Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo imvukuzane
Isilinganiso esivamile semvukuzane Isilwane esincelisayo esise-oda lamagundane. Ngokuthuthuka kokuthuthuka, zonke izitho zalesi silwane zivumelane nendlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba.
Amehlo anciphile ngokuphelele futhi alahlekelwe amandla okubona. Lokhu cishe kuwukuphela kwento ethokozisayo yamagundane, lapho kube nokulahleka okuphelele kombono. Indlela yokuphila yalezi zilwane ezincelisayo ingaphansi komhlaba kuphela. Amagundane angaboninjengezimvukuzane, zimba ama-labyrinths amade ama-passage, futhi zidudula inhlabathi eyeqile ebavimbela phezulu.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 emndenini wegundane lemvukuzane. Ngamunye wabo unendawo yakhe yokuhlala. Isilinganiso semvukuzane yezilwane ukhetha ama-steppes, izingwadule, i-step-steppe namaphethelo ehlathi lapho ehlala khona. Inhlabathi efanelekile ukuhlala kwabo kufanele ibe nabantu abaphakathi. Ubumba nenhlabathi enesihlabathi akulungele bona. Indawo abahlala kuyo ifaka amahlathi asemahlathini namathafa aseMoldova, e-Ukraine naseRussia.
Impumputhe imba phansi ngamazinyo ayo
Lawa ikakhulukazi amadlelo noma umhlaba ongalinyiwe, ocebile ngohlaza oluthambile. Imvukuzane yemvukuzane ngokwalo lincane ngosayizi. Ubude bayo bungu-30-32 cm. Kala kusuka ku-700 gr. kuze kufike ku-1 kg. Uphila impilo ecashile, ngakho bambalwa abantu abambona ephila. Ukulungisa lokhu kubhekwa futhi sibe nombono wokuvela kwalesi silwane, sikulethela ezimbalwa isithombe samagundane emvukuzane.
Njengoba ubona esithombeni, asinazo izindlebe, amehlo aso afihlwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba, futhi umsila waso omncane ucishe ungabonakali. Izitho zalomuntu ohlala ngaphansi zifushane, kanti ikhanda lifana nefosholo le-bayonet. By the way, umba imigudu yayo igundane lemvukuzane kuphela ngamazinyo, hhayi ngezidladla.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngale ndlela elandelayo, izingqimba zangaphambili zokulunywa kwesilwane esincelisayo zingena emhlabathini, bese kuthi ngosizo lwekhanda elifana nefosholo, kukhishwe izigaxa zomhlaba ezichotshoziwe. Isakhiwo esikhethekile somhlathi nemisipha sivumela ama-incisors aphansi ukuthi ahlukane futhi awahambise phambili nasemuva.
Lo msebenzi uholela ekugqokeni okukhulu kwamazinyo ku- igundane lemvukuzane... Kepha ungakhathazeki, ama-incisors akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke lo mhlali ongaphansi komhlaba ngeke ashiye ngaphandle "kwethuluzi" lokumba imigudu yakhe. Ngendlela, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, akagcini nje ngokugaya izinsimbi, kodwa futhi uzilola lapho udla umhlabathi. Izilwane ekuthunjweni zifanelwe uzwela olwengeziwe.
Abanalo ithuba lokugedla amazinyo futhi kwesinye isikhathi abakwazi ukuvala imilomo yabo ngenxa yokuthi ama-incisors akhule aba ngosayizi abakhulu kakhulu. Uboya balezi zidlakela zomsebenzi wabo wobuciko buthambile kakhulu, umbala omnyama. Impumulo imbozwe ungqimba lwe-keratinized lesikhumba. Yilesi sendlalelo esivikelayo. Ivikela ekulimaleni okuhlukahlukene kwemishini ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezindonga zemisele.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yegundane lemvukuzane
Uma ama-moles ekhulula inhlabathi ngezidladla zangaphambili, khona-ke amagundane esihlabathi ephethe izinsimbi ezinamandla. Ngemuva kokusebenza kwabo, izinqwaba zomhlaba zihlala zikhudlwana kunalezo zezimvukuzane, futhi zifinyelela cishe ku-0.5 m.
Esithombeni kunesilinganiso semvukuzane yesihlabathi
Isisindo senqwaba eyodwa singafinyelela ku-10 kg. Kusuka kwabamele abayi-3 kuye kwabangu-20 balolu hlobo bahlala ku-1 ha lomhlaba. Isikhathi esisebenza kakhulu salezi zigundane siwela ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo. Ehlobo nasebusika, ziya zingasebenzi, kepha azihlali zilala. Ama-Labyrinths wamagundane amakhulu emvukuzane ekhethekile ngesakhiwo sabo.
