkhulu webhungane. Okukhudlwana lowo muntu, kundiza kancane. Abesifazane bazivumelanisa nezindiza. Mincane.
Ama-barbel mabhungane anemihlathi enamandla, enamandla. Bangakwazi ukuluma kalula ipensela. Kodwa-ke, kubantu, lesi silwane asiyona ingozi. Ayilumi, noma ngabe ubamba umgawuli wezinkuni bese uzibamba ngesandla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umsiki wezinkuni
Inqubo yokwenziwa kabusha komgawuli wepulangwe ingabekwa ngezigaba:
- sesha umbhangqwana ofanele. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala entwasahlobo. Ukuheha abesilisa, abesifazane bagcina imfihlo ekhethekile;
- ukumatanisa. Emidlalweni yothando, amabhungane ehlela ngezansi kwendawo lapho owesifazane ayehlele ukubeka khona amaqanda. Inqubo yonke yokukhwelana ithatha imizuzu engamashumi amathathu. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, iduna alisuki ngokushesha lisuke kowesifazane. Uyamphelekezela lapho kuzobekwa khona amaqanda ngokuzayo;
- amaqanda. Umgawuli wemithi wesifazane uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda cishe angamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili ngasikhathi. Zibekwa esiqwini somuthi wokudla. Kusesihlahleni esikhethiwe lapho isibungu sizophila khona, sikhule futhi sondle.
Cishe emva kosuku emva kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi neduna zehlela phansi. Bafela lapho.
Isigaba se-Larval. Lapho izibungu zizalwa, zingena ngokujula emagxolweni esihlahla. Lapho benza iminyakazo. Izibungu eziningi zeminyaka ehlukene zitholakala esihlahleni esisodwa. Isihlahla esifanayo singagcwaliswa kaningana. Esihlahleni se-forage, izibungu zilala cishe izikhathi eziyisithupha.
Umfundi, uguquko abe ngumuntu omdala. Ukuguqulwa kwesiphungumangathi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngesikhathi sasehlobo - ngoJuni-Julayi. Iziphungumangathi zikhula isikhathi esingangenyanga, ekupheleni kwethemu zifinyelela kusuka kumamilimitha ayisikhombisa kuya kwikhulu kanye neshumi.
Izitha zemvelo zabaphangi bokubuyisela izingodo kabusha
Isithombe: Umsiki wezinkuni osuka eRed Book
Izitha ezimbi kakhulu zokubuyisela izingodo emuva, njengabanye abamele iqembu labo elikhulu, bangabagawuli bezinkuni. Lezi zinyoni zichitha kalula izibungu, amaqanda, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nabantu abadala. Imvamisa, amabhungane amadala aba yizisulu zezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama nezilwane. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho izinambuzane zisondele emhlabathini. Izinyoni ezinkulu zihlasela amabhungane endiza.
Ama-microorganisms ama-parasitic angabizwa ngokuthi isitha semvelo se-barbel. Izibungu ezahlukahlukene, amabhaktheriya awaholeli ekufeni ngokushesha kwebhungane elidala. Kodwa-ke, bayilimaza kakhulu impilo yakhe, ekugcineni babulale. Izibungu mancane amathuba okuthi zibe yizisulu zezitha. Bacasha ngokujulile esihlahleni, ezigabeni ezifihlekile.
Akuvamile ukuthi zihlaselwe futhi zibhujiswe:
- izimuncagazi ezincane;
- abagawuli bezinkuni;
- iminyovu - abagibeli;
- ezinye izinhlobo zamabhungane.
Ama-barbel mabhungane awavame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane, ama-parasites, izinyoni. Imvamisa bafa ezandleni zabantu. Ungumuntu ongabizwa ngesitha esikhulu salesi silwane. Umgawuli wezinkuni uyisinambuzane esingavamile kakhulu, futhi esiyingqayizivele. Cishe bonke abaqoqi bezinambuzane, abathandi bokungajwayelekile bafuna ukuba nayo. Izindleko zesilwane esinjalo emakethe emnyama zingafinyelela kwinkulungwane yamadola. Ngalesi sizathu, baningi abazingeli bebhungane ababaluleke kakhulu nsuku zonke, yize kuvinjelwe umthetho.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isilwane sokugawula izinkuni
Umndeni we-barbel umelwe ngamanani amakhulu. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili ziyaziwa. Basakazwa cishe emhlabeni wonke, inani labo labantu ngokubanzi alibangeli ukukhathazeka phakathi kososayensi. Kodwa-ke, umgawuli wezinkuni uqobo wahlonishwa njengezilwane ezisengozini, wabalwa kuRed Book yazo zonke izifunda ezisendaweni yakhe yemvelo.
