Uma kukhona ongazi, khona-ke isikhova Isikhova esincane esinokubukeka okuhle kakhulu futhi okuhle. Izikhova, imvamisa, kuzo zonke izikhova eziba yizilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba zincane ngosayizi, futhi ukuzinakekela akunzima kangako. Ake sizame ukuqonda umsebenzi obalulekile wezikhova ezihlala ezimweni zemvelo, zasendle, ezichaza imikhuba yazo yezikhova, imikhuba yazo, izindawo ezikhethiwe zokuhlala nezici zangaphandle.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Owl
Isikhova siyinyoni enezimpaphe yomndeni wesikhova nokuhleleka kwezikhova. NgesiLatin, igama lale nyoni lizwakala njenge- "Athene", elinokuxhumana okuqondile nonkulunkulukazi wasendulo wamaGrikhi wezempi, u-Athena Pallas, owenza ubuntu ubuhlakani. Izikhova nezinyoka zazibhekwa njengabangane bakhe abathembekile nabanokwethenjelwa, ngakho-ke babevame ukuvezwa kanye nokubonakala kwakhe ezithombeni ezahlukahlukene nasemidwebeni.
Igama "isikhova" linezimpande zaseRussia, lihlotshaniswa nolimi lweProto-Slavic futhi lihlotshaniswa nokuhayiza, ukushaya ikhwela kanye ne-onomatopoeia. Izinganekwane namabika kwakhiwa ngezikhova, kwesinye isikhathi kungabi kuhle futhi kube nobukhosi njengaseGrisi yasendulo. Okhokho bethu babekholelwa ukuthi ukuhlangana nesikhova kufanekisela amashwa nobunzima obungaletha ukulimala, kokubili ngqo (kwezempilo) nangokungaqondile (omunye umuntu ufisa okubi).
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhova sibukeka sizimbi futhi siminyene, ukubuka kwaso kuyahlaba futhi kunenhloso, kubonakala sengathi isimo sezimpaphe sesinciphile, futhi sikhophozele. Kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zici zobuso bale nyoni zabeka amabika amabi ngalezi zilwane ezinamaphiko ezingavamile.
Manje kuhlobo lwezikhova kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezinyoni, zifaka phakathi:
- indlu isikhova;
- isikhova se-brahmin;
- isikhova sonogwaja.
Phambilini, beziningi ezinye izinhlobo zezikhova, kodwa, ngeshwa, zanyamalala, ezinye zaze zaba yiminyaka eyizigidi ezimbalwa edlule. Ake sichaze izici zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziye zasinda ezikhathini zethu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona nokudla okuhlukahlukene kwalezi zinyoni. Isikhova iBrahmin singabizwa ngokuthi esincane kunazo zonke, ubude bomzimba waso cishe ngo-21 cm, kanti isisindo saso ngamagremu ayi-120. Iphimbo eliyinhloko lezimpaphe linsundu ngokumpunga namachashazi amhlophe.
Ividiyo: Owl
Esiswini, kunalokho, kunombala omhlophe oyisisekelo onamachashazi ansundu ngokumpunga. Ikhola emhlophe ivelele entanyeni. Amazwi ale nyoni anomsindo omkhulu futhi afana nokugedla. Isikhova sendlu sikhulu ngobukhulu kunaleso seBrahmin, ubude baso bufinyelela ikota yemitha, kanti inyoni inesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-170 amagremu. Umbala wezimpaphe walolu hlobo unombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo, amathoni esihlabathi ahlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe anganqoba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lesi sikhova sasibizwa nge-brownie, ngoba uvamise ukuthatha ubukhazikhazi ayise kuma-attics nakuma shedi. Le nyoni ayikubalekeli ukuhlala kwabantu, ngakho-ke ivame ukuthanjiswa.
Izikhova zonogwaja zihlukaniswa ngombala onsundu ngokubomvu, lapho ithoni empunga ibonakala kancane, kepha imicu emikhulu emhlophe ivelele kahle. Isifuba naphezulu kwesisu kunsundu ngokumpunga ngombala othile ophuzi, ngezansi kwesisu kukhona i-monochromatic, iphuzi ngokumhlophe. Ubude bomzimba wenyoni bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-23. Lezi zikhova azijwayelekile ngoba azisebenzi ebusuku kuphela, kodwa nasesikhathini sasemini. Isikhova sonogwaja sicatshangelwa ngenxa yokuthi kwesinye isikhathi sihlomisa izindawo zokwakha izidleke emigodini kanogwaja.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani isikhova
Uma siqhathanisa izikhova nezikhova, khona-ke ezokuqala zincane kakhulu, ubude bazo bungu-30 cm, kanti izinyoni zinesisindo esingeqile kwamakhulu amabili amagremu. Isikhova esivamile sifinyelela kubukhulu obungu-700 amagremu nobude obungu-cm 65. Inhloko yesikhova isicabalele kancane, kanti esikhova iyindilinga. Ezimpapheni zezikhova, izinhlayiya ezimhlophe ziveza kakhulu; esikhova sezimpaphe imivimbo ibonakala ngokusobala, etholakala ngaphesheya nangaphesheya. Izikhova azinazo izindlebe zezimpaphe, ngokungafani nezikhova, kuzo zonke ezinye izici lezi zikhova ziyefana kakhulu.
