Ufudu lwaseCentral Asia, olwaziwa nangokuthi i-steppe tortoise (iTestudo (Agriоnemys) hоrsfiеldii), lungolomndeni wezimfudu zaseLand (Testudinidae). Imisebenzi ye-herpetologists yaseRussia ibeka lolu hlobo njengohlobo lwe-monotypic of the Central Asia tortoises (Agriоnemys).
Incazelo yofudu wase-Asia Ephakathi
Izimfudu zase-Asia Ephakathi azithobekile futhi ziyathakazelisa impela, ngokombono wokugcina ekuthunjweni, inhlobo ephelele yokukhula efulethini ledolobha elikhulu kakhulu noma endlini yangasese.
Ukubukeka
Ufudu olusemaqeleni lunomumo ophansi, oyindilinga, igobolondo elinsundu ngokunsundu ngobukhona bamabala amnyama ebusweni. I-carapace ihlukaniswe izigaxa eziyishumi nantathu zohlobo lwezimpondo ezinama-grooves, futhi inamaplastron ayishumi nesithupha. Ingxenye eseceleni ye-carapace imelwe ngamahawu angama-25.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukunquma ubudala bofudu lomhlaba wase-Central Asia kulula kakhulu. Njengenani lamasongo waminyaka yonke ekunqunyweni kwesihlahla, ngayinye yezingubo eziyishumi nantathu ze-carapace ine-grooves, inani layo elihambisana nobudala bofudu.
Ubude obumaphakathi bofudu olukhulu akuvamile ukuba budlule ikota yemitha.... Abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi bavame ukuba bakhulu ngokwedlula abesilisa abadala. Imilenze yangaphambili yofudu oluseCentral Asia ibonakala ngokuba khona kweminwe emine. Engxenyeni yesifazane yemilenze yangemuva kunezifo ezinesibindi. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka eyishumi, kanti abesilisa bakulungele ukuzala eminyakeni emine edlule.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Endaweni yabo yemvelo, izimfudu zase-Asia Ephakathi, njengokujwayelekile, zilala kabili ngonyaka - ebusika nasekushiseni kwehlobo. Ngaphambi kokufihla, ufudu luzimbela umgodi, ukujula kwawo kungafinyelela kumamitha amabili. Ekuthunjweni, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinjalo akuvamile ukulala ubusuku bonke.
Izimfudu zisesigabeni sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezihola indlela yokuphila yodwa, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukufuna umphakathi wohlobo lwazo kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana noma phakathi nobusika. Ngokwemvelo, cishe ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli, izimfudu zomhlaba ziphuma ebusika busebenze ngobuningi, ngemuva kwalokho ziqala inqubo yokukhwelana.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ufudu lwase-Asia Ephakathi lungolwezilwane zasekhaya ezithandwa kakhulu ezweni lethu, ezihlala ezimweni zemvelo nezasekhaya cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka. Isici esithile sofudu olunjalo ukulondolozwa kwezinqubo zokukhula okusebenzayo kukho konke ukuphila kwayo. Ngokuya ngemibandela yokuboshwa, izinkinga zempilo zivame ngokweqile.
Indawo yokwabiwa, izindawo zokuhlala
Igama lofudu oluphakathi kwe-Asia luchazwa ngendawo okwabiwa kuyo lesi silwane esihuquzelayo. Inani elikhulu labantu litholakala ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeKazakhstan, kanye naseKyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan naseTajikistan. Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sijwayele ukuhlala esimweni sezulu saseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Iran, e-Afghanistan, eSyria naseLebanon, nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya nasePakistan.
Indawo yokuhlala ufudu waseCentral Asia ubumba nezwe eliwugwadule olunesihlabathi eligcwele umhlonyane, umtamariske noma i-saxaul. Abantu abaningi batholakala ezindaweni ezinamagquma ngisho nasezingeni eliphakeme elingafika kumamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Futhi, kuze kube muva nje, inani elikhulu lofudu abadala nabancane base-Central Asia litholakele ezigodini zemifula nasemasimini ezolimo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Yize kunendawo ebanzi yokusatshalaliswa, inani eliphelele lofudu oluphakathi e-Asia luyehla njalo, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lomhlaba, ngokufanele, lwalufakwa eRed Book.
