Izimvu yizilwane ezincelisayo ezikhanyayo ezingezomndeni we-bovid. Izimbuzi kanye nabanye abaningi abamele i-artiodactyl oda nabo bafakiwe kuyo. Okhokho bezimvu bangama-taxa asendle nama-mouflon ase-Asiatic, afuyiswa ngabantu eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa eyedlule.
Ngesikhathi sokumbiwa kwemivubukulo endaweni yase-Asia yanamuhla, kwatholakala izinsalela zezinto zasendlini nezingubo ezenziwe ngoboya bezimvu obuhle, kusukela ngekhulu lesi-9 BC. Izithombe zezimvu ezifuywayo zikhona ezikhumbuzweni ezahlukahlukene zamasiko omlando nezakhiwo, okuqinisekisa ukuthandwa okuphezulu kwezimvu zoboya, nokho, okungapheli namuhla.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala yezimvu ze-merino
I-Merino - Izimvu, okwathi ngqo kwaze kwaba ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili zazalaniswa ikakhulukazi ngabaseSpain. Bazalwa eminyakeni engaba yinkulungwane edlule kusuka ezinhlotsheni zoboya obucolekile, futhi kusukela lapho izakhamuzi zaseNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia ziye zavikela ngomona impumelelo yazo yokukhetha emkhakheni wokufuya izimvu.
Noma imuphi umzamo wokukhipha izilwane zalolu hlobo wawucindezelwa ngesihluku futhi ezimweni eziningi waphela ngesijeziso sentambo sabahleli bokuthunjwa. Kwakungemva kokunqotshwa koMbuso waseSpain empini neNgilandi lapho ama-merino akhishwa khona ezweni futhi asakazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu, okwenza ezinye izinhlobo eziningi, njengokhetho, i-Infantado, iNegretti, iMazayev, iNew Caucasian neRambouillet.
Uma izinhlobo ezintathu zokuqala zazingasabalaliswanga ngenxa yokuthi izilwane zazitotoswa ngokweqile, zinokuzivikela okubuthakathaka futhi zanikeza inani elincane loboya (kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4 kg ngonyaka), khona-ke iMazayev izala izimvu ezilethwa kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-15 kg woboya obucolekileyo ngonyaka.
ISoviet i-merino Kwavela ngenxa yokuwela kwezilwane zohlobo olusha lwaseCaucasus, olwenziwa ngusosayensi odumile wezilwane uPN Kuleshov, neFrance rambouille. Namuhla lezi zimvu ezinoboya obuhle zingenye yezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ekuzalelweni kwezimvu zenyama nezoboya besifunda iVolga, i-Urals, iSiberia nezindawo ezimaphakathi zaseRussia.
Isisindo sezinqama ezindala singafinyelela ku-120 kg, isisindo sezindlovukazi sisukela ku-49 kuye ku-60 kg. Ungabuka isithombe se-merino ukuze uthole umbono obonakalayo wamahlumela amaningi ohlobo.Uboya beMerino imvamisa iba nombala omhlophe, ubude bayo buphakathi kuka-7-8.5 cm endlovukazi kuze kufike kumasentimitha ayi-9 ezinqameni.
I-fiber uqobo lwayo lucebe ngokungajwayelekile (cishe lucishe luphindeke kahlanu kunenwele yomuntu), futhi, luyakwazi ukugcina ukushisa futhi luvikele isikhumba sesilwane emswakeni, eqhweni nasemoyeni onamandla.
Isici esithandekayo soboya be-merino iqiniso lokuthi alungeni iphunga lezithukuthuku ngokuphelele. Yingakho izingubo ezenziwe ngale fiber yemvelo zifunwa kakhulu cishe kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba.
Namuhla, i-merino ijwayelekile cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Azizithobi ekuphakeleni okuhlukahlukene, ziyakwazi ukwenza ngenani elilinganisiwe lamanzi, futhi ukukhuthazela kwezilwane kungaphezu kokwanele ukushintsha okude kusuka kwenye indawo kuye kwenye.
Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile semihlathi namazinyo, izimvu ziyazidonsa iziqu ngaphansi kwempande uqobo. Ngakho-ke, zingadla isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezibulewe amahhashi nezinkomo.
Noma kunjalo, kunezindawo lapho i-merino empeleni ingajwayelekile: lezi yizindawo zezulu ezishisayo ezinomswakama ophezulu, okuyizimvu ezingazibekezeleli kahle. I-merino yase-Australia - Izinhlobo zezimvu ezafuywa ngqo ezwenikazi lase-Australia zisuka ku-rambouille waseFrance ocolekile kanye naseMelika Vermont.