Isici sabo esihlukile uhlelo lwe-tiered tunnel. Ngakho-ke, isitezi esiphezulu "sesakhiwo esinjalo" sithathwa njengokudla, sitholakala ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-25. Kulesi sigaba, amagundane aqoqa ukudla: izilimo eziyizigaxa, ama-rhizomes ezitshalo. Isitezi sesibili sinemihubhe, izidleke zasehlobo nobusika nezindlu zokugcina. Itholakala ijule - 3-4 m.
Ebusika, ukungena kwale mipheme engaphansi kugcwele umhlaba, futhi isilwane sihlala lapha kuze kufike izikhathi ezifudumele. Indawo ephelele yama-labyrinths anjalo ingamamitha angama-450. Inani lezitolo zokudla endaweni enjalo lingafinyelela izingcezu eziyi-10, kanti amasheya asebusika angaba ngu-10 kg. Nasi isilwane esonga kangaka.
Indlela yokuphila yamagundane amakhulu imzwangedwa. Bayigada ngokucophelela imingcele yendawo yabo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukungqubuzana kwabesilisa ababili kuphelela ezimpini phakathi kwensimu okunomphumela obulalayo. Imisebenzi yabo idala ukulimala okukhulu kwezolimo.
Izimpawu zempuku yemvukuzane engadini - lawa ngama-slide omhlaba. Abagcini nje ngokonakalisa ukubukeka kobuhle besiza, kepha futhi bonakalisa isivuno. Ummbila, imidumba, izaqathe, ama-beet namazambane kuhlushwa kakhulu kulezi zilwane ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ngosuku nje, umuntu oyedwa uyakwazi ukulimaza izihlahla ezinezimpande ezi-4-6. Izithulu uhlale phansi kusayithi lakho, indlela yokubhekana nayo?
Ungasusa lesi sinambuzane ngokumba kabusha inhlabathi. Ngakho-ke ngichitha izigaba zokuphakelwa kweziqephu zabo. Kwenzeka ukuthi bathuswe iphunga elingathandeki, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile ezithengiwe. Enye yezinketho zokulwa yile ukuthwebula mathupha kwegundane lemvukuzane. Ukwenza lokhu, kunqunywa ukungena okusha emgodini bese kufunwa omunye umnyango. Ngemuva kwalokho kumbiwa ingxenye phakathi kwabo.
Esithombeni kunamagundane amakhulu emvukuzane
Lesi silwane asikubekezeleli okusalungiswa, ngakho-ke sizozama ukuqeda ukubhujiswa. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho kuzokwazi ukubamba lesi silokazane. Shayela igundane lemvukuzane ungasebenzisa futhi amanzi. Bathola indunduma yomhlaba exutshwe nobumba bese bethela amanzi emgodini oseduze.
Ukudla
Zondla kuphela ngokudla kwezitshalo. Badla izilimo eziyizigaxa, ama-rhizomes. Ukufika esiqwini, badonsa impande ukuze isitshalo sonke sibe semgodini wabo. "Izitsha" eziyizintandokazi zamagundane emvukuzane yimidumba, i-Asteraceae ne-Umbelliferae.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Amagundane angaboni ayaphila ngokubodwa, kepha ngenkathi yokuzalisana bakha amaqembu emindeni. Umndeni onjalo uhlanganisa owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane ongu-1-2. Njengomthetho, amalungu emindeni enjalo ahlala endaweni. Indoda idonsa umhubhe oya kowakhethiweyo wayo. Uhambisa emisindweni eyenziwa ngowesifazane.
Uma kukhona abesifazane ababili eqenjini, khona-ke bazala ngokulandelana. Unyaka owodwa ngowokuqala, owesibili ngomunye. Izinyunyana ezinjalo zihlukana kuphela uma kwenzeka kufa umuntu. Izingane ezingama-2-3 zizalwa ngonyaka. Lesi sehlakalo esibalulekile siqala ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMeyi.
Ukuhlaliswa kabusha kwesizukulwane esisha kwenzeka ngendlela eyinqaba. Ngakho-ke "amantombazane" athuthelwa emazingeni aphezulu ngonyaka ngemuva kokubonakala kwawo, futhi "abafana" - unyaka wesibili, ezansi eziphansi. Baqala ukuvuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala. Ukulindela impilo kwamagundane emvukuzane yiminyaka engu-2,5 - 9.