Ikhanda lesikhova lihlaba umxhwele impela ngosayizi, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke limangazwa ngamehlo alo amakhulu futhi ahlabayo athe njo ezincekwini zamehlo. Uma ubheka eceleni, isikhova kufanele sijike ikhanda. I-iris yamehlo ingafakwa umbala ophuzi ojulile, wegolide noma ophuzi kancane, kuya ngohlobo lwenyoni. Abafundi abakhulu abayindilinga ngohlaka olukhanyayo bagqama kahle uma bebhekene nombala onsundu onsundu noma ompunga. Ubukhali bokubuka kwale nyoni kunikezwa yimikhuba yesupraorbital efana namashiya abantu, ngakho-ke, abantu abafinyanise ubuso bavame ukubuzwa lo mbuzo: "Ubheke ini njengesikhova?"
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi izikhova zingaguqula ikhanda lazo ngama-degree angama-360, akunjalo, izikhova ziyakwazi ukubheka ngaphezulu kwehlombe lazo, zisonte ikhanda lazo ngama-degree angama-135, kepha ngenxa yentamo eguquguqukayo, i-angle ephezulu yokujikeleza ingafinyelela kuma-270 degrees.
Umsila wesikhova mfushane, izimpiko ezisongiwe nazo zibukeka zifushane. Izimpaphe zinezimpaphe eziminyene, ezijiyile, ngokuvamile amathoni ansundu noma anesihlabathi, anciphisa amabala amhlophe aba nezinxushunxushu, ngakho-ke isikhova sibonakale siphawuliwe. Isisu sezinyoni siyakhanya ngamachashazi amnyama. Uzipho lomzingeli onezimpaphe lungabizwa ngesikhali sakhe, zinde futhi zibukhali futhi zinombala onsundu onsundu, ocishe ube mnyama.
Ithoni yomlomo ingaba:
- okuphuzi (kusuka ekukhanyeni kuya kumbala ogcwele);
- okuluhlaza okotshani kancane;
- ophuzi ngokungcola okumpunga.
Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi imandible yenyoni ivame ukuba lula uma iqhathaniswa nemandible.
Uhlala kuphi isikhova?
Isithombe: inyoni ye-Owl
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwezikhova inkulu kakhulu. Izinyoni zazingena e-Asia, eYurophu, engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika, futhi zitholakala ezindaweni zeNew World.
Izilwane ezinamaphiko zingatholakala ku:
- amahlathi;
- indawo enezintaba;
- izindawo ezingama-semi-desert nezogwadule;
- endaweni evulekile eyisicaba;
- eduze komuntu.
Ama-Brahmin Owls akhethe i-South Asia, akhetha amahlathi avulekile nezindawo ezivulekile ezinokukhula okuphansi kwesihlahla. Imvamisa lesi sikhova sitholakala ezindaweni ezihlala abantu, sihlala ngaseCalcutta naseDelhi. Isikhova sihlela izidleke zaso kaningi emgodini, kodwa futhi singahlala nasezakhiweni ezibhujisiwe, izakhiwo ezindala ezilahliwe, emigodini yezindonga. Imvamisa, izikhova zihlala ezidlekeni zabanye abantu, ezazishiywa izakhamuzi zangaphambilini (ngokwesibonelo, ama-Indian starlings-myna).
Izikhova zasendlini zihlala ezindaweni eziseYurophu Ephakathi neseNingizimu, izifunda ezisenyakatho zezwekazi lase-Afrika futhi cishe yonke indawo yase-Asia. Imvamisa bahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, bahlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nezingagwadule. Okokwakha isidleke, lesi sikhova sikhetha imisele, amaqoqo amatshe, iziqu zezihlahla nezinye izindawo zokukhosela ezifihlekile. Izikhova zonogwaja zihlala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, izinyoni zithanda izindawo ezivulekile ezinezitshalo ezingaphansi. Izidleke zezikhova ezimbotsheni zonogwaja nakwezinye izindawo zokukhosela zamagundane amakhulu.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona isikhova. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa yisikhova?
