IGyurza ihunyushwe isuselwa ePheresiya njenge- "iron club", "club", "mace". Ubukeka njengeqembu elikhulu impela. Yize, mhlawumbe, igama elithi "iklabhu" - kusuka ekuphonseni okusheshayo okushayisayo kwenyoka, okuyi "ikhadi layo lokushaya". Iyinyoka enobuthi evela emndenini wenyoka. Elinye igama lalo "inyoka eyiLevant".
Kuthiwa le nyoka ayinabuthi nje kuphela, kodwa inobudlova futhi inonya. Ngokuthukuthela okungenamandla, uyakwazi ukuphula ikhanda lakhe uma isikhala sakhe silinganiselwe. Ngokufutheka kobuhlanya, uluma ngisho nesithunzi sakhe. Futhi ngemuva kwabaphula umthetho noma izitha, angahamba ngemuva kwebanga elide. EMpumalanga, wathola isidlaliso "indlovukazi yokufa."
Baphinde basho okunye - uyenqena futhi akanandaba, futhi umzimba wakhe ojiyile, ongaqinile awumlaleli neze. Ukuze ahlasele isisulu, kufanele abuke isisulu isikhathi eside futhi enenkani ekuqamekeleni.
Ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa noma ukususa lezi zindaba, kuyadingeka ukuxwayisa ngalokhu okulandelayo. Izinyoka ezinobuthi, noma ngabe zimnene futhi ziyavilapha, kufanele zihlale zisendaweni yokunakwa okukhethekile. Akunasimo lapho kufanele uziqalele khona, njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Incazelo nezici
Inyoka yeGyurza isilwane esihuquzelayo esinesihlungu esikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union. Ubude bayo, kuya ngocansi, bufinyelela ku-1.3-2 m.Abesifazane bancane, abesilisa bakhulu. Isisindo esingafika ku-3 kg. Ikhanda licwecwe futhi likhulu, lifana nephuzu lomkhonto, ngokushintshela okusobala kuye entanyeni, amehlo anemiqobelo ephezulu avele ngokuqinile ebunzini.
Njengazo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo, unabafundi abame mpo. Phezulu kwekhanda kukhona okungajwayelekile ngesimo sezimbambo ezenziwe ngezikali; eduze kwekhala, kuyashelela. Umbala mpunga ngombala onsundu, kepha ungashintsha ngaphakathi kwendawo enabantu. Kwesinye isikhathi kunezinyoka ezinombala owodwa kuphela, ezinesihlabathi noma nsundu ngokubomvu, kwesinye isikhathi zinomthunzi wombala we-ultramarine.
Kepha imvamisa ihlotshiswe kahle. Ezinhlangothini ezingemuva kunemivimbo yamabala amnyama wokuhlelwa okuguqukayo. Amabala amancane aya ezansi esiswini. Isisu sikhanya, futhi kukhona nezincanyana kuso. Umbala wekhanda ungaba yi-monochromatic noma ngomhlobiso onzima onama-arcs noma amabala.
Umbala wenyoka uncike kakhulu endaweni ehlala kuyo, iyasiza ukuzifihla lapho izingela. Kwenzeka emvelweni futhi igurza emnyama, i-monochromatic, ngaphandle kwamabala ahlukanisiwe ngemuva. Kwesinye isikhathi iyadidaniswa nenye inyoka eyingozi futhi enobuthi ebizwa ngemamba emnyama.
Amazinyo anobuthi amade kakhulu aqondiswa ngokuhambisa, njengensingo yommese ogoqekayo, lapho umlomo uvulekile, azungeza azungeze ukuthatha indawo yokulwa. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane esihuquzelayo siyakwazi ukuhlasela nokubuyela emuva ngejubane lombani.
IGyurza esithombeni ibukeka iminyene futhi ifiphele. Ukubukeka kwakhe kwesinye isikhathi kungadukisa umuntu ongenalwazi ocabanga ukuthi uyephuza futhi unenkinga. Kodwa-ke, akunjalo. Uyingcweti futhi uhlakaniphile, ukhuphuka kahle amahlathi, wenza imibani igxume. Ngokubona ingozi, uyakwazi ukukhasa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izinhlobo
Kunzima ukuhlukanisa ngokuqinile izinhlobo nezinhlanzeko ze-gyurzu. Kungabukeka kwehluke ngokuphelele ngisho nasesifundeni esisodwa. Manje bazama ukukhomba ama-subspecies ayisithupha alo muntu. Kuliqiniso, enye yazo ayichazwanga ngokunembile. ICypriot gyurza, iTranscaucasian, iCentral Asia, iCyroov's gyurza neNurata.
