Ezinye izilwane zihlukile ngokwemvelo kangangokuthi abekho abantu abafundile emhlabeni wethu ababengeke bazazi. Esinye salezi zilwane Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa... Ihluke kakhulu ezihlotsheni zayo eziseduze ngokubukeka nendawo yokuhlala. Lokhu kukude nezinhlobo zamabhere eziningi kakhulu, yingakho kuvusa inzalo enkulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ibhere elimhlophe
Ngokwezifundo ezisanda kwenziwa, ososayensi baphethe ngokuthi ibhere lasezindaweni eziphakeme, njengenhlobo, livele muva nje ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo okusheshayo. Ubudala bezinhlobo bulinganiselwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-150 kuphela. Yize ungeke uthembele ngokuphelele kulolu lwazi, ukuqoqa izinto zofuzo zalesi silwane kunezinkinga zako. Akuvamile ukuthola izinsalela eqhweni, mhlawumbe okuningi ngalezi zilwane kusalokhu kugcinwe lapho.
Ngakho-ke, ibhere le-polar lingelesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo, ukuhleleka kwezilwane ezidlayo, i-suborder yezilwane ze-canine, umndeni webhere, uhlobo lwamabhere. Ibizwa nangokuthi ibhere le-polar, kaningi ibhere lasenyakatho noma lolwandle. Kukholakala ukuthi amabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo aguquke emabhere ansundu ngenkathi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezisenyakatho ze-polar.
Ividiyo: I-Polar Bear
Kakade kuleli khulu lamanje, ubufakazi butholakele bokuba khona kohlobo oluphakathi nendawo - ibhere elikhulu le-polar, amathambo alo amakhulu kunesikhathi esisodwa nengxenye kunaleso sanamuhla, okutholakele kunqunyelwe emathanjeni ambalwa. I-DNA yalolu hlobo ifana neyebhere elinsundu nebhere lesimanje lesimhlophe. Ngakho-ke, kungabhekwa njengesixhumanisi esiphakathi ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ziyakhishwa ngesikhathi sokuvela, izilwane zikhawulelwe kakhulu yizimo zokuphila nohlobo lokudla. Lesi ngesinye sezilwane ezinamandla kakhulu futhi eziyingozi. Umzimba wakhe mkhulu kakhulu: ufinyelela kumamitha ama-3 ubude futhi ufike kumamitha ayi-1.5 lapho ubuna. Isisindo sesilwane esinjalo sikhulu kakhulu: abesilisa abakhulu kunabo bonke bane-800 - 1000 kg, abesifazane bancane kakhulu futhi abakhulu kunabo bonke bacishe babe ngu-400 kg lilinye.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibhere le-polar yezilwane
Amabhere we-polar yizilwane ezinkulu, ezisindayo. Ikhanda lincane uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba, linwetshiwe, licwecwe kancane. Amehlo ayindilinga, asethwe asondele ekhaleni. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo, ukukhululeka kogebhezi kubonakala ngokusobala, lapha ibhere linoqweqwe lwamafutha amancane kakhulu. Izindlebe zifushane, ziyindilinga, zincane. Impumulo ivulekile, ifana neyenja. Intamo yebhere le-polar yehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ngobude, yelulelwa phambili futhi mncane impela ekhanda. Ngezansi kwentamo iyanda, idlulela esiqwini. Inkulu kakhulu ebhereni, ivolumu eyengeziwe idalwa ngejazi elijiyile, elide, elingenamikhono nengubo yangaphansi.
Izidladla zayo zinamandla ikakhulukazi. Ngokushaya okukodwa, ibhere lingabulala isisulu salo, uma lingosayizi ophakathi nendawo. Ngokumangazayo, yize isisindo sezitho, ushesha kakhulu futhi ugijima ngejubane. Ukuqaphela ibhere le-polar kusuka ohlangothini, kungabizwa ngokuthi kunomusa futhi kunomusa. Amabhere anolwelwesi phakathi kwezinzwani ezinyaweni zawo zangaphambili, asiza ukwenza imivimbo enamandla, ngosizo lwazo izilwane zibhukuda kahle. Umzimba uphela emsileni omncane omhlophe.
Amabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo aguqulelwa ukuhlala emakhazeni amangalisayo, phakathi kweqhwa neqhwa, nokubhukuda emanzini abandayo. Imvelo ibanikeze ungqimba olujiyile lwamafutha, afinyelela ku-13 cm.