Inani labantu lalezi zinambuzane lincipha ngokushesha cishe kuyo yonke indawo yaseRussia. Kunezizathu eziningi zokwehla okusheshayo kwenani lamabhungane. Isizathu esibaluleke kakhulu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okungalawulwa endaweni yemvelo. Abantu babhubhisa izihlahla eziningi kunalezo abazitshala. Amabhungane abagawula imithi awanandawo yokuzalela nokuhlala.
Isimo senhlanzeko emahlathini siphinde sithinte kabi inani lalezi zinambuzane. Izimo zemvelo zibucayi. Amahlathi angcolile, inhlabathi igcwele izibulala-zinambuzane. Indoda iletha ingozi enkulu ekubuyiseni i-barbel. Abantu babhubhisa ngamabomu lezi zinambuzane, bazibambe ngamaqoqo abo noma ngokuthengisa. Amabhungane abhujiswa ngenxa yomphumela wawo owonakalisayo okhunini, emazweni aluhlaza. Futhi ukuthunjwa kwezilwane kuhlotshaniswa nezindleko zazo eziphakeme kakhulu emakethe, okuhlukile.
Ukuvikelwa kwabaphangi abagawula izingodo kabusha
Isithombe: I-Relic wood cutter Red Book yaseRussia
I-Ussuri barbel iyinhlobo encane kunazo zonke yomndeni we-barbel. Abantu abancane balesi sinambuzane bahlala ezinhlanzini ezibanzi, ezixubekile zamahlathi. Namuhla, lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane luvikelwe ngumthetho. Kubhalwe kuRed Book laseRussia ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwabantu endaweni yabo yemvelo. Amabhungane aseLonghorn ahlukaniswa esigabeni sesibili futhi abonwa njengohlobo olwehla ngamanani.
Ososayensi baqambe izizathu ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokwehliswa kwesibalo sabagawuli abagawula amapulangwe kabusha - lokhu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukubanjiswa okungalawulwa kwabantu abadala ngabathandi bamazwe angaphandle, ukuhlanzwa ngamabomu amahlathi kusuka ezinambuzane (abagawuli bemithi balimaza izinkuni).
Umthelela owonakalisayo walezi zinto waholela ekuqothulweni ngokushesha kwamabhungane. Namuhla, abagawuli bezinkuni baphinde bavikele umthetho. Ensimini yebanga labo lemvelo, akuvunyelwe nakancane ukubamba nokuzingela amabhungane amadala. Uma lo mthetho wephulwa, umuntu angathola inhlawulo. AmaLonghorn nawo ahlalisiwe ezindaweni eziningi ezigcinwa eRussia, lapho ososayensi bengalandelela inani labo labantu futhi baqaphe kakhudlwana ekubanjweni okungekho emthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waqala ukulawula ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kulondolozwe izindawo zalezi zinambuzane.
Ukwebiwa kwamapulangwe kabusha kungenye yezinhlobo ezihluke kakhulu zebarbel, ingummeleli omkhulu kakhulu futhi omuhle wamabhungane. Ubukhulu obukhulu, ukubonakala okuvelele, amadevu amade - konke lokhu kwenza lesi sinambuzane sihluke ngohlobo lwaso. Lokhu akushiwo iqiniso lokuthi nalo ngokwalo laziwa njenge- “fossil” ephilayo. Ngeshwa, eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lala mabhungane lehle kakhulu. Konke lokhu kudinga ukuthi abantu bathathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuvikela abagawuli bezinkuni endaweni yabo yemvelo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04/26/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-22: 58
