Izinja zasePrairie ziyizimpuku ezihlakaniphile zesikwele
Igundane elithakazelisayo elivela emndenini we-squirrel: ngokungafani nabahlali behlathi, lihlala emigodini yobumba; kufana nengulube yomhlabathi noma i-gopher, kepha ikhonkotha njengenja.
Ezilwaneni zasendle, yayibhujiswa ngezinga elikhulu, futhi manje isiyathanjiswa njengesilwane esifuywayo. Indlela yempilo izinja zasemathafeni kufana nokuhlelwa komphakathi wesintu.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Izilwane zikhethe izindawo ezisentshonalanga-steppe ezisentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika nasenkabeni yeMexico. Badonswa ngamathafa anotshani obomile anemizimba yamanzi eduzane, emagqumeni. Abayithandi inhlabathi emanzi nezindawo eziphansi.
Imininingwane yokubukeka izinja zasemaphandleni eSiberia, Izinhlobo ze-Altai kwavela ukuthi zazinephutha. Ososayensi bachaza izinhlobo ezinhlanu zala magundane, ngasinye sazo sikhethe indawo esizohlala kuyo, umbala nesitayela sejazi loboya, nemisebenzi yonyaka.
Izinja ezaziwayo ezimhlophe ezinomsila omhlophe, izinja zaseMexico, ama-Uttian, abameleli abanomsila omnyama baziwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwabo, izinja zaseGunnison ziyahlukaniswa. Abahlali basemathafeni babengathandwa ngabalimi ngomonakalo womhlaba nokuhlalwa kwabantu abaningi, okuthinta imvelo nokwandisa ukuncintisana kokudla endaweni yokuhlala.
Abelusi baziqambela kanjani ukuqeda izinja zasemaphandleni, aqothula amagundane amahhashi nezinkomo ezikhubazekile ezaphuka imilenze yazo emigodini yezinja zasendle ezazingashoni phansi ebusweni bomhlaba.
Ngaphambi komkhankaso wokuqeda amagundane amahle, bekunabantu abangafika ezigidini eziyikhulu. Okwamanje, kusinde ngaphansi kuka-2% wabantu ababephila ezindaweni ezivikelekile. Izinja zasemaphandleni ezindala zikhula zifike ku-30-35 cm no-1-2 kg ngesisindo, okuhluka kuye ngesizini.
Abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa. Izilwane zazibizwa ngezinja ngokuthi imisindo yazo, efana nokukhonkotha kwemidlwane.
Lalela izwi lezinja zasendle
Izinduku zingama-diggers amahle kakhulu, ama-paws aqinile anezinzipho ezinamandla aguqulelwe ukumba izimbobo emhlabathini owomile. Umbala wejazi loboya uvela kokumpunga ngokunsundu ngokuya ku-beige okhanyayo esiswini. Amehlo amakhulu, ahlukaniswe kabanzi ekhanda eliyindilinga nezindlebe ezifihlwe ngoboya obukhulu. Umsila mncane futhi uyathambile.
Izinja zasePrairie bahlala emakoloni amakhulu abantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana. Ku-labyrinth engaphansi komhlaba kunezindawo eziningi ezihlukile zendlela yokuphila yemindeni ngayinye. Imithetho yobukhosi nokuhleleka isebenza emphakathini wezilwane ezihlakaniphile futhi ezisebenza kanzima.
IBurrows yakha imigudu eyinkimbinkimbi, okokuqala emaphaseji athambekele, bese kuba izimfoloko ezinamakamelo amaningi ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene: amakamelo okugcina, izindawo zokwakha izidleke, izindawo zokukhosela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye noma izikhukhula, ngisho nezindlu zangasese ezihlukene.
Ubude be-labyrinth enjalo bungafinyelela kumamitha angama-350 ubude kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-5 ukujula. Endaweni eyihektha eli-1 lensimu ehlala izinja, ungabala izindawo zokuphuma ezingaphezu kwama-50 kusuka esithabathabeni somuzi ongaphansi komhlaba.
Umgodi waminyaka yonke womhlabathi ovubukulwe wakha phezulu, osebenza njengothango olumelana nezikhukhula futhi njengendawo yokulinda impahla evikelwe ezitheni. Vikela izinja zasemathafeni ukuwa kwezimpungushe, izinyoka, izimbila, ama-coyotes, oklebe, oklebe, izinkozi zegolide ezihlasela zivela phezulu.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yezinja zasemaphandleni
Edolobheni izinja zasemathafeni kukhona isakhiwo senhlalo. Umndeni ngamunye unenhloko yowesilisa, abesifazane abangama-3-4 nenzalo yeminyaka emibili, kufika kubantu abayi-20 sebebonke.
