Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i- otter yasolwandle
I-sea otter noma i-sea otter iyisilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle sasePacific. Abameleli abatelekile bezilwane zasogwini lwasePacific yizilwane ezincelisayo zezilwane zasolwandle, ezibizwa nangokuthi ama-sea otters noma ama-sea beavers.
Njengoba kubonakala ku isithombe se-sea otter, yisilwane esiphakathi nendawo esinomlomo osicaba omncane nekhanda eliyindilinga. Imvamisa ama-otter asolwandle, athathwa njengezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezincane, anobude bomzimba cishe obuyimitha elilodwa nengxenye, ongaphansi ngosayizi wezimpawu, ama-walrus nezimpawu.
Ama-otter asolwandle angamadoda, athe ukuba makhulu ngaphezudlwana kwabesifazane, afinyelela isisindo esingeqile ku-45 kg. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba wesilwane (cishe amasentimitha angama-30 noma ngaphezulu) umsila.
Ebusweni, ikhala elimnyama nelikhulu ligqame ngokukhethekile, kodwa amehlo mancane kakhulu, nezindlebe zincane kakhulu kangangokuba zibukeka zingabonakali ngokuphelele ekhanda lalezi zidalwa. ngokunikela incazelo ku-sea otter, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi i-vibrissae enkulu iphuma ngaphezu kobuso besifunda samakhala sesilwane - izinwele ezinzima, imvelo enikeze izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo njengezitho zokuthinta.
Imibala yezilwane ikhanya futhi imnyama, iyahlukahluka ngemibala, kusuka kobomvu kuye nsundu. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukwazi ukuthi kukhona abantu abamnyama ngokuphelele - ama-melanists nabamhlophe ngokuphelele - ama-albino.
Uboya obuminyene nobugqinsi bama-otter asolwandle, aqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zezinwele: uboya kanye nonogada, kuvumela izilwane ukuthi zihlale zifudumele emanzini abandayo. Ehlobo, uboya obudala buwa kakhulu, yize bufakwa esikhundleni sonyaka wonke, okuyisici esivelele salezi zilwane zasolwandle.
I-sea otter unakekela ngokucophelela uboya bakhe, futhi umkhonza njengesivikelo esihle ezimeni ezingekho ntofontofo zomhlaba wangaphandle, lapho imvelo yasiza khona isilwane ukujwayela. Indawo eyintandokazi yama-sea otters olwandle. Zifika ogwini kuphela kwesinye isikhathi ukuze zome kancane.
Kodwa-ke, konke kuncike endaweni yokuhlala. Isibonelo, ama-otter asolwandle ahlala eCalifornia ancamela ukuhlala emanzini imini nobusuku. Futhi izakhamizi zaseMedny Island, engelinye lamakhona aseKamchatka, zize ziye emhlabathini ziyolala khona.
Izimo zezulu nazo zibalulekile. Esivunguvungwini ulwandle otter ngeke alinge ukubhukuda asondele ogwini. Ukuvela kwezitho zangaphambili nezingemuva zesilwane kunomehluko omkhulu. Izidladla zezilwane ezingaphambili zimfushane futhi zineminwe emide, okudingekayo ukuze lezi zidalwa zibambe inyamazane futhi, njenge-vibrissae, zisebenza njengezitho zokuthinta.
Esithombeni i-otter yasolwandle enethole
Inhloso yezitho zangemuva ezinde, ezifana namaphiko aneminwe ehlanganisiwe, ihluke ngokuphelele, zisiza izidalwa ukubhukuda futhi zitshelele ngokuphelele. Izilwane ezinjalo azihlali nje kuphela ogwini lwaseCalifornia, futhi ziningi ikakhulukazi esifundazweni saseWashington, e-Alaska, ngasogwini lwaseCanada eBritish Columbia.
ERussia, lezi zilwane zitholakala ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Ekude futhi, njengoba sekushiwo, eziqhingini zaseKamchatka Territory.
Izinhlobo ze-sea otter
I-sea otter sea otter kungokwasosayensi yezilwane kuma-weasel, ekubeni ngummeli omkhulu kakhulu walo mndeni. Cishe emakhulwini amabili noma amathathu eminyaka edlule, inani lalezi zilwane, ngokusho kososayensi, lalilikhulu kakhulu futhi lafinyelela usayizi wabantu abangafika ezigidini ezimbalwa, ababehlala kulo lonke ugu olukhulu lwePacific Ocean.