Ama-subspecies akamuva anegama lesiLatini elithi Macrovitera leetina obtusa. Noma kunjalo zingahlukaniswa zibe ama-subspecies ngokwemibandela. Bonke abantu bomndeni wezinyoka bangahlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezihlobene. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezinyoka ziyingozi kakhulu:
- Inyoka evamile ehlala kuwo wonke amahlathi ezwekazi lethu. Ubude bayo bungafika ku-1 m, umbala kusuka kwimpunga ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ube mnyama kakhulu, ucishe ube mnyama. Ngemuva kukhona umhlobiso womugqa omnyama ozindayo.
- Inyoka yenyoka ehlala ogwini lolwandle olumnyama nolweCaspian. Umbala okhanyayo, usayizi omncane.
- Izinyoka zesihlabathi nezinyoka ze-aspis zitholakala ogwini lwaseMedithera. Ayingozi kangako, kodwa futhi anobuthi.
- Inyoka yase-Armenia, etholakala emazweni asempumalanga yeMedithera. Isici saso esihlukile sinezindawo eziyindilinga ezikhanyayo zombala wewolintshi noma weterracotta ngemuva.
- Ezinyokeni zasogwadule, isihlabathi i-epha yiyona edume kakhulu. Kuhlala izingwadule ezisemiNyakatho ne-Afrika naseNingizimu Asia. Sinayo e-Asia Ephakathi. Incane, ifinyelela kuma-60 cm ubude, iselula kakhulu futhi iyashesha. Isikhumba sinesihlabathi, sinemigqa emnyama emide ye-zigzaz egijima ukusuka phezulu kuye ezinhlangothini. Ekhanda kukhona umdwebo ngesimo sesiphambano.
- IDaboya, noma inyoka eboshwe ngamaketanga, indawo yokuhlala eNdiya, e-Indochina, ezifundeni ezisogwini nasezintabeni.
- Inyoka enomsindo ihlala e-Afrika. Umbala unsundu namabala akhanyayo ngemuva. Imivimbo eguqukayo isuka emehlweni iye emathempelini. I-Hisses ngokuzwakalayo ngokucasuka okukhulu.
- Inyoka yaseGabon ihlala e-Afrika. Uyinhle kakhulu yezinyoka. Izingxenye eziseceleni ezingaphezulu zimbozwe ngephethini eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enhle yoonxantathu bombala opinki, onsomi noma onsundu. Maphakathi emuva kunesiqeshana samabala amhlophe futhi akhanyayo aphuzi. Ikhanda liyimpunga.
Cishe zonke ziyingozi enkulu kubantu.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
UGyurza uyaphila enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eNhlonhlweni Yase-Arabia, eNdiya nasePakistan. Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili, itholakala eTranscaucasia, e-Azerbaijan, e-Armenia nase-Asia Ephakathi. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeKazakhstan, le nyoka manje seyivelakancane.
Kwa-Israyeli, yanyamalala kuma-50s wekhulu elidlule leminyaka. Uhlala ezindaweni ezihlukanisiwe gyurza eDagestan... Inani lazo lincane, ngokwesilinganiso ungathola inyoka eyodwa kumahektha ayi-13. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo ukuminyana kuphakeme, izinyoka zivela kaningi, umuntu oyedwa ngehektha elilodwa. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, kungalandwa ama-specimens angama-20 ehektheleni ngalinye emithonjeni yamanzi.
Isizini ngayinye yehlukile ngesibalo. Isibonelo, ngo-Ephreli 2019, inani lenyuka lenyoka labonwa kwezinye izindawo. Baze batholwa ngisho ngaphansi kwezikhwama zezimoto, emigwaqweni, ezindaweni zensimu. Kwamenyezelwa isimo esiphuthumayo, futhi izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zazibandakanyeka ekubambeni. Ngemuva kwenyanga, isimo saba ngcono.
Isirhubuluzi sikhetha izingwadule, izingwadule, ama-steppes namagquma. Imvamisa ifika ezintabeni, ezihosheni ezinemifudlana, emithambekeni yamawa, eduze kwemifula, ngasemiseleni enamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi angatholwa ngisho nasemadolobheni, kulezo zindawo angacasha kuzo, nalapho kukhona ukuzingela okuhle. Uthola amagundane namagundane lapho. Ingakhuphuka umqansa ophakeme impela, kuze kufike ku-2000-2500 m.