Isikhumba samabhere siwugqinsi, simnyama, sibonakala kahle kuma-paws, futhi, njengoba kwenzekile, kukhona uboya ematheni. Lokhu kuvumela amabhere ukuthi ahambe ngesibindi futhi angasheleli eqhweni. Futhi okusobala kakhulu ngoboya, buminyene, bunonya, bunemingcele emibili, bukhulu - buvikela nebhere esimweni sezulu esibi.
Ihlala kuphi ibhele elisendaweni emhlophe?
Isithombe: Ibhere elibomvu Incwadi Ebomvu
Amakhaza ajwayelekile ebhere, ngenxa yakhe lolu hlobo lwavela, futhi impilo ezimweni ezinjalo iyamfanela. Ulwandle kufanele lubekhona eduze nendawo yokuhlala. Amabhere awahambi kude uma eya ezweni, kepha angabhukuda ngokuphepha ezintabeni zeqhwa. Ngokumangazayo, lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukubhukuda zisuka ogwini ngisho namakhilomitha ayikhulu.
Ibanga elirekhodiwe ibhere ebelibhukuda lisuka ogwini lalotshwa njengamakhilomitha angama-600. Emanzini, kunjalo, banethemba lokubamba inyamazane yabo. Kungakho kwesinye isikhathi bebizwa ngokuthi basolwandle.
Isibalo esiphezulu sabantu abahlala ogwini lwe-Arctic Ocean. La mabhere asenyakatho ahlala eziqhingini ezinamakhaza kakhulu emhlabeni, ngokwesibonelo, iziqhingi zaseCanada naseGreenland, iziqhingi zazo zonke izilwandle ezisenyakatho ezigeza i-Eurasia, okuyilezi: uLwandle iBarents, iChukchi, iMpumalanga yeSiberia, i-Okhotsk neKara, uLaptev Sea neBeaufort Sea. Izindawo eziseningizimu kakhulu zendawo yokuhlala yamabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo yinsimu yase-Alaska nogu lwaseNorway. Kuvamile ukuthi amabhere asondele ezingqalasizinda ngesikhathi sezinsuku zokulamba efuna ukudla, lokhu kuvame ukubhalwa ngakho ezindabeni.
Ekuthunjweni, amabhere agcinwa ezivalelweni ezinechibi elikhulu. Badinga amanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Ekushiseni e-zoo, ungahlala ubuke ibhere lasezindaweni eziphakeme ligxumela emanzini, libhukuda, lidlala kulo, bese liphuma kuphela emhlabeni liphinde lishaye phansi futhi.
Idlani ibhere elimhlophe?
Isithombe: Bear Polar
Amabhere wePolar yizilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu kakhulu futhi adinga inani elikhulu lokudla. Ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezinzima abahlala kuzo, ukudla kwalezi zilwane kukhawulelwe ngokweqile - phela, phakathi kwezisulu zebhere kungaba nezilwane kuphela ezihlala ezimeni ezifanayo, futhi azikho kangako futhi zitholakala ikakhulu emanzini.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwamabhere kungabhalwa eminweni:
- Uphawu lwehabhu;
- Uphawu oluhlanganisiwe;
- Izindwangu ezinentshebe;
- Ama-walrus amancane;
- Ama-Narwhals;
- Imikhomo yaseBeluga;
- Inhlanzi;
- Isidumbu;
- Amaqanda ezinyoni.
Bazingela izilwane ezincelisayo ezintabeni zeqhwa, babuke ngaphandle, bese begaxa inyamazane, noma bacwilise amakhanda abo emanzini bese bezibamba ngamazinyo abo. Okuthandwa kakhulu, kunjalo, izimvu zamanzi nezimpawu. Ukudla isilwane, kuqala kumunca isikhumba namafutha angaphansi, okusele ngokuya kwesifiso sokudla. Ngokwesilinganiso, kufika ku-10 kg wokudla kwanele ukuze banelise indlala yabo. Kodwa uma ibhere lingemva kokuzulazula isikhathi eside noma ukulala ubusika bonke, khona-ke ukulungele ukudla konke futhi ngokuphelele, okwazi ukumunca ukudla okungu-20 kg.
Ehlobo, amabhere akuthola kunzima ukondla kwezinye izindawo, ngenxa yokuncibilika nokuhlehla kwezinguzunga zeqhwa lapho zizingela khona. Lokhu kubaphoqa ukuba bangene emaphandleni beyofuna izidleke zezinyoni, izilwane ezincane, noma ngisho namabhulokhi kanye nezindawo zokulahla.
