Incazelo kanye nezimpawu zophiko oluvalelwe
Uphawu Eared Ngokwenza okujwayelekile igama izinhlobo eziningana zama-pinnipeds. Isici sesici esihlukanisa lezi zilwane ezincelisayo nezinye izimpawu ukuthi kukhona izindlebe ezincane.
Umndeni wezimpawu ezinamacici uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-9 zezimvu zamanzi ezinoboya, izinhlobo ezi-4 zezingonyama zasolwandle namabhubesi asolwandle. Ingqikithi ye- umndeni wezimpawu ezinamacici kuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezilwane eziyi-14.
Bonke abamele lezi zinhlobo ezidla inyama. Ukudla kutholakala ngaphansi kwamanzi, lapho kusetshenziswa khona amakhono amahle kakhulu abazingeli. Emhlabathini, izimvu zamanzi ziyaxaka futhi zihamba kancane. Bakhombisa umsebenzi ofanayo ebusuku naphakathi nosuku.
Umbala u-monophonic, ngaphandle kwezici ezihlukile. Uboya obenziwe ngophawu inombala ompunga ngombala onsundu, azikho izimpawu zesici emzimbeni. Uboya bungaba bukhulu futhi buqine, lokhu kujwayelekile kwezimpawu, noma, kunalokho, kunganamathela esikhunjeni, kwakha ikhava eqhubekayo, lesi sici singokwezimpawu.
Zonke izimpawu ezinamacici zikhulu impela. Owesilisa uhlale ephindwe kaningana kunowesifazane. Isisindo somuntu omdala, kuye ngohlobo, singaba kusuka ku-200 kuye ku-1800 kg. Ubude bomzimba bungabuye buhluka kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-400 cm.Umzimba unesimo esihlanganisiwe esinomsila omfushane nentamo ende ende.
Amaphiko angaphambili athuthuka kakhulu, ngosizo lwezilwane zawo zihamba emhlabeni. Imilenze yangemuva ayikhulu futhi iyasebenza, kepha ifakwe uzipho oluqinile. Akukho zinzipho ezingalweni zangaphambili, noma kunalokho, zihlala esigabeni sokuqala.
Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, imilenze yangaphambili idlala indima enkulu, kanti imilenze yangemuva isebenza ukulungisa indlela. Imihlathi yezimpawu iyakhiwa, inani lamazinyo lingu-34-38, kuya ngohlobo lwazo. Uphawu lwengane luzalwa lunamazinyo obisi, kepha ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-3-4 ziyawa bese kukhula izinso eziqinile endaweni yazo.
Indlela yokuphila ye-eared seal nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala yezimpawu ezinamathanga ibanzi impela. Izilwane zalolu hlobo zingatholakala emanzini olwandle olusenyakatho ye-Arctic Ocean. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu, lezi zilwane zihlala olwandle i-Indian ezindaweni ezisogwini eNingizimu Melika nasogwini lwase-Australia.
Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi gcina umhlambi, noma ngesikhathi sokudotshwa kwemikhonto. I-rookery itholakala ogwini endaweni enamadwala. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, bakhetha izindawo ezinokuthula neziqhingi ezivalekile. Izitha zezimpawu ezinamacici emanzini zingoshaka abakhulu nemikhomo ebulalayo. Ezinganeni zalezi zilwane, umhlangano ophethe ingwe edla inyama eyingozi uyingozi.
Kodwa-ke, abantu bahlala bengusongo olukhulu kwizimpawu zomhlaba nasemanzini. Lezi zilwane ziyinto yokuzingelwa, ngemuva kokuhlatshwa, uboya, isikhumba namafutha ziletha inzuzo enkulu kubazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Izimpawu azifuduki, azingeni kude olwandle. Bakhetha indawo esogwini, bazizwa bekhululeke kakhudlwana kuyo. Isizathu kuphela sokushintsha indawo yokuhlala izinhlanzi ezinkulu.
Lapho ibhalansi yemvelo iphazamiseka, izimvu zamanzi kufanele zibheke ezinye izindawo ezinezimo ezifanele zokuhlala. Izimpawu zinomqondo wokuzivikela othuthuke kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi esondelayo, ngisho nezinsikazi ezithembekile kumawundlu zingazishiya bese zigijimela emanzini ngokushesha.
