Ama-stingray abahlali abajulile abahlukile ngempela. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlanzi ezindala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngenkathi zikhona, ezaba nezinguquko ezinkulu zangaphandle. Banokuhlukahluka okuningi kwabanye abantu abahlala olwandle olujulile. Lezi zinhlanzi ezimangalisayo zitholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, kusuka emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo kuya emanzini aseduzane ne-arctic, ekujuleni nasekujuleni kwamamitha angaphezu kwama-2700.
Incazelo yama-stingray
Ama-stingray uhlobo lwenhlanzi e-chordate cartilaginous enomzimba oyisicaba namaphiko we-pectoral amise okwamaphiko, ahlanganiswe nomzimba nekhanda. Umzimba wonke wale nhlanzi umelwe yindiza eyodwa. Kunamakhulu ezinhlobo ze-stingray. Sebebonke babalelwa ku-340. Ngokwesistimu yokwakheka nokuzala, basondelene nomzingeli wolwandle - ushaka.
Ukubukeka
Umzimba wonke wezinhlanzi ezingama-stingray ugoqwe wamiswa ngendlela eyodwa yedayimane... Inamaphiko amakhulu we-pectoral atjhidela pheze ukusuka embhedeni womlomo kuye phasi komsila wayo omncani. Ezinye izinhlobo zibonakala ngokuba khona kwekhala elibukhali, ukubukeka kwalo okuhlinzeka indawo ye-rostral cartilage. Umbala we-stingray ungaba yi-monochromatic noma uhluke ngephethini ethile. Isukela kumathoni akhanyayo kuya konsundu, mpunga, amnyama nazo zonke izinhlobo zamachashazi noma amaphethini. Emzimbeni we-stingray, imibala egqamile egqamile ingahlanganiswa, noma ukufaka umbala kusho ubunye obuphelele nemvelo ukuze kufihlwe ezansi ekujuleni.
Kuyathakazelisa!Umbala wesilwane uncike kakhulu endaweni esihlala kuyo.
Iningi linezinhlaka ezicwebezelayo noma ezihlabayo ngaphezulu komzimba. Ezinye izinhlobo ziziqhayisa ngomsila okwazi ukukhipha ukuphuma kwamandla kagesi okubuthakathaka. Ama-stingray ajwayelekile (iRajidae), atholakala kuningi lomhlaba, anezimpiko ezimbili zasemhlane emsileni. Ama-stingray ezinhlobo ze-Arynchobatidae anayo eyodwa, kanti i-Anacanthobatidae ayinayo nhlobo. Imilomo kanye nokuvuleka kwe-gill kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo ngaphandle kokukhetha kutholakala ohlangothini olungezansi lomzimba. Futhi, zonke izinhlobo zihlangene ngendlela yokuzala, zivame ukubeka amaqanda, atholakala kaningi emabhishi, ama-oblong futhi avikelwe ngamabhokisi esikhumba.
Isakhiwo esingajwayelekile somzimba we-stingray siholele ekutheni ukuvuleka kwawo okuyinhloko nezitho zangaphandle kuthuthele endizeni engezansi. Kule ngxenye yomzimba kukhona umlomo obanzi onemigodi ezinhlangothini. Ngokubukeka, afana namehlo amahle wesilwane. Noma kunjalo, akunjalo. Amachashazi asebenza njengama-squiggles. Kungenxa yale mibobo ukuthi i-stingray ingaphefumula, ifafaze amanzi kuyo ukuze iqhubeke nokungena ezigulini. Amehlo ngokwawo atholakala endizeni ephezulu yomzimba. Usayizi wazo uyahlukahluka kuye komkhulu kuye komncane futhi ungabonakali ngokuphelele lapho efihlwe esibayeni sesikhumba, ngokwesibonelo, njengakumisebe eyimpumputhe.
Isixazululo esinjalo esingajwayelekile esakhiweni somzimba se-stingray saphoqeleka ukuthi sikhiphe izitho zokubhukuda zesilwane. Isiphetho sendunu siyancishiswa, kuyilapho ama-pectoral akhe indiza eyodwa enkulu ehambayo nomzimba, njengamaphiko enyoni. Ukuhamba kwazo futhi kuyefana nenqubo yokundiza kwenyoni. Umgwaqo ngasikhathi sinye ubaphakamisa, bese behlisa kancane kancane. Yilesi sici esinikeza i-stingray ukuhamba okuhle kakhulu, kanye nekhono lokuhamba ngokushesha futhi ligxume lize emanzini ukuphakama kwamamitha ambalwa.
Kuyathakazelisa!Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezisebenzisa amaphiko we-pectoral. Ezinye stingray ukuhambisa usebenzisa kwemisipha umsila ukunyakaza. Ngale ndlela, izinhlanzi ezinamaphiko amancane we-pectoral angathuthukisiwe ziphoqeleka ukuba zihambe.