Kodwa-ke, ngekhulu elidlule, ngenxa yokubhujiswa okukhulu kwezilwane, isimo sazo sonakala kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho zathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa, okuphawulwayo eNcwadini Ebomvu. Ama-sea otters bahlala ezindaweni zabo zangaphambili, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathathwa ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela, futhi ukuzingela lezi zilwane nakho kwakwenqatshelwe.
Ngenxa yezinyathelo ezinjalo, usayizi wesibalo sabantu ukhuphuke kancane, kepha indawo okuhlala kuyo incane. Njengamanje, ama-otter asolwandle ahlukaniswe ososayensi baba ama-subspecies amathathu. Phakathi kwazo inyakatho yolwandle otter, Californian and Asian, noma ezivamile.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-otter yasolwandle
Lezi yizilwane ezinokuthula, ezinobungane, eziphatha ngaphandle kokuhlukumeza, ezihlotsheni zazo nakwabanye abamele izilwane zezilwane, nakubantu.
Ukubambeka kalula okunjalo kube njengesinye sezizathu zokuqothulwa kwalezi zidalwa, okungakhombisi ukuqapha ngisho nasezimweni eziyingozi futhi kwavumela abazingeli ukuba basondele kubo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ama-otter asolwandle akhetha ukuhlala ngamaqembu amancane, akuvamile ukuthi achithe izinsuku zawo eyedwa.
Uma umuntu omusha efuna ukujoyina umphakathi wama-otters olwandle, uyamukelwa, futhi imvamisa akekho noyedwa ophazamisa labo abanesinqumo sokushiya iqembu. Inani lemiphakathi yama-sea otter liyashintshashintsha, futhi abamele isizungu bobulili bobabili, kanye nezilwane ezisencane, bangaba ngamalungu alo.
Imvamisa, amalungu ala maqembu achitha isikhathi ndawonye kuphela ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ehlangana ezindaweni ezithile, ngokwesibonelo, ezihlahleni zasolwandle. Ukuvakasha otter ulwandle otter hhayi othanda ikakhulukazi, kepha uma abanye abantu behamba amabanga amade, ngabesilisa kuphela.
Ukuhlakanipha kwezilwane kuthuthukiswa kahle. Isikhathi esisebenzayo sosuku kubo usuku. Ukuvuka ekuseni ngovivi isilwane sea otter ngokushesha uqhubeka nokufuna ukudla futhi enze indlu yangasese, alethe ijazi lakhe kahle.
Into ebalulekile kuma-otter asolwandle ukunakekela uboya bawo, abuhlanze kahle futhi ahlangane nsuku zonke, akhulule izinwele ezinsaleleni zomcu kanye nokudla, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngale ndlela zisiza uboya ukuba bungabi manzi ngokuphelele, okudingeka ukugwema i-hypothermia yomzimba wabo wonke.
Emini, ngokwesimiso sansuku zonke, izilwane ziqala ukuphumula kamnandi emini. Ntambama, ama-otter asolwandle aphinde azinikele ekuxhumaneni nasemidlalweni, phakathi kwayo lapho kunikezwa indawo ekhethekile yokuthandana nokuqonywa. Bese uphinde uphumule futhi uxhumane. Ebusuku, izilwane ziyalala.
Ukudla kwe-sea otter
Esimweni sezulu esizolile, ama-otter asolwandle lapho efuna ukudla akwazi ukusuka kude nogu ngokuphawulekayo. Ukuzitholela ukudla, bacwila ekujuleni okukhulu futhi bahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi kuze kube yimizuzwana engama-40.
Futhi lapho sebethole ukudla okufanelekile ekujuleni kolwandle, abadli inyamazane yabo ngokushesha, kodwa baqoqa izikhumba emafolda akhethekile, okubukeka njengamaphakethe angaphansi kwezidladla zangakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla.