Isithombe: Night Owl
Isikhova, okokuqala, isidalwa, ngakho-ke ukudla kwaso kuqukethe ukudla kwezilwane, kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene nasezinhlotsheni ezingafani. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iminwe yezidladla zenyoni itholakala ngababili, futhi lezi zibhangqwana ziqondiswa ezindaweni ezihlukile (phambili nasemuva), lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ubambe futhi ubambe inyamazane. Izinyoni azinawo amazinyo, ngakho-ke zidwengula izisulu ezinkulu zibe izicucu, futhi ngokushesha zigwinye ngokuphelele abancane. Izinhlobo ze-Owl ziyahlukahluka hhayi kuphela ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene kwimenyu, kepha futhi nakumaqhinga wokuzingela.
Izikhova zizingela ngababili ukuthola inyamazane enkulu, zisebenza ndawonye, ngoba kungenzeka zingakwazi ukubhekana zodwa. Izinyoni zithatha ama-snacks amancane ngasikhathi sinye. Isikhova esincane sithanda ukudla ama-voles, amalulwane, ama-jerboas nama-hamsters. Le nyoni ngeke yenqabe zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane nezibungu zomhlaba. Lesi sikhova asithathi ukubekezela ngenkathi silinde isisulu, ukuhlaselwa kwenzeka lapho isisulu esingaba khona siba yiqhwa futhi singanyakazi. Ukuzingela kwenziwa kokubili emhlabeni nasemoyeni. Isikhova esincane sihlakaniphile futhi senza ukudla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izikhova zichitha isikhathi esiningi emigodini yokuzingela ama-voles, ngakho-ke izimpaphe ezisendaweni yekhanda nokhalo luvame ukuguga, futhi kuphela izisekelo zezimpaphe ezisele lapho, ezifana nezinaliti ze-hedgehog.
Ondlunkulu abangaphansi kwesikhova bathanda kakhulu izinyoni ezincane namagundane. Akazigwinyi izisulu zakhe ziphelele, kepha ubamba ngokucophelela futhi akhethe okumnandi kakhulu kuphela. Lesi sikhova sihlomisa amasheya ekwindla emigodini. I-Upland Owl iqaphe isimo esivela phezulu, isuka ekuqamekeleni, ibheke ukudla okulula okumnandi, okugwinywa kuphelele. Izinduku nezinyoni ezincane nazo ziyathandwa ngaye. Isikhova i-elf sichazwa njengesinambuzane; sithanda ukudla nezintethe, izinkumbi, amacimbi, izicabucabu, izibungu zempukane, ama-millipedes, nofezela.
Uhlala njalo edla inyamazane ebanjiwe endaweni yakhe yokukhosela. Isikhova ngeke senqabe kusuka kumasele, izibankwa, izigaxa, amabhungane omswani. Lezi zamuva zimane zikhothanyelwa izikhova zonogwaja, eziqhamuke neqhinga lokukhohlisa lezi zinambuzane. Izinyoni zihudulela umquba emigodini yazo, eheha izisulu ezingena emgodini wezilwane eziyizinyosi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Owl owl
Izikhova zingabizwa ngokuphepha njengezinyoni ezihlala phansi ezihola impilo yasebusuku esebenzayo. Kwesinye isikhathi zingathutha ibanga elifushane, kepha, ngokuyisisekelo, zihlala unomphela endaweni efanayo. Amehlo abo nokuzwa kwabo kuhle kakhulu, ngakho ukuzingela ebusuku kuyimpumelelo. Ukuqapha nokungabi namisindo kuyizinto ezenzeka ezinyonini, ngakho-ke labo abangaba izisulu kaningi abasoli nokuthi bazoba yisidlwana sezilwane ezinamaphiko.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Okwezikhova zonogwaja, ukusebenza kwasemini nakho kuyisici, kanti zonke ezinye izihlobo zesikhova zizingela ebusuku nangaphambi kokuntwela kokusa.
Emini, cishe zonke izikhova zichitha ezindlini zazo zokuhlala, ziphumula ngemuva kokukhokha ebusuku. Lezi zinyoni zihlomisa imigodi yazo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Izikhova zisebenzisela amakhaya azo:
- imigodi;
- abagawuli bezinkuni;
- ophahleni lwezakhiwo;
- umgodi;
- imithombo;
- izakhiwo ezilahliwe;
- izinto zakudala namanxiwa ahlukahlukene;
- imifantu enamadwala.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwalezi zinyoni zinemigodi ezindaweni ezingavamile kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhova se-elf esihlala eNyakatho Melika sinomlomo ocwathile kakhulu, ngakho-ke naso uqobo asikwazi ukugobhoza umgodi, uvame ukuhlala ezidlekeni ezingenalutho nasemigodini yezinye izinyoni. Kepha indawo yokuqala yokuhlala kwakhe ingumgodi, eyenziwe nge-cactus enkulu ebizwa nge-saguaro, okuyinto engajwayelekile kakhulu.