Futhi, kuye ngohlobo lwendawo nendawo okuhlala kuyo, osayizi bama-stingray nabo bayahluka. Ummeli omncane wabantu abahlala emafulethini olwandle afinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-15 kuphela. Igama lakhe ngu-Indian ray kagesi. Ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke ulwandle lwasathane, ubuye abe yi-manta ray. Lesi silwane sifinyelela usayizi wamamitha ayi-6 kuye kwayi-7, sinesisindo esingamathani amabili nengxenye. Inhlanzi enjalo ingahle ijike isikebhe sokudoba. Yize kukodwa lokhu, yize kukhulu ngokumangazayo, kungakhombisi ulaka kubantu.
Kepha lokhu akuzange kumvimbe ezikhathini zasendulo ukuthi abe yimbangela yokwethuka kwabasolwandle ngesikhathi eqa ephuma emanzini. Umsila wayo omude, ofana nesiswebhu nomzimba omkhulu, ngenkathi iwela emanzini, yakhipha umsindo wokudutshulwa kwenganono, okwakungethusa amatilosi angazi lutho.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ama-stingray yizilwane ezivamile emhlabeni wonke.... Zitholakala kokubili ezindaweni eziphakeme nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ezinye zazo zifuduka minyaka yonke zihamba amabanga amade, kanti ezinye ziphambene nalokho. Abanye abashiyi amanzi afudumele, abanye ngenkani bakhetha ukuzulazula emifuleni ebandayo. Ngaphandle kokuthi lezi yizilwane ezizimele zodwa, zingatholakala zitholakale emihlanganweni emikhulu.
Futhi bahlala ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene. I-stingray ingahlala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-2700, kanye nasemanzini angajulile. Ukufana okukhulu kokubekwa yindawo yokuhlala engezansi. Ama-stingrays athanda ukugobhoza ngokoqobo ekuqongeleleni udaka noma isihlabathi ezansi. Umzimba wabo oyisicaba ulungele indawo yokuhlala engezansi. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zilwane zihlala olwandle olunosawoti nasezilwandle, futhi yizinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezinamanzi amasha ahlanzekile. Imisebe kuphela yama-manta ayesabi ukubhukuda isuke ogwini nangaphansi. Ubukhulu bayo obukhulu abuniki isilwane isizathu sokukhathazeka.
Zingaki ama-stingray aphilayo
Isikhathi sokuphila kwama-stingray sithembele kubukhulu bawo. Uma isilwane sikhulu, singaphila isikhathi eside. Amanani amaphakathi asukela eminyakeni engu-7 kuya kwengu-25.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Lezi zilwane ziveze isimilo sobulili. Owesilisa uhluke kakhulu kowesifazane ngisho nalapho esewusana. Konke kumayelana nezitho zangasese, ezitholakala emakhoneni ezinsimbi zomthambo zethambeka. Ebuntwaneni, zimelwe ngamatubhu amancane, angabonakali, ngesikhathi sokuthomba, ama-tubercles enza isimo samashubhu e-oblong, afinyelela kumasentimitha amaningana kubantu abaphakathi.
Izinhlobo stingray
Ososayensi bahlukanisa imiyalo elandelayo yemisebe, kufaka phakathi ugesi, i-stingray, i-sawtooth ne-stingray. Izinhlobo zifaka amagama anjenge-stingray, bracken, gnus, isiginci, izinhlobo ezi-7 zamasawoti kanye nama-daffodils.
Ukudla kwama-stingray
Ama-stingray yizilwane ezidla ezinye ngokwemvelo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, kuphela abamele abancane kakhulu bezinhlobo abaphoqeleka ukuba badle ama-plankton, ama-mollusks amancane, ama-octopus nezibungu. Amanye ama-stingray athungatha inyamazane. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zingaba isisulu se-stingray enkulu.
Isibonelo, i-flounder, i-salmon, i-haddock, i-cod, ne-sardines. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi i-stingray enkulu kunazo zonke yi-manta ray, usathane wasolwandle onamandla futhi omkhulu ondla izinhlanzi ezincane kanye ne-plankton. Ihlunga ukudla kwayo ngokuvuleka kwe-gill njenge-whale shark. Yingakho kungathwali okubi kubantu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Okunye, izinhlobo ezincane ezincane zibonisa izindlela zokuzingela eziyinkimbinkimbi, amathuluzi abelwe wona nguMama Wemvelo uqobo. Iningi lazo liyakwazi ukuqoqa futhi likhiphe ukukhishwa kwamandla kagesi ngesikhathi esifanele.