Ukugcina ufudu lwaseCentral Asia ekhaya
Isici sesimfudu somhlaba, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zase-Asia Ephakathi, ukungathobeki ngokuphelele. Isimo esiyinhloko sokugcinwa okunekhono kwesilwane esihuquzelayo ekuthunjweni ukukhetha okulungile kwekhaya, kanye nokulungiswa kokudla okulungile, okulinganiselayo ngokuphelele.
Ukukhethwa kwe-aquarium, izici
Ekhaya, ufudu lwasemhlabeni kufanele lugcinwe endaweni ekhethekile ye-terrarium noma e-aquarium, ubukhulu bayo obuncane ngama-70x60x20 cm. Kodwa-ke, lapho indawo enkulu esetshenziswayo ye-terrarium noma i-aquarium iba nkulu, isilwane esingavamile sizozizwa kangcono.
Izinto ezingokwemvelo ezimelelwe yifula eyomile kahle nekhwalithi ephezulu, izingcezu zokhuni namatshe amatshe amakhulu kungathathwa njengenhlabathi kadoti. Inketho yokugcina incamela futhi ivumela isirhubuluzi somhlaba ukuthi sigaye izinzipho ngokwemvelo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukugcina ufudu lwasekhaya lube sezingeni lokukhululeka efulethini akwamukelekile, ngenxa yokuba khona kothuli nezinhlaka, okuyingozi kakhulu kwesirhubuluzi esingajwayelekile. Uma ufisa, ungahlomela indawo ekhethekile yofudu egumbini..
Lapho ulungiselela i-terrarium yofudu wase-Asia Ephakathi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola nokubeka kahle isibani se-UV esijwayelekile esine-UVB spectrum light ka-10%. Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kubalulekile kufudu lwasemhlabeni. Ukukhanya okunjalo kuqinisekisa impilo ejwayelekile yesilwane esifuywayo, kukhuthaza ukumuncwa kwe-calcium nevithamini "D3", futhi kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwamarikethi esihlahleni esihuquzelayo esingavamile.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isibani se-ultraviolet kufanele sithengwe kuphela esitolo sezilwane, futhi i-gradient lokushisa lingahluka kusuka ku-22-25 ° C kuye ku-32-35 ° C. Njengomthetho, ufudu ngokuzikhethela luzikhethela umbuso wezinga lokushisa elifanele, elinethezekile kakhulu okwamanje. Ngenhloso yokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-terrarium, kungakuhle ukufaka isibani sendabuko se-incandescent esilinganisweni samandla ebangeni lama-40-60 W. Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa amadivayisi anamuhla njengezintambo ezishisayo noma amatshe okushisa okushisa i-terrarium noma i-aquarium.
Ukunakekelwa nokuhlanzeka
Ufudu lwase-Asia Ephakathi aludingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kudingekile ukuhlanza i-terrarium, kanye nokufaka izinto zokulala ezigugile. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi wenze ukuhlanza okujwayelekile kwe-terrarium noma i-aquarium kabili ngenyanga usebenzisa ama-detergent angenabo ubuthi. Enkambisweni yokuhlanza okunjalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kubulawe amagciwane kuzo zonke izinto ezigcwalisa ukuhlobisa, kanye nabaphakeli nabaphuzayo.
Yini ongondla ngayo ufudu lwakho
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izimfudu zase-Asia Ephakathi zidla izimila zasogwadule eziyindlala ngokwedlulele, amakhabe, izithelo nezithelo zamajikijolo, kanye nezithombo ezikhula iminyaka engapheli.