Izikhova zinesipho esingenakuqhathaniswa sokuzifihla, ziyezwakala, kepha kunzima ukuzibona. Ngithanda impilo eyimfihlo, eyimpimpi, ngakho-ke unakekela yonke into, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlangana namabhodlela, angamethembi. Ukukhala kwesikhova ebusuku kungavusa ukwesaba nokwethusa, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi inyoni iyiqhawe lezinganekwane nezinkolelo ezahlukahlukene ezethusayo. Ngokuya ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzingela, umkhuba wokwenza amakhekhe, izikhova kungabizwa ngokuthi izinyoni ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, ezomnotho nezikhaliphile. Uma ungazinaki zonke izimpawu nezinkolelo-ze, kungenzeka ukuthi uzithambise futhi uzigcine ekhaya.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: inyoni ye-Owl
Izikhova ezivuthiwe ngokocansi zisondela onyakeni owodwa ubudala. Akumangalisi ukuthi phambilini besibabiza ngokuthi bahlakaniphile, ngoba baqala ukuzifunela uthando ngokufika kukaFebhuwari, kanti inkathi yomshado iqala entwasahlobo kuphela. Abagibeli bamahhashi ngesibabazo sabo esikhulu baheha izintokazi ezinezimpaphe, bese bezinakekela, babaphathise izibiliboco ezibanjiwe.
Ezinamaphiko athanda ezothando zishayana zishaye kancane ngomlomo wazo. Ngemuva kokuhlela indawo yokwakha isidleke, insikazi iqala ukubekela amaqanda, angaba ngu-2 kuye ku-5. Ukuchamuselwa kuqala kusukela ngesikhathi seqanda lokuqala elibekiwe, ngakho-ke amaphuphu akhula ngokungalingani futhi lapho ethola izimpaphe ezijwayelekile, khona-ke izinyane elilodwa noma amabili avame ukuhlala ephila, yize abazali babaphatha ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Insikazi ayikho ekuchamuseleni inzalo kanye kuphela ngosuku, futhi noma kunjalo, isikhashana. Isikhathi esisele ubaba ozayo onezimpaphe uyamkhathalela, umlethela ukudla futhi amvikele kubantu abangamhambeli kahle. Owesilisa uphinde angene esikhundleni sikazakwethu uma engekho. Amachwane aqanduselwa ngemuva kwenyanga, izingane zizalwa zingaboni futhi zimbozwe nge-fluff.
Ngemuva komzuzu wokuphapha, izingane zihlala esidlekeni sabazali bazo cishe amasonto amathathu, lapho abazali befaka enzalweni wonke amakhono adingekayo okuzingela. Ukukhula kwezinyoni kuyashesha impela, ngakho-ke ngemuva kwenyanga zibukeka njengezihlobo zazo ezivuthiwe. Izilwane ezisencane zithola ukuzimela okugcwele ngo-Agasti, ziya ebudaleni, okungukuthi izikhova zingahlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.
Izitha zemvelo zika-Owl
Isithombe: Owl ebusika
Izikhova zinezitha ezanele ezimweni zasendle zemvelo. Lezo zinyoni ezihlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu zivame ukuhlupheka ngamakati ajwayelekile, izakhamuzi ezinamaphiko asezindaweni ezishisayo ziyazesaba izinkawu, nazo ezihlala eduze kwamadolobha. Ingozi yezikhova imelwe yizinyoni ezahlukahlukene, ezenza omnivorous, ezinkulu (ngokwesibonelo, amagwababa echobana). Igwababa lingabulala isikhova ngomlomo waso. Izinyoka ezahlukahlukene zisongela amachwane azalelwa emigodini yezihlahla.
Izikhova zihlushwa kakhulu izimuncagazi ezibakhungathekisayo, ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Amachwane atheleleke ngama-parasites avamise ukufa ngaphambi kokuba aphume. Izitha zezikhova zingabandakanya nomuntu ovame ukungena ezindaweni ezinamaphiko, azisuse emazweni ahlala abantu ngenxa yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezomnotho, ethinta impilo yenyoni kabi.