Banga inyamazane yabo ngamaphiko abo we-pectoral bese beyishaya ngogesi. Ngezinhlanzi ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, lokhu kwanele. Lapho umuntu ewela ogibeni, uzozwa izinhlungu ezinamandla kakhulu noma, esimweni esibi kakhulu, ukukhubazeka kwesikhashana kwezitho, okungaba yingozi ezimweni zokuba ngaphansi kwamanzi. ISaw-snout imba phansi, iyethusa bese iqhubela izinhlanzi ezincane ngaphezulu, ngemuva kwalokho iyishaya ngokucophelela ngenqubo yayo enwetshiwe enjengesaha, egcwele izinaliti nhlangothi zombili. Ezinye izinhlobo ziphishekela inyamazane, bese ziyayihlaba ngomsila obukhali.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ama-stingray yizilwane ezithakazelisa kakhulu... Bobabili bangazalela amaqanda futhi bazale amawundlu aphilayo. Owesifazane uphonsa amaqanda ku-algae, ukwakheka kwawo okuwavumela ukuthi banamathisele ngempumelelo kuwo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunezintambo ezincane esakeni lesibungu ngasinye.
Inani lamachwane kowesifazane ngamunye lincike ezinhlotsheni ezithile. Isibonelo, i-manta ray izala izinyane elilodwa kuphela ngesikhathi, elinesisindo esingaba ngamakhilogremu ayi-10. Abanye bakhiqiza okuningi. Emjikelezweni owodwa wokuzala, isilwane esikhulile singabeka amaqanda ama-5 kuye kwangama-50. Ukukhula kwemibungu nakho kuyehluka.
Kuyathakazelisa!Izinhlobo ze-Viviparous zikhula imibungu emgodini ofana nesibeletho sama-mammalian. Ngayo, bayanikezwa ukudla, ngezinqubo zayo ezikhethekile.
Njengomphumela wokuzalwa kokubili, kuzalwa ama-fry asebenzayo, akhiwe futhi asebenzayo. Abanye babo banekhono lokuqongelela imali kagesi.
Izitha zemvelo
Izinga lokuphepha lama-stingray libuye lincike ohlotsheni lwawo, noma ngokunembile, usayizi wawo. I-manta kuphela, uSathane wasolwandle, ongaziqhayisa ngokuzola okuphelele kulokhu. Ubukhulu bayo obumangalisayo benza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlela ukuphepha okucishe kube yikhulu lamaphesenti. Amacala aqediwe okuqothula kuphela ukubanjwa kwabadobi "abanesibindi", ngoba inyama yalezi zinhlanzi ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi ezindaweni eziningi zokupheka zomhlaba.
Abanye ama-stingray baphoqeleka ukuthi banakekele ukuphepha kwabo, ngoba bavame ukuba yizisulu zoshaka nezinye izidalwa ezinkulu zasolwandle. Futhi lezi zinhlanzi zivikelwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinhlobo zikagesi "zilwa" ngokukhishwa kwamanje, ama-pelagic anethemba lokuhamba okuphezulu nokushesha, labo abahlala ezansi bakhetha ukunganamatheli kuze kuhlwe.
Futhi, ama-stingray ashintshwe umbala. Iningi lazo linesisu esilula - ngokuvumelana nokubukwa kwesibhakabhaka kusuka ngezansi, nokufakwa kombala komzimba ongenhla ngombala wezansi yendawo ahlala kuyo.
Ama-stingray stingray athathwa njengayingozi kakhulu kwabaphula umthetho.... Ukukhethwa kwezikhali kucacile egameni. Umsila obukhali walolu hlobo unamaseli anobuthi angakhubaza imisipha yabantu, anciphise umfutho wegazi kwesinye isikhathi, futhi aholele nakwezinye izinhlobo zokukhubazeka. I-toxin evela kule nhlanzi ingadala ukuhlanza isikhathi eside.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Amanye ama-stingray abanjelwe ukuthengisela amaphiko awo amnandi. Kukholakala kabanzi ukuthi amaphiko we-pectoral wezinye izinhlobo anambitheka njengama-scallops, ngakho-ke abanjwa ngokungenasihawu ngama-trawls.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngeshwa, ngisho ne-stingray uqobo lwayo akuyona ngaso sonke isikhathi isisusa sokugcina. Amaphiko aso angasetshenziswa futhi ukudoba lapho kudotshwa ama-lobster.
Ngaphezu kokudoba ngenhloso yokwenza inzuzo, ama-stingray avamise ukubanjwa kumanetha njengokubanjwa kancane nje. Ezinye izinhlobo zithathwa njengezidliwe ngokweqile futhi zivikelwe ezingeni likazwelonke, njenge-United States. Kunezinhlelo zokuphatha lapho ukuvikela abantu be-stingray ngokusebenzisa amasu afana nemikhawulo yokudoba nokuvinjelwa kobunikazi.