Ekhaya, izilwane ezihuquzelayo kufanele zinikezwe ukudla okuphezulu kakhulu futhi okuhlukahlukene kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla okuyimvelaphi yezitshalo. Ukondla ufudu lwasemhlabeni, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise cishe noma yikuphi uhlaza, kanye nokhula, olumelwe yi-dandelion, ukhova, ulethisi, utshani neziqongo zesanqante. Lapho uhlanganisa ukudla kwe-reptile, udinga ukugxila kulezi zilinganiso ezilandelayo:
- izitshalo eziluhlaza - cishe ama-80% wokudla okuphelele;
- izitshalo zemifino - cishe i-15% yokudla okuphelele;
- izithelo zezithelo namajikijolo - cishe u-5% wokudla okuphelele.
Akuvunyelwe nakancane ukondla iklabishi kufudu lwasekhaya kanye nokudla kwezilwane... Ukwenza ukudla kwesilwane esihuquzelayo kuphele, kuyadingeka ukufaka ukudla ngezithako ezikhethekile ze-calcium, kufaka phakathi igobolondo le-cuttlefish eligayiwe. Izimfudu ezisencane zidinga ukondliwa nsuku zonke, kuyilapho abantu abadala bevame ukondliwa njalo ngosuku. Izinga lokuphakelayo libalwa ngokuqinile ngakunye, kuya ngezimpawu zeminyaka yokungajwayelekile kwasekhaya.
Ezempilo, izifo nokuvikela
Isilwane sasekhaya sidinga ukuhlinzekwa ngezivivinyo ezihleliwe zokuvimbela udokotela wezilwane onguchwepheshe ekwelapheni izilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye ne-exotic. Umchamo kanye nendle yezimfudu zomhlaba zibonakala ngokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamagciwane. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zomhlaba ziyakwazi ukuhamba ibanga elide, ngakho-ke ingozi yokutheleleka okuvela endle incane kakhulu.
Ekugcinweni kwekhaya, izimfudu zivame ukugula uma kungalandelwa inhlanzeko ye-terrarium noma i-aviary, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka:
- shintsha amanzi okuphuza noma okugeza nsuku zonke;
- hlanza njalo amathangi amanzi;
- qapha ukoma nokuhlanzeka kukadoti.
Eziyinhloko, eziyingozi kakhulu ezihuquzelayo ezifuywayo nezifo ezivamile zingokulandelayo:
- imikhuhlane ehambisana nokuphefumula okungajwayelekile noma okukhandlekile, uketshezi lwamafinyila, ukwenqaba ukudla njalo nokunganaki;
- i-rectal prolapse noma i-prolapse ye-rectum edinga ukubhekwa ngudokotela wezilwane ogxile ezihuquzelayo;
- isifo sohudo esibi esivela ekusetshenzisweni kokudla okungekuhle noma okudala, futhi okuhambisana nokukhululwa kwesikhunta, uketshezi noma indle ebabayo;
- izimuncagazi esiswini noma emathunjini, lapho kuvela khona okungajwayelekile kwesitulo, ukuncipha kwesisindo okubonakalayo nokunganaki okukhulu;
- ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu, okwenzeka lapho isilwane esihuquzelayo sisebenzisa izinto ezingenakudliwa ukudla, kufaka phakathi isihlabathi, kanye nalapho isilwane sinamandla kakhulu;
- ukukhubazeka okubangelwa ukutheleleka okuhlukahlukene, ubuthi noma ukulimala kwesimiso sezinzwa;
- ukudla okunoshevu, okuhambisana nokuhlanza okunzima, ukukhathala nokudiyazela ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.
Ukulimala kwegobolondo ngendlela yokuqhekeka noma ukuphuka kungaba yingozi kakhulu, okuvame ukuvela ngenxa yokuwa noma ukulunywa isilwane. Inqubo yokululama kokungajwayelekile kuleli cala ngqo incike ezingeni lobukhulu bokulimala. Indawo eyonakele yegobolondo kufanele ihlanzwe kahle ngamagciwane futhi ihlukaniswe ngekhwalithi namathonya amabi angaphandle. Amalungiselelo aqukethe inani elikhulu le-calcium angasheshisa ukuphulukiswa.
Okubalulekile! Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuthelelekeni kwesirhubuluzi somhlaba esinegciwane le-herpes, okuvame ukuba imbangela enkulu yokufa.
