AmaSkate (Anthus) yizinyoni ezincane ezisuka ku-oda labadlula ngendlela, ubukhulu bazo obungadluli ku-15 cm (ezinye izinhlobo zifinyelela kuma-20 cm), zisatshalaliswa cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica ne-Antarctica.
Lezi zinyoni zimelwe yizinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo: kukhona ezingaba ngu-40. Imvamisa, uma kukhulunywa ngazo engxoxweni, kuba ihhashi lehlathi - inyoni, etholakala kaningi emvelweni nasekuthunjweni.
Ukuchazwa ngqo kwezinhlobo zomuntu othile kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo kubalindi bezinyoni abaningi abangochwepheshe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abesilisa cishe abahlukile kwabesifazane, futhi ngokujwayelekile kunokwehluka okubuthakathaka okucacile.
Lokhu kusebenza nomehluko phakathi kwezinyoni zeminyaka ehlukene, imvamisa kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi isilwane sikusiphi isigaba seminyaka. Njengamanje, ososayensi basesigabeni sokubuyekeza ukuhlukaniswa kohlobo lohlobo ngalolo hlobo, ikakhulukazi umndeni we-wagtail.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala yehhashi
Ama-skates - izinyoni kuyimfihlo. Yingakho umbala obizwa ngokuthi yi-patronizing color uvame kakhulu phakathi kwabo, lapho umzimba ongaphezulu unombala onsundu futhi owaphansi ungekho mhlophe.
Indlela enhle yokuhlukanisa uhlobo oluthile kolunye ukwehluka kokucula: uhlobo ngalunye lwe-skate lunengoma yalo ehlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphethini yezimpaphe ingasetshenziswa njengokuhlonza. Isibonelo, ubukhona bezimpaphe ezinamachashazi, noma ezinhlobonhlobo. Bona, noma ngabe zincane, kepha ziyehluka ngezinyoni ezahlukahlukene, futhi zincike endaweni yokuhlala.
Lalela izwi lehhashi lasehlathini
Ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, lezi zinyoni ziyafuduka. Zingaphila e-subantarctic, arctic tundra, alpine meadows, fields of the middle belt, kanti ebusika, ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala e-Afrika nase Central America.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yenyoni ye-skate
Ihhashi elinamabala (U-Anthus hodgsoni) mhlawumbe ungomunye wabamele ngokugqamile ohlobo. Ingxenye yayo engenhla inethoni yomnqumo eluhlaza okotshani. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba imnyama futhi inamabala abanzi futhi anokhahlo emboza isisu esingaphezulu. Inyoni encane ayinambala kangako. Indawo yokuhlala isuka eTomsk iye eJapane; ebusika - itholakala eNdiya, eBurma, e-Indochina.
Esithombeni kukhona ihhashi elinamabala
Ihhashi lentaba (I-Anthus spinoletta) noma ipayipi elisogwini linombala onsundu ngaphezulu, futhi linezinwele ezimthende ngezansi. Ehlobo, isifuba siba bomvana, ekhanda elimpunga, umthunzi okhanyayo wamashiya ugqama ngokusobala. Lezi zinhlobo ziyathakazelisa ngoba azinakho ukwehluka ngombala.
Indawo yokuhlala ifinyelela engxenyeni eseningizimu yeYurophu, kanye nase-Asia (kuze kufike eChina). Njengoba le nyoni ithanda amaxhaphozi noma amadlelo agcwele amanzi njengendawo yokuhlala, ihamba ibanga elifushane kakhulu.
Okufanekisiwe yinyoni yamahhashi asezintabeni
Ihhashi elinomphimbo obomvu (Anthus cervinus) unemibala elandelayo: uhlangothi olungaphezulu lunsundu ngemivimbo emnyama emzimbeni; ingaphansi liliphuzi ngokumhlophe. Endaweni kunephethini elibomvu ngokubomvu, ligingqika ezinhlangothini zezinyoni ezithile.