Kwenzeka, amabhere futhi udlule esitelekeni sendlala. Eside kunazo zonke singahlala izinyanga ezine. Kepha izilwane zikulungele lokhu, izinqolobane zazo ezinamafutha azisebenzi njengokushisa kuphela, kepha futhi njengomthombo wezakhi zomzimba esikhathini esilambile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ibhere elikhulu elisendaweni emhlophe
Izidingo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamabhere asezindaweni eziphakeme ukudla nokulala. Futhi lokhu akumangazi esimweni sezulu esibanda kangaka. Isilwane sichitha isikhathi esiningi eqhweni, sizingela futhi sidle izisulu zaso. Ukuzingela kuyimpilo yabo. Bazulazula ngasogwini, babheke ama-walrus amancane. Lapho selitholile isifanekiso esincane, ibhere linyonyoba kulo ngokucophelela. Umbala omhlophe usiza kakhulu lapha, uguqula ibhere ngemuva kwesithwathwa. Lizithola lingamamitha ayishumi ukusuka kulitshe, ibhere ligxumela phambili lisihlasele. Kepha ama-walrus abantu abadala asenzima kubo, futhi emanzini angalwa nokulwa.
Ngemuva kokudla, ibhere likwazi ukulala amahora amaningana, ngemuva kwalokho liphinde liye ekuzingeleni futhi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ubeke emafutheni amaningi, ngoba ne-Arctic Ocean inezinkinga zayo. Ngokumangazayo, lawa ancibilikile, wonke amaqhwa asuka ngasogwini, lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi ibhere lizingele futhi liphoqe ukuthi lifune ukudla okuncane emhlabeni.
Kwabesilisa nabesifazane abangakhulelwe, impilo imi kanjena: ukuzingela nokulala okunye. Ebusika, bangase balale, kodwa lokhu akudingekile. Futhi uma ibhere lilele emgodini, khona-ke ngeke lihlale isikhathi eside. Ukulala kungathatha inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu, bese - ukuzingela futhi.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe bahlala bechitha ubusika bonke, futhi isikhathi eside, kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli. Isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokuphila sebhere le-polar ezilwaneni zasendle yiminyaka engama-20-30. Amabhere we-polar asetshenziselwa impilo engenayo i-frills. Zonke izinto eziphilayo ezihlala eduzane zingukudla okungaba khona. Ngakho-ke, isilo singahlasela abantu nezinja.
Sekuyisikhathi eside abazingeli bamaBhere bephawule ukunamathela okungavamile kwalezi zilwane enzalweni yazo. Kunamacala amaningi abhalisiwe lapho ibhere lihlala liklewula futhi likhothe amawundlu abulewe, lingayinaki ingozi ezayo kulo. Futhi ukubonakaliswa okwaziwayo kokuhlukunyezwa okuqinile ngokumelene nababulali.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: ama-polar bear cubs
Amabhere we-polar ahlala wedwa ngemvelo, abesilisa nabesifazane. Bangazulazula futhi bazingele eduze komunye nomunye, kepha abanakho ukuxhumana okuningi. Lapho isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ezilwaneni, futhi lokhu kuyisentwasahlobo, Mashi-Juni, abesilisa bangakwazi ukuhambisana nabesifazane futhi balwe nabanye abesilisa. Owesifazane ngamunye ovuthiwe ngokobulili angahamba nabesilisa abaningana abavuthiwe ngokocansi. Uganisana nomnqobi oyedwa.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesifazane bayakwazi ukuhlela umhume bese bengena ebusika. Ngentwasahlobo, izinyane elilodwa kuya kwamathathu lizalwa, kepha kaningi kukhona amabili alo. Isisindo sengane eyodwa singaphansi kwekhilogremu, futhi abukho uboya. Ezimweni ezingamaphesenti angamashumi amabili, izingane ziyafa. Kuze kube yinyanga, amawundlu angaboni ngokuphelele, akhula kancane kakhulu futhi adinga ukufudumala komama nokunakekelwa. Isikhathi sokuncelisa amabhele asezindaweni ezibandayo sihlala unyaka owodwa nohhafu. Kuze kube yiminyaka emibili ubudala, amawundlu angahlala nonina, bese eqala ukuphila impilo eyedwa.
Izinsikazi zivuthwa ngokocansi kusukela eminyakeni emine ubudala, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zingaletha inzalo yazo yokuqala zisukela eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ubudala. Abesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni cishe eminyakeni emihlanu ubudala noma ngisho kamuva. Umama, ibhere, unikela iminyaka emithathu ekukhulelweni nasekunceliseni ibele. Lokhu kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu lapho abesifazane bezala njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Kepha emvelweni, kunjalo, ubunzima buhlangana njalo futhi abesifazane bakhulelwa kaningi. Ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukwandisa inani lamabhere we-polar.