Ufudu lokuzalela
Ukuze uzalise ngempumelelo ekuthunjweni, kuzodingeka uthenge ama-turtles ase-Central Asia aneminyaka efanayo nesisindo esilinganayo. Owesifazane wehlukile kowesilisa ngesimo somsila. Owesilisa unomsila omude nobanzi ezansi, kanti owesimame wofudu oluphakathi kwe-Asia ubonakala ngokungena okuku-plastron eduze komsila. Abesilisa futhi bahlukile kwabesifazane nge-cloaca etholakala ngasemsileni.
Izimfudu zomhlaba ezihlangana phakathi kukaFebhuwari no-Agasti, ngemuva nje kokuphuma esimweni sabo semvelo sobusika. Isikhathi sokuzala amaqanda ngowesifazane izinyanga ezimbalwa, ngemuva kwalokho isilwane sizalela amaqanda amabili kuye kwayisithupha. Inqubo yokufukamela kwamaqanda ihlala izinyanga ezimbili futhi yenziwa ezingeni lokushisa elingu-28-30 ° C. Izimfudu ezisanda kuzalwa ezisanda kuchanyuselwa emaqandeni zinegobolondo elingaba ngu-2.5 cm ubude.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokufukamela lidala ukuthi inani elikhulu labesilisa lizalwe, kanti abesifazane bavame ukuzalwa endaweni yokushisa okuphezulu.
Ukuthenga ufudu lwaseCentral Asia
Kungcono ukuthenga ufudu lwaseCentral Asia esitolo sezilwane noma enkulisa egxile ezihuquzelayo. Kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukuthenga izilwane ezibanjwe ezimweni zemvelo futhi zilethwe endaweni yezwe lethu ngokungemthetho. Njengomthetho, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinjalo azihlali nokuhlukaniswa okwanele, ngakho-ke, zivame ukuthengiswa ngezinkinga zempilo.
Ubude obukhulu bofudu olukhulu bufinyelela ikota yemitha, kepha ezilwaneni ezifuywayo ezincane ungathenga i-terrarium encane, okufanele ithathelwe indawo indawo yokuhlala enkulu njengoba i-reptile yomhlaba ikhula futhi ikhula. Izindleko ezijwayelekile zomuntu omusha esitolo sezilwane noma enkulisa zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5-2.0. Abantu abasha "abasuka esandleni" bavame ukuthengiswa ngentengo yama-ruble angama-500.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Naphezu kokukhula okubuthakathaka kwamaseli obuchopho, ngenkathi kuhlolwa ubuhlakani, izimfudu zomhlaba zabonisa imiphumela ephakeme impela. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ufudu oluseCentral Asia kulula ukulufunda futhi luyakwazi nokuthola indlela yokuphuma kwi-labyrinth engenzima kangako, futhi luthola nendawo yokushisa nokudla kwalo. Mayelana nalokhu, ufudu lwasemhlabeni ludlula zonke izinyoka nezibankwa ezivivinyiwe kwezobunhloli.
Izimo zokuphila zofudu lwaseCentral Asia zilula kakhulu, ngakho-ke isilwane esinjalo siphelele ngisho nasezinganeni. Isirhubuluzi salolu hlobo sithanda ukugqobhoza emhlabathini, ngakho-ke udinga ukuhlinzeka ngokwanele embhedeni ku-terrarium noma ku-aquarium. I-sand, peat chips noma ama-flakes kakhukhunathi angasetshenziswa njenge-substrate yokulala.
Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, ukusetshenziswa kwesihlabathi somfula esihlanzekile njengombhede akulungile.... Kungcono ukusebenzisa izingxube ezikhethekile zale nhloso, ezimelwe yisihlabathi nge-peat chips noma umhlaba.
Amatshe amaningana amakhulu futhi ayisicaba abukeka njengawangempela ngaphakathi kwe-terrarium, okusiza kakhulu ufudu lwaseCentral Asia ukusika uzipho futhi lungasetshenziswa njengendawo ehlanzekile yokunikeza ukudla. Ukuhambisana nombuso wesondlo kuvumela isilwane esingajwayelekile ukuba siphile amashumi eminyaka ambalwa.
