Idada elicwililekile noma idada eli-ringed (i-Aythya collaris) elomndeni wedada, i-anseriformes oda.
Ukusabalala kwe-dive ringed.
I-Ringed Duck iyinhlobo yezilwane ezifudukayo kakhulu. Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa, isakazekela kude enyakatho yeNingizimu ne-Central Alaska. Ububanzi buhlanganisa izifunda zaseCentral Canada, kanye neMinnesota, Maine, nezingxenye ezisenyakatho ye-United States. Ezindaweni eziningana, kufaka phakathi izifundazwe zaseWashington, Idaho, nezinye izifundazwe ezisentshonalanga ye-United States, idada elihlikihliwe lihlala unyaka wonke. Lezi zinhlobo zizala kaningi enyakatho ye-Alberta, Saskatchewan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, enkabeni yeManitoba, naseningizimu ye-Ontario naseQuebec.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-dive ringed.
Indawo okuhlala kuyo i-ringed dive iyahluka ngesizini. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa nangemva kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, ithanda amaxhaphozi anamanzi ahlanzekile, imvamisa amaxhaphozi angajulile. Ebusika, ama-diving dives angena emaxhaphozini amakhulu, kepha ayitholakali ezindaweni ezinosawoti ophakeme nokujula> 1.5 metres. Izikhukhula zemifula, izindawo ezintsha nezinamachibi emachweba, namachibi avaliwe angajulile namaxhaphozi yizindawo ezivamile zale nhlobo. Amadada ahlanganisiwe nawo avela ezindaweni ezingajulile ezinenhlabathi enomswakama embozwe uhlaza, ezindaweni zezolimo ezigcwele amanzi, emachibini.
Yizwa izwi le-dive ringed.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zokudonswa ngeringi.
I-Ringed Duck yidada elincane. Owesilisa mkhulu kancane kunowesifazane. Ubude bomzimba wesilisa buhluka phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-46, kanti kowesifazane - amasentimitha angama-39 - 43. Isisindo sowesilisa singu-542 - 910 g, kanti owesifazane - 490 no-894 g.Iphiko lilingana no-63.5 cm
Indoda inekhanda elimnyama, intamo, isifuba nomzimba ongaphezulu. Isisu nezinhlangothi zimhlophe mpunga. Ophikweni olusongiwe, isigaxa esimhlophe sibonakala ngokusobala ehlombe, elekela phezulu. Insikazi inombala onsundu ngokugqamile futhi inezimpawu ezimnyama phezulu kwekhanda. Ingaphambili lekhanda, isilevu, nomphimbo kuvame ukuba buthakathaka. Amehlo azungezwe yindandatho emhlophe, ngokuvamile, izimpaphe zesifazane zinombala onesizotha kakhulu kunowesilisa. Idada elinezirinji linomfanekiso ofana nowamanye amadada okuntywila, kepha linomsila omude kancane nekhanda elinomqolo omfishane, okulenza libonakale likhombe noma libukeka njenge-angular. Izinyoni ezisencane ziyefana namadada amadala, kepha zinombala wezimpaphe ezi-duller.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-dive ringed.
I-Ringed Duck iyinhlobo eyodwa, izibungu zakhiwa ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwentwasahlobo, kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngoMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ngomsebenzi ophakeme ukusuka maphakathi noMeyi kuya maphakathi noJulayi.
Ukuziphatha kokukhwelana kuvezwa ekunyakazeni komzimba, ngenkathi ukuntywila kunwebeka ngamandla intamo, kuphakamisa ikhanda phezulu futhi kuphushe umlomo wayo phambili. Lokhu kukhombisa kwenzeka emhlabeni nasemanzini. Ngemuva kwalokho uqhwaku lwehliselwa emanzini ngaphandle kokuphakamisa ikhanda, futhi ngemuva kokukhwelana lezi zinyoni zibhukuda ziye ngapha nangapha ngamakhanda abekwe phezulu.
Lapho kukhethwa indawo yokwakha izidleke, izinyoni ezimbili ziyabhukuda emanzini avulekile exhaphozi.
Insikazi ikhetha indawo efanelekayo ngenkathi owesilisa ehlala eduze. Idada lithola indawo eyomile noma eyomile kancane eduze kwamanzi, imvamisa inezimila zezimila. Insikazi yakha isidleke izinsuku ezi-3 - 4. Ifana nesitsha, kuthi ngosuku lwesithupha luthathe isimo esicace bha. Utshani, phansi, izimpaphe yizinto zokwakha.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-6 kuya kwayi-14 ngesizini ngayinye. Amaqanda amile okweqanda onendawo ebushelelezi, umbala wegobolondo uyehluka ngombala: u-olive-grey kuya konsundu. Ukufukamela kuqala ngemuva kokuthi i-clutch isiqediwe futhi imvamisa ihlala izinsuku ezingama-26 noma ezingama-27.