Umndeni uhlinzekwa ngezindlu ezihlukene, kufaka phakathi "izinkulisa" lapho izingane zizalwa khona bese zondliwa. Abavikeli besilisa bahlala begada ikhaya labo futhi balilwela kanzima.
Abafokazi - omakhelwane baxoshwa ngesineke nangokuphikelela, ngokugwema umzabalazo womzimba, kuphela onenkani kakhulu ongabhujiswa. Umphakathi usabalalise ngokuqinile imisebenzi:
- abakhi - ukwakha amagalari amasha nokulungisa ezindala;
- onogada - ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwedolobha;
- othisha - ukufundisa isizukulwane esisha samakhono okusinda, njll.
Ukusebenza komsebenzi kanye nokukwazi ukuxhumana ngolimi lwabo kwehlukanisa izinja zasemaphandleni njengezilwane zenhlalo ezinesiphiwo. Izilwane azikhonkothi nje futhi zishaya umsila wazo ngasikhathi sinye, izindlela zokudlulisa imininingwane zehlukene kakhulu kangangokuba ososayensi baziqhathanisa nolimi lwamahlengethwa noma nezinga lokuxhumana kwe-primate.
Ngokwesibonelo, inja yasendle ingadlulisa ngezwi futhi ingabeki nje umlayezo mayelana nosongo, kepha icacise ukuthi ngubani osondelayo, uvela kuluphi uhlangothi nokuthi kanjani.
Ngakho-ke, izenzo lapho uklebe, ibheji noma i-coyote isondela kwehlukile: bathatha isembozo ngokushesha okukhulu, kepha bahlala ekuphumeni, noma bajule, noma basondele ngokucophelela emgodini.
Umsebenzi ophezulu wezinja ubonakaliswa emini: bayasebenza, baphatha izindlu zemigodi, baxhumana ngobungane, bayasizana, badlale nezingane. Umlindi osemilenzeni yakhe yangemuva ume phezu kothango lobumba futhi ahlole indawo ezungezile.
Izilwane zidla utshani phezu kwedolobha ukuze zibone kangcono. Abanye bahlanza amajazi oboya, bakhe izindlu zangasese ezintsha ezizongena esikhundleni sezindala, babheke izingane zikamakhelwane ezikhulayo, kanti umama umatasa nesizukulwane esisha. Phakathi kwabasondelene kakhulu emndenini kunesiko "lokuqabulana", lokuthinta ngemilomo evulekile. Ubudlelwano bezihlobo lapha buyathemba futhi buyanakekela.
Inja yasemaphandleni enomsila omnyama ayihambisani nezinye izinhlobo zezihlobo zayo. Uyazi ukuthi uhamba kanjani eqhweni. Izilwane "ezilele" azisebenzi kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuMashi ukushisa.
Ukudla
Ukudla kusekelwe kumakhambi ahlukahlukene akhula eduze nezindawo zokuhlala. Izimbali, amaqabunga, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela ezitshalo, imbewu, izithelo ezintsha, amantongomane abe ukudla. Ukuncintisana kokudla nemfuyo izinja zasemathafeni bakhishwa ngenkani emakhaya abo. Ukudla okungajwayelekile kwamagundane kungaba yizibungu nezinambuzane, izilwane ezingazideleli.
Abenzi mpahla ebusika, ukudla kudliwa khona lapho. Ngokungafani namanye amagundane amaningi we-pantry izinja zasemathafeni ungazuzi, futhi ebusika bondla noma yiziphi izimila ezitholakalayo, uma zingaweli ebusika.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala. Inzalo iyachamusela kungakapheli amasonto angama-28-32. Insikazi iletha udoti wemidlwane engu-4-7 kanye ngonyaka. Izingane zivela zinqunu futhi zingaboni, kuphela ngemuva kwenyanga amehlo azo evulekile.
Esontweni lesithupha, kuqala ukuphuma okuvela emgodini, ukubonakaliswa kokuzimela. Ziyayeka kuya ngobisi lukamama bese ziqala ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo.
Abazali abakhathalelayo bezinja ezikhulayo bangashiya amakhaya abo bakhe entsha eduze. Izilwane ezincane zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngeminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala. Abesilisa abavuthiwe bakha umndeni wabo, futhi abesifazane bangahlala kumzali.
Ngokwemvelo, izilwane zihlala kuze kube yiminyaka engu-5-7, futhi ekuthunjweni, isikhathi eside, kuncike ekunakekelweni okufanele. Thenga inja yasemaphandleni futhi ukumnakekela kulula. Izilwane ziyathanjiswa kalula bese zingazami ukubalekela endle. Izilwane ziba izilwane ezijabulisayo nezithandanayo.