Indlela yokuphila esebenzayo emanzini abandayo iphoqa izilwane ukuba zidle inani elithile lokudla. Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi ngosuku baphoqeleka ukumunca izakhi kuze kube ngu-25% wesisindo sabo. Izidingo zabo nalokho abakuthandayo kuhlangatshezwa yizidalwa eziphilayo, ezibandakanya izinhlobo eziyishumi nane zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-starfish nezindlebe, izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi. Izinkalankala, izimbaza, ama-scallops, ama-chiton, izimbaza kanye nomchamo wasolwandle kungaba ubumnandi bazo. Ama-otter asolwandle asenyakatho asebenza ngokudla kuma-octopus, kepha kuzo zonke izitho zalezi zidalwa eziphilayo, kudliwa kuphela ama-tentacles.
Njengoba sezivele emanzini ngemuva kokuzingelwa ngempumelelo, izilwane ziqala ukudla. Banobuhlakani obushesha kangangokuba, lapho bethola ama-mollusk, basebenzisa amatshe abawathola phansi olwandle, ngenkathi benqwabelanisa inyamazane esiswini sabo futhi beshaya ngezinto ezisindayo.
Imvamisa amadivayisi anjalo agcinwa emaphethweni esikhumba futhi asetshenziselwe izinhloso ezifanayo kwesinye isikhathi. Emaphaketheni abo, izilwane ziphatha nokudla okusele ekudleni okuningana. Futhi ngemuva kokudla, izidalwa ezihlanzekile kufanele zihlanze kahle uboya bazo. Ama-otter asolwandle aqeda ukoma kwawo ngamanzi olwandle, futhi izinso zawo zikwazi ukucubungula leli nani likasawoti.
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo ye-otter yolwandle
Phakathi kwemidlalo ekukhulumisaneni kwezilwane ezichaziwe, ukudlala ngothando ngandlela thile kuthatha indawo ekhethekile, kuyilapho abesilisa bebhukuda futhi betshuza nabakhethiweyo babo isikhathi eside.
Ukuqomisana kuqhubeka unyaka wonke, asikho isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuzalela lezi zilwane, futhi ukukhwelana, okungenzeka ngemuva kokuba abantu bafinyelele eminyakeni emihlanu, kwenzeka njalo futhi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kuliqiniso, kwezinye izindawo lapho kuhlala khona izilwane, kuyinkathi yasentwasahlobo enikezwa amasiko wokukhwelana asebenzayo.
Ngesikhathi semidlalo, abanumzane babamba izintombi zabo ngamakhala, ngaleyo ndlela bazibambe ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini. Ngeshwa, ukwelashwa okunjalo kuvame ukuholela ezinkingeni ezidabukisayo. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, abalingani bahlala nabakhethiweyo babo izinsuku ezingekho ngaphezu kweziyisithupha, ngemuva kwalokho bahambe, bengenandaba nenzalo futhi bangabambi iqhaza ekukhuliseni. Futhi abangane babo, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisikhombisa noma eziyisishiyagalombili zokukhulelwa, bayahamba bayozala emhlabeni, kungekudala bezala izinyane elilodwa.
Uma amawele evela, khona-ke, njengomthetho, kusinda eyodwa yezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Owesibili unethuba uma lamukelwa ngumama othile onebhadi oshonelwe yinzalo yakhe ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Izingane zizalwa zingenakuzisiza futhi izinyanga zokuqala azikwazi ukuphila, zikhula ngaphandle kokunakekelwa komama. Izinsikazi zithwala izingane zazo ngesisu, zingazishiyi zizondle futhi zikhulule isikhashana nje ukuzondla emanzini noma ogwini.
Yile ndlela ama-otters olwandle omama abakhathalelayo afundisa ngayo izingane ukudla nokuzingela kahle. Izingane ziqala ukuzama ukudla okuqinile ngemuva kwenyanga, hhayi ngaphambi kwalokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane badlala ngenkuthalo nezingane zabo, baziphulule futhi bazilahle, baziphathe ngothando nangothando, futhi, uma kunesidingo, bavikele ngokuzithandela izingane zabo, bezibeka engozini.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ama-otter asolwandle ahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi nanye, yize kukhona nezibindi ezinde ezingaba khona cishe ikota yekhulu. Kepha ekuthunjweni, lezi zilwane ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, zinethuba lokuchuma empilweni ephelele amashumi ambalwa eminyaka.