Ebusika, zifukamela ubusika bese zicasha. Endaweni ethile entwasahlobo, eduze kukaMashi, lapho umoya ufudumala kuze kufike ku- + 10, avela ezindaweni zokukhosela. Isikhathi esithile zidla eduze nendawo yazo yokuhlala ebusika, zizingela amagundane aseduze, bese zingena ezindaweni zokuhlala ehlobo. Lo muntu uhamba, ngokuya ngokufuduka.
Ekwindla baphinde baqoqane, balala kubantu abaningana, cishe ngo-10-12, yize bengakwazi ukuba bodwa. Balala esifundeni ngasinye ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, kuya ngesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, eTranscaucasia, isikhathi sokulala ubusika sithatha cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba kuya ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari.
Lapho kufika isimo sezulu esishisayo sangoMeyi, inyoka izama ukuhlala eduze nomswakama - iziphethu nemifula. Ngalesi sikhathi, basakazeka ukumboza indawo enkulu yokuzingela. I-Gyurza iyawathanda amanzi, iyageza, ngasikhathi sinye ihlasela izinyoni ezihlala emanzini noma eze ukuzophuza, kanye namaxoxo nezibankwa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Kumenyu ye-gyurza evuthiwe ngokocansi, amagundane ahamba phambili, alandelwa izinyoni nezilwane eziphila ezweni. Ama-pikas, ama-gerbils, amagundane, ama-hamsters, ama-gopher, izibankwa kanye nezinye izinyoka. Ukudla kwayo kungaba umdlalo omkhulu - ngokwesibonelo, unogwaja.
Inani elincane lofudu namaqanda alo likhona ekudleni. Ujwayele ukuzingela emini, kepha ngenkathi eshisayo, umsebenzi uyashintsha. Ehlobo, zizingela ekuseni nakusihlwa, ziqala kusihlwa.
Inyoka iqala ukuzingela ngentshiseko entwasahlobo. Ukhetha izindawo ezahlukahlukene zalokhu. Ingacasha eceleni kwentaba, ikhuphuke esikhotheni, icashe lapho bese ilinda inyamazane - izinyoni noma amatshwele. Ukuqhutshwa kotshwala kanye nezinqola zezinqola zempi kuyizisulu kulokhu kuzingela.
Uthanda ukucasha ezivinini, njengoba kunabantu abaningi abadlulayo nezinye izinyoni ezindiza ziye kumajikijolo amnandi. Izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa zidla izinambuzane nezibankwa ezincane. Kuke kwaba nezimo zokudla abantu phakathi kwalezi zinyoka.
Kwethulwa umthamo obulalayo wobuthi i-gyurza enobuthi akugcini nje ngokukhubaza isisulu, kuqala inqubo yokubhujiswa kwegazi nezinye izicubu, okwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Eqinisweni, ugwinya ukudla okuphekwe uhhafu. Inyoka iyakwazi ukubekezelela isiteleka sendlala, kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi eside, kepha njengoba iphume iyozingela ngempumelelo, idla kuze kufike kumagundane ama-3 ngokulandelana.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
I-Gyurza ese-Asia Ephakathi yinyoka evundile, okuyivelakancane emndenini wezinyoka. Kuzo zonke izindawo zayo zokuhlala, i-viviparous, njengabanye abantu bomndeni. Entwasahlobo, abesilisa baqala ukukhasa baye elangeni, kulandelwe abesifazane ezinsukwini eziyi-6-7. Ngemuva kokufudumala, baqala ukukhwelana.
Izinyoka zizigoqa zibe ngamabhola, kwesinye isikhathi kungacaci nokuthi ngubani "umbhali" wenzalo. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sithatha inyanga eyodwa nohhafu, kuze kufike ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ezinsukwini ezingama-20-25. Ibhande lokuzalela linamaqanda ayi-15-20 anemibungu esevele ithuthuke kakhulu.
Amaqanda awambozwa ngegobolondo ngaphezulu, kepha ngesikhumba esibonakala kancane. Kwesinye isikhathi ngayo ungabona inzalo yesikhathi esizayo ngaphakathi. Ama-clutches afinyelela kumaqanda angama-40-odd abonwa ekuthunjweni eningizimu yeTajikistan.