Ukudla okuphakanyisiwe
Okuphakelayo kwezimpawu zamanzi izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, ama-cephalopods. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-crustaceans anezela ekudleni kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Okuhlukile yizimpawu zoboya zase-Antarctic, ezidla kakhulu i-krill.
Abanye abamele lolu hlobo - izingonyama zasolwandle, bangazingela ama-penguin futhi badle namazinyane ezinye izimpawu. Ngenkathi zizingela ngaphansi kwamanzi, izimvu zamanzi zizungeze izikole zezinhlanzi emhlambini futhi zidle inyamazane yazo. Ekuphishekeleni ukudla, zingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela kuma-30 km ngehora.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwesikhathi sokuphila kophawu oluvalelwe
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana, izimvu zamanzi ezifakwe ezinkingeni zingahle zingaphumi ezweni isikhathi eside, kepha zihlala njalo emanzini. Lapho, zikhuluphele futhi zilungele ukushada. Lapho isikhathi sifika, abesilisa baba ngabokuqala ukuphuma emhlabathini bagijimele lapho bezalwa khona. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhululwa, abantu abadliwayo baqala ukulwela indawo yasolwandle ehamba phambili futhi enkulu kunazo zonke.
Ngokuya ngocwaningo, kufakazelwe ukuthi unyaka nonyaka izimpawu zivame ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa eseyivele ijwayelekile. Ngemuva kokwahlukaniswa komhlaba, lapho owesilisa ngamunye ekhipha indawo yakhe, abesifazane baqala ukuvela emhlabathini.
Izimpawu zivame ukuqoqa abesifazane abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni enqotshiwe, imvamisa besebenzisa amandla ukudonsela abesifazane kubo. Lapho kukhethwa abesifazane, izimvu zamanzi ezivalile ziyabhekana nezimbangi zabo.
Kwesinye isikhathi lapho kuliwa nabesifazane, owesifazane uqobo angahlupheka. Ngokuhlukaniswa okunjalo, uphawu lwasolwandle lwamadoda lungaqoqa izinsikazi ezingafika kuma-50 kuleyo nsimu. Ngokumangazayo, iningi labesifazane ababuyisiwe lisakhulelwe ngemuva kwesikhathi sokugcina sokukhwelana. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-250 kuye kwezingu-365. Ngemuva kokubeletha, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-3-4, insikazi iphinde ilungele ukukhwelwa.
Ingane eyakhiwe ngophawu
Ukubeletha kuyashesha, kuvamile, inqubo yemvelo ayithathi ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10-15. Izimpawu ezibekiwe zizala ingane eyodwa ngonyaka. Uphawu oluncane luzalwa lunengubo yoboya emnyama, ecishe ibe mnyama. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2-2.5, ijazi loboya liguqula umbala ube umbala okhanyayo.
Isonto ngemuva kokuzalwa, wonke amawundlu ayahlangana futhi achitha cishe sonke isikhathi ngale ndlela, omama bangondla ngokuphepha futhi bashiye izingane. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokondla, uphawu lwensikazi luthola ingane yalo ngephunga, luyondla ngobisi, bese luphinde lushiye phakathi kwamanye amawundlu. Ngokwesilinganiso, abesifazane bondla izingane izinyanga eziyi-3-4.
Masinyane ngemuva kokukhulelwa, owesilisa akakhombisi intshisekelo enzalweni yowesifazane neyesikhathi esizayo. Amawundlu akhuliswa ngumama kuphela, ubaba akalokothi abambe iqhaza ekukhuleni.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokondla, amantshontsho enti angakwazi ukubhukuda ngokwawo futhi ashiye i-rookery ukuze abuyele lapha ngonyaka ozayo kuphela. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila sezimpawu seminyaka engama-25-30; abesifazane balezi zilwane baphila iminyaka emi-5-6 ubude. Icala lirekhodiwe lapho uphawu lwesilisa olimpunga luphila ekuthunjweni iminyaka engama-41, kepha lesi simo asivamile.
Isikhathi esivamile somzimba sezimpawu sibhekwa njengeminyaka engama-45-50, kepha aziphili kuze kufike kuleyo minyaka ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinto ezihambisanayo: imvelo, izifo ezahlukahlukene nokuba khona kwezinsongo zangaphandle.