Izikhova ziziphatha ngokukhulu ukunakekela nabantu, zingabavumeli ukuba basondele kubo. Uma umuntu esesondelene kakhulu, isikhova esesabekayo uqobo sizama ukwethusa ababhotshiwe, bashwiba ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene futhi bakhothame ngokuhlekisa. Kuyahlekisa ukubona umdanso onjalo, kepha kwenzeka kakhulu kakhulu. Uma le ndlela eshubisayo yokudansa ingenamphumela, futhi isitha singahlehli, isikhova siyasuka futhi sindiza eduze nomhlabathi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani isikhova
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwezikhova inkulu impela, futhi kwezinye izindawo imfuyo yabo iningi, ayibangeli ukwesaba, kepha hhayi kuyo yonke indawo izinto ziyavuma. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi inani lezikhova kuyo yonke insimu yaseYurophu lehle ngokusobala, lokhu kuyasebenza nasezweni lethu. Izinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo zikhathazekile ngalesi simo futhi zizama ukuthatha zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuzinzisa abantu abakhulayo.
Akukodwa, kepha ziningi izinto ezithinta kabi inani lalezi zikhova. Okokuqala, laba ngabantu ababhubhisa ama-biotopes emvelo, benza isimo semvelo sibe sibi kakhulu, futhi bahlala ezindaweni zokuthunyelwa unomphela kwezinyoni ngezidingo zabo. Esebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ngokunisela amasimu atshaliwe, umuntu ubhubhisa izikhova eziningi, ezidla amagundane asensimini.
Okwesibili, lawa ngama-parasites adla izimpilo eziningi zezinyoni, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisanda kuzalwa. Okwesithathu, ukuntuleka kokudla ezindaweni ezithile (ikakhulukazi esikhathini esinzima sasebusika) kunciphisa kakhulu amazinga ezinyoni. Okwesine, ukwanda kwenani lama-corvids kulimaza kakhulu izikhova. Ingqikithi yemiphumela engezansi ebaluliwe iholela ekutheni inani lezikhova lihlala lincipha, ngakho-ke, ezifundeni eziningi, zidinga ukuvikelwa okukhethekile.
Ukuvikelwa kwesikhova
Isithombe: Isikhova esivela encwadini ebomvu
Njengoba kwembulwe phambilini, inani lezikhova liyancipha ngokuya ngokuya, okuyinto engakhathaza izinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo. Isikhova esincane sibhalwe kuRed Book of the Moscow Region njengesingajwayelekile. Kuzo zonke izindawo eziseduze, le nyoni ibhekwa njengezinhlobo zeRed Data Book.Izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuzivikela zithathiwe esifundeni saseMoscow kusukela ngo-1978, kanti isikhova savela eRed Book enhlokodolobha uqobo ngo-2001 kuphela. Izindawo zokwakha izidleke zezinyoni zihlukaniswa njengezivikelwe. Izici ezikhawulela kakhulu lapha yilezi: isimo sezulu esibi, inani elikhulu lemvula yasebusika, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukudla, inani elandayo lezinyoni ezinama-corvid ezihlasela izikhova.
Isikhova sondlunkulu sifakiwe kwiRed Data Books yezifunda zase-Amur naseTula. Yonke indawo kubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile, futhi esifundeni sase-Amur, ukwehla kwesibalo sayo esivele sikhona nakho kwarekhodwa. Izizathu ezingaba khona zalesi simo ukungabi bikho kwezindawo zokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokwakha izidleke kanye nolwazi olubi lwenhlobo. I-Upland Owl ingabonakala ezinhlwini ezibomvu zezifunda zaseLipetsk, eRyazan naseTula, eMordovia. Endaweni yezifunda zaseMoscow naseNizhny Novgorod, kuluhlu lwezinhlobo zezilwane ezidinga ukulawulwa okukhethekile ngenombolo nesimo sazo. Lapha, inani lezinyoni lithinteka kabi ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi amadala. Ukuzingela lezi zinyoni akuvunyelwe nakancane. Ezingeni lamazwe omhlaba, zonke izinhlobo zezikhova ezibalwe ohlwini lwezihlomelo sesibili seCITES Convention.
Ekugcineni ngithanda ukungeza lokho, ngaphandle kwazo zonke izinganekwane ezisabekayo namabika amabi, isikhova kubukeka buhle futhi buheha, futhi ukubuka okujulile, okugxekayo, okukhaliphile nokuhlaba izinyoni kumane nje kuyabukeka. Ngemuva kokufunda indlela yabo yokuphila nemikhuba yabo, kuyacaca ukuthi lezi zilwane ezincane ezinamaphiko zinobuhlakani obukhulu, ziyaqikelela futhi zizimele.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 30.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 07/30/2019 ngo-23: 26