Okwamanje kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo, ezahluka ngokwazo ngaphandle nekhwalithi yoboya: "Okuhle", "Okumaphakathi" kanye "Nokuqina". Uboya bezilwane obudla emadlelweni nasezigodini ezihlanzekile zase-Australia buqukethe into ebalulekile ebizwa nge-lanolin.
Inezinto ezahlukile ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye nekhono lokulwa namagciwane ayingozi namagciwane. Umucu weMerino kuhle ngokwenza izinto ezinhle nezingavulekile, kanye namajezi afudumele anamandla.
Njengoba izindleko zalo namuhla ziphakeme impela, livame ukusetshenziswa njengesithako enhlanganisweni nosilika wemvelo noma i-cashmere. Imicu enjalo ibonakaliswa ngamandla aphakeme, ubumnene nokuqina.
Izimpahla zangaphansi ezishisayo zeMerino ngumkhiqizo oyingqayizivele ongavikeli ngokuphelele ngokuphelele umswakama obandayo nophakeme (i-fiber evela koboya be-merino i-hygroscopic kakhulu), kepha futhi isiza ngezifo ezinjenge-osteochondrosis, i-rheumatism, izifo ezahlukahlukene zamathambo kanye ne-bronchopulmonary.
Kususelwa izibuyekezo mayelana ne-merino (ngokunembile, ngoboya balezi zilwane), imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngayo inganciphisa izimpawu zesifo se-bronchitis esingelapheki, ukukhwehlela nezinkinga ezifanayo zempilo ngosuku lwesibili lokugqoka izingubo ezenziwe ngemicu yemvelo. Ingubo yeMerino ayibangeli ukungezwani komzimba, ithuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi ibamba iphunga elibi kakhulu.
Umswakama owedlulele awugciniwe emicu yomkhiqizo, empeleni, uhwamuka ngokushesha. Okhaphethi beMerino abiza kakhulu, kepha ukuqina kwawo nokubukeka kwawo okumangazayo kwenza amanani entengo aphezulu ale mikhiqizo.
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo ekhethwayo - kusuka koboya be-merino noma i-alpaca? Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zamuva aziqukethe ingxenye eyingqayizivele ye-lanolin, kepha zibhekwa njengezifanele kakhulu izinsana nezinsana.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yezimvu ze-merino
Kulabo abathathe isinqumo sokuthenga i-merino, kufanelekile ukwazi ngokuziphatha kwalezi zilwane. Ngokungafani nabanye abamele imfuyo efuywayo, izimvu zinenkani, ziyiziphukuphuku futhi zinamahloni.
Isimo semfuyo yabo senziwa ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, okusho ukuthi emhlambini omkhulu we-merino bazizwa bengcono kakhulu kunabodwa. Uma imvu eyodwa ihlukanisiwe nomhlambi wonke, kuzodala ukucindezeleka okumangalisayo kuyo yonke imiphumela elandelayo ngesimo sokushoda kwesifiso sokudla, ukukhathala nezinye izimpawu.
Izimvu zeMerino bayathanda ukugoqana ezinqwabeni ezinkulu futhi bahambe belandelana, okuvame ukudala ubunzima obuningi ngesikhathi sokudla noma kubelusi abanolwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zinamahloni kakhulu: zesaba imisindo emikhulu, indawo evaliwe nobumnyama, futhi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi encane, zingabaleka.
Ukuze babhekane nomhlambi wezinkulungwane eziningi, abelusi basebenzisa iqhinga elithile: ukulawula isilwane esisesikhundleni esiphambili emhlambini, baphoqa zonke ezinye izimvu ukuba zihambe ngendlela edingekayo.
Ukudla
Phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele, ukudla kwe-merino kufanele kube notshani obusha, amaqabunga neminye imifino. Ungangeza futhi i-hay, usawoti wedwala, ama-apula kanye nezaqathe kwimenyu. Esikhathini esibandayo, kubalulekile ukondla i-merino nge-oats, ibhali, ufulawa wepea, i-bran, okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe nemifino ehlukahlukene. Kunconywa ukwengeza izakhiwo ezinhlobonhlobo zamavithamini nezamaminerali.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nobude bempilo yemvu ye-merino
Abesifazane beMerino balungela ukuzalaniswa benonyaka owodwa. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha amaviki angama-22, ngemuva kwalokho kuzalwa amawundlu amabili kuya kwamathathu, okuthi emaminithini ayi-15 aqale ukuncela ubisi, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesigamu sehora bazimele.
Ukuze uthuthukise uhlobo, namuhla kaningi abalimi baphendukela ekusetshenzisweni kokukhulelwa. Isikhathi sokuphila se-merino ezimweni ezihlanzekile ngokwemvelo ezinkangala zase-Australia singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-14. Lapho zigcinwa epulazini, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwalezi zimvu sisukela eminyakeni eyi-6 kuye kweyi-7.