Isici esihlukile ngamashiya amhlophe acacisiwe ngokukhanyayo kanye nendandatho yeso emhlophe ezacile. Indawo yokuhlala ifinyelela eNhlonhlweni yaseChukchi, ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Alaska. Zikhetha ukuhlala emaxhaphozini. Izindawo zokuhlala ehlobo nasebusika cishe ziyafana.
Lalela izwi lehhashi elinomqala obomvu
Esithombeni kukhona ihhashi elinomqala obomvu
Meadow ihhashi (Anthus pratensis) ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu. Umbala ompunga, ongabonakali, ingaphansi liliphuzi ngokukhanyayo. Indawo: enyakatho ye-Asia naseYurophu. Izinyoni ezihlala eNgilandi nase-Ireland zihlala phansi. Bonke abanye bathuthela enyakatho ye-Afrika noma eningizimu yeYurophu.
Lalela izwi le-meadowhorse
Inyoni yaseMeadowhorse
Ihhashi laseSiberia (Anthus gustavi) ungomunye wabamele abasenyakatho kakhulu. Ingxenye engenhla inombala ophuzi ngokunsundu ngemigqa engacacile. Le engezansi ipendwe mhlophe. Indawo: Kamchatka, Commander Islands, Chukotka Peninsula. Bakhetha ubusika e-Indonesia nasePhilippines.
Lalela izwi lehhashi laseSiberia
Ihhashi laseSiberia esithombeni
Ummango weSteppe (I-Anthus richardi) ikhula ize ifike ku-20 cm ubude futhi iyilungu elikhulu lohlobo lohlobo lwe-Central Europe. Umbala uyakhunjulwa ngokufanayo noweziketi eziningi (phezulu kunsundu, phansi kuyi-beige ekhanyayo). Indawo yokuhlala isuka empumalanga yeKazakhstan iye olwandle iPacific.
Esithombeni, le nyoni yihhashi lesigxathu
Ukudla kwenkukhu
Yize kunenqwaba yabantu abashibilika eqhweni, baye bafundelwa phezulu. Izinyoni zinamahloni futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukusungula ukudla ngqo kohlobo ngalunye. Yonke imininingwane eyaziwayo isungulwa ngokuhlinza izidumbu.
Kuyaziwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi lezi zinyoni zidla izinambuzane, ama-invertebrates, ama-arachnids njengokudla. Ukudla kwasebusika kungangezelelwa ngembewu. Indlela ethokozisayo yokondla ezinye izinhlobo zamaketi. Yize bekwazi ukundiza, bakhetha ukudla, bakha ukudla kuphela emhlabathini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila senyoni ye-skate
Ngokwemvelo, izinyoni zihlala zodwa, zihlangana iminyaka eminingana noma impilo yonke. Abukho ubufakazi besayensi bokuphetha ngokuphila okuphakathi kwalezi zinyoni.
Izidleke zihlelwe phansi, zizimboza ngokuphelele otshanini kusetshenziswa utshani, ubulembu noma izinkuni ezifile. Kaningi, izinwele zezilwane zisetshenziswa njengokulala.
Inani elijwayelekile lamaqanda ku-clutch yi-4. Esikhathini esiningi, kuphela amantombazane achanyuselwa amaphuphu, kepha kunezinhlobo zazo zombili izinyoni ezihlanganyela kulokhu (ngokwesibonelo, ipayipi laseSiberia). Imithwalo yemfanelo yokondla ingabelwa bobabili abazali (ihhashi lentaba).
Umbala wegobolondo ungaba mpunga, uphephuli okhanyayo, umnqumo, ama-specks kanye ne-streaks kungenzeka. Isikhathi sokufukamela sihlala ngokwesilinganiso sezinsuku eziyi-10-12. Ama-skate akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi amaphuphu azimela lapho eseneminyaka eyi-12.
Esithombeni, isidleke senyoni yihhashi
Ngaphandle kokugcina kwabo imfihlo nokubukeka kwe-nondescript, izikeyiti zingaba yizilwane ezifuywayo ezinhle. Babekezelela ukuthunjwa kahle, basheshe bavumelane nezimo ezintsha zokuphila, abanesizotha futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana baqala ukuhlukanisa inkosi yabo phakathi kwabanye abantu.