Amachwane azalwa enesisindo esivela ku-28 kuye ku-31 g. Ambozwe ngaphansi futhi angalandela abazali bawo futhi azondle ngokwawo ngemuva nje kokomiswa. Amantshontsho amadada ayaqina emva kwezinsuku ezingama-49 kuya kwezingama-56 futhi azimele ezinsukwini ezingama-21 kuya kwezingama-56 ngemuva kokubaleka. Abatshuzi abancane bazala ngonyaka wokuqala.
Ama-dives ahlanganisiwe ahlala emvelweni iminyaka engaphezudlwana kwengu-20.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-dive ringed.
Ukuntywila emanzini kungamadada ahambayo ahamba njalo, agxume, andize, abhukude noma acwilise. Baphuma emanzini bese bema ezintweni ezintantayo ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Ukundiza kwalolu hlobo lwamadada kuyashesha. Umhlambi wabantu abangamashumi amabili ukhuphuka ngokushesha uye emoyeni bese undiza ngenqwaba yenqwaba. Amadada angadonsela ekujuleni kwamamitha ayishumi esebenzisa ukunyakaza kwemilenze. Ukuntywila emanzini kuhlanzekile njalo kuhlanza izimpaphe zabo, kwelula imilenze yabo nokubhukuda. Lapho bephumula noma behliswa yilanga, bahlala emanzini azolile, avulekile, ezindaweni ezivikelekile emoyeni.
Abukho ubufakazi bendawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinhlobo, kodwa emanzini avulekile owesilisa uvikela indawo enendawo engaba amamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu azungeze insikazi. Akubona bonke abatshuzi abasebenza nge-ringed abathola umlingani ngenxa yokwephula isilinganiso sobulili, imvamisa kuba nabesilisa abaningi kunabesifazane futhi lesi silinganiso singu-1.6: 1. Ngakho-ke, amanye amaduna ahlala enesizungu futhi akha amaqembu amancane abantu abayisithupha noma abambalwa. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokwakha isidleke, ama-diving ringed agcinwa emihlambini yezinyoni ezingafika kuma-40. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka nasebusika, lapho ukudla kunenqwaba, imihlambi ingaba ngaphezu kwabantu abayi-10 000.
Ukudla kwe-dive okuvinjiwe.
Ama-dives ahlanganisiwe adla kakhulu embewini yezitshalo nezilimo eziyizigaxa, futhi adle izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla emanzini. Kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane ziyabanjwa. Amadada amadala adla izinhlobo zezitshalo zasemanzini, adle ama-pondweed, iminduze yamanzi ne-hornwort. Ekwindla, abafuduki bayama emachibini nasemifuleni engajulile, lapho badla khona irayisi lasendle, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi asendle aseMelika.
Ama-dives ahlanganisiwe athola ukudla kwawo ikakhulu ngokuntywila, kepha futhi aqoqa izitshalo ebusweni bamanzi.
Zikhetha ukudlela emanzini angajulile, yize zikwazi ukutshuza, zifike ezansi, zinothe ngemfucumfucu engokwemvelo. Amadada, njengomthetho, athola ukudla ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa emanzini, kepha isisulu silethwa ngaphezulu ukuze sithole umzimba wezinhlayiya egobolondweni noma ukususa i-chitin emzimbeni wesinambuzane.
Ubukhulu bezisulu busuka ngaphansi kuka-0,1 mm kuye ku-5 cm.Amantshontsho amadada adla ama-invertebrate, akha u-98% wokudla okuphelele. Abesifazane bathanda ukudla ama-invertebrate amaningi kunokujwayelekile ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, lapho amaprotheni amaningi okudla edingeka ukubeka amaqanda. Isisulu esikhulu samadada aselesikhathi yizibungu, iminenke, izimvu, ojekamanzi nezimpukane ze-caddis.
Isimo sokongiwa kwe-dive enezinsimbi.
Ukuntywila ngomsele kunokusabalalisa okuhlukahlukene kakhulu futhi inani labantu balezi zinhlobo alinciphi. Ngokwesigaba se-IUCN, lolu hlobo alunazo izinsongo ezikhethekile ezindaweni zalo. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo, ubuthi bomthofu bezinyoni buvela ngenxa yokusebenzisa izinhlamvu zomthofu, ezisetshenziswa abazingeli. Cishe ama-12.7% ama-dives abanjwe anama-pellets anomthofu onobuthi, kanti ama-55% ezinyoni aqukethe ama-pellets angenabo ubuthi. Lesi simo sibeka engcupheni ethile ekukhiqizeni ama-diving ringed, agwinya umthofu, kanye namapellets angenabuthi ngesikhathi sokudla. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-lead shot okwamanje kuvinjelwe, kepha abazingeli bayaqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa kwamanye amazwe.