Izitha zemvelo zamabhere we-polar
Isithombe: Ibhere laseSiberia
Phakathi kwezakhamizi zasenyakatho, ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe alinazitha eziningi. Kunabantu abambalwa abakwazi ukubhekana nomuntu omdala. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubhukuda nokudilika, ngenkathi ibhere lizizingela, lingahlaselwa yi-walrus endala enezimpondo ezinkulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi imikhomo ebulalayo - izilwane ezinkulu zasolwandle - ziyayihlasela.
Uma ukhuluma ngezitha zamabhere we-polar, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi angaba yingozi kanjani amawundlu awo. Azinakuzisiza kangangokuthi, uma zikude nonina, zingaba yizisulu zazo zonke izidalwa ezisemhlabeni:
- UVolkov;
- UPestsov;
- Izinja;
- Izinyoni ezidla inyama.
Uma umama eqashelwa noma ethuthelwa kude ngenxa yezinyamazane, amawundlu avele abhekane nengozi, engenangqondo futhi eyisiphukuphuku ngokwawo angajaha ukuhlangabezana nokufa. Ngisho nalapho evikelwe ngokusemthethweni, ngokuvamile amabhele aba izisulu zabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Umuntu wayeyikho, futhi uhlala eyisitha esikhulu samabhere asezindaweni eziphakeme.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibhere elimhlophe elivela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, inani eliphelele lamabhere we-polar lingabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20-25. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi babikezela ukwehla kwenani ngengxenye yesithathu ngo-2050.
Abantu abathathu bamabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo bahlukaniswe ngokwendawo:
- EChukotka-Alaska;
- IKara-Barents Sea;
- Laptevskaya.
ERussia, amabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo abhalwe kuRed Book ngaphansi kwesimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini. Ukwanda kwenani lamabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo kuyangabazeka: zizala kancane, futhi inani lokufa aliwi. Naphezu kokuvinjelwa kwamabhere okudubula, abaningi baba yizisulu zabazingeli abangekho emthethweni ngenxa yesikhumba ngisho nokuzingela nje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo somzimba sezilwane siba sibi.
Ososayensi babikezela ukufudumala, okungabonakali kahle ngalezi zinhlobo. Kusukela eqhweni elincibilikayo, amabhere ancishwa indawo yawo yokuhlala enkulu nokuzingela, alamba futhi afe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngaphandle kokuthola ngisho nesikhathi sokushiya inzalo. Emashumini eminyaka adlule, imvelo yendawo yokuhlala iye yonakala, lokhu kuthinta nenani labantu futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila sabantu.
Polar bear bear
Isithombe: Ibhere le-polar yezilwane
Kudala, ngemuva kokuthola lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo, abazingeli baqothula amabhere enyama nezikhumba. Isilo sasihlukile, isikhumba saso sasingenakuqhathaniswa nomunye umuntu. Kepha ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nokusabalala kwentshisekelo kwimvelo phakathi kwabantu, isifiso sokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane zaqala ukuvikelwa ngumthetho.
Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, ukuzingela amabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo akuvunyelwe eRussia. E-Alaska, eCanada naseGreenland kukhona izilinganiso ezikhethekile zamabhere okuzingela. Lezi zilinganiso ziyehluka unyaka nonyaka, kuya ngemibono kanye nezibalo zososayensi.
Ngo-1973, kwasayinwa isivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe anenqwaba yamabhere ngokuvikelwa kwawo. Ukuzizingela sekuyicala lobugebengu, ngaphandle kwemikhuba yendabuko yabantu bomdabu base-Arctic.
Futhi, ukukhulisa inani labantu besilwane, indawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo yasungulwa e-Wrangel Island ngo-1976; amabhere ngokwawo akhetha le ndawo ukuzala abantwana. Kakade ngekhulu lama-21, iRussia ne-United States zisayine isivumelwano sokulondolozwa kwabantu baseChukotka-Alaska. Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo, isibikezelo senani lamabhere eminyakeni ezayo sibuhlungu. Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yabantu, kunalabo abaphula yonke imithetho futhi abaqothula amabhere. Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kunciphisa izilwane ukudla okuhle, futhi ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuyingozi empilweni yazo.
Manje abantu banamathuba amaningi nesifiso sokusiza izilwane emvelweni. Lokhu kunikeza ithemba lokuthi Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa izozizwa ingcono futhi ingakhuphuka ngamanani eminyakeni ezayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-16: 20