Isikhathi sokufukamela amasonto ama-3-7. Izinyoka ezincane ezisanda kuzalwa zifinyelela kubude obungu-28 cm.Inqubo yokuchamusela kwenzeka kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Lapho bezalwa, bangaba yisisulu sanoma ngubani, kusuka kubazali babo kuya kwezinye izinyoka, hhayi ngisho nobuthi - isibonelo, izinyoka eziphuzi. I-gyurza evuthiwe ngokocansi ayinazo izitha emvelweni.
Vele, ingahlaselwa yimfezi enkulu noma isibankwa sokuqapha esimpunga, zingabukwa yimpisi, ikati lasehlathini nembungulu. Umoni wabo kuphela ongahlushwa ukulunywa yi-gurza. Isitha sangempela sale nyoka yokhozi lwenyoka. IGyurza yisibiliboco sakhe asithandayo. Bangaphila kwizilwane eziphilayo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10. Esikhathini se-serpentarium, isikhathi sabo sokuphila side kakhulu - iminyaka engu-17, kwakukhona amacala, baphila iminyaka engama-20.
Okufanele ukwenze uma ulunywa yi-gyurza
IGyurza ingenye yezinyoka eziyingozi kakhulu ezifuywayo nakubantu. Uyakwazi ukwenza ukuphonsa okusheshayo kombani emzimbeni wakhe maqondana nesitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akenzi ikhwela, akenzi ukunyakaza kwesiko, kepha uhlasela ngaphandle kwesixwayiso uma ecabanga ukuthi wephule insimu yakhe.
Ngisho nomdobi oqeqeshiwe angaba yisisulu salo. Kunzima ukuyibamba, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuyigcina. Umzimba oqinile nonemisipha uyagobhoza ezingalweni, okwenza ukunyakaza okungazelelwe. Udinga amakhono akhethekile nesipiliyoni ukuze ubambe i-gurza. Ngakho-ke, ama-gyurzu catchers abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wababamba izinyoka.
Lapho ekulungele ukuluma umuntu, khona-ke, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ucwilisa amazinyo ngawo wonke amandla akhe, ngenkathi kwesinye isikhathi ehlaba umhlathi wakhe ongezansi. Ngalo mqondo, yena, njengezinyoka zonke, unezinsiza zomhlathi eziphelele. Ukuluma imfezi, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqala "uhambise" imihlathi, uyihambise kancane. Kwesinye isikhathi uyazilimaza.
Ukuluma kwe-Gyurza kaningi kuyabulala. Ngaphandle kosizo olufika ngesikhathi, umuntu uyafa. Isimo sinzima isimo sezulu esifudumele; lapho kushisa, ubuthi busakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu emzimbeni wonke. Uma ulunywa yi-gyurza, akunasimo lapho okufanele uzenzele khona imithi. Lo shevu awunakususwa emzimbeni ngaphandle kosizo lokulungiselela i-antitoxic serum. I-serum uqobo yenziwe ngalobu shevu, futhi ibizwa nge- "Antihyurzin".
Ubuthi beGyurza okuyingozi kakhulu kubantu. Ubuthi bemfezi kuphela obunamandla kunabo ngemiphumela enobuthi. I-Gyurza kanyekanye ifaka inani elikhulu, kuze kufike ku-50 mg kabuthi. Iqukethe ama-enzyme aqeda ngokushesha igazi, aqhekeze imithambo yegazi emincane.
Igazi liqala ukujiya. Konke lokhu kuhambisana nobuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, umkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, lo shevu ubaluleke kakhulu kwezokwelapha. Ngokwesisekelo se-ego, izidakamizwa zenzelwe ukucindezela, ukudambisa izinhlungu, ukulwa nesifuba somoya, amafutha e-sciatica, i-neuralgia, i-polyarthritis, izidakamizwa zokuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwe-hemophilia, ezinye izicubu ezimbi nochoko.
Ukubamba izinyoka ibhizinisi eliyingozi kakhulu, kodwa kunenzuzo enkulu. Ngokubanjwa okungalawuleki kwalenyoka, nokuphazamisa indawo yayo yemvelo, umuntu usinciphise kakhulu isibalo sabantu, kufaka neRussia. Ngakho-ke, i-gyurza yafakwa kwiRed Data Books yaseKazakhstan, eDagestan nakuhlobo olusha lweRed Data Book of the Russian Federation.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Inyoka ichitha amahlandla amathathu onyakeni wonke. Okokuqala, ugcoba ikhanda lakhe ezindaweni eziqinile - amatshe, amagatsha, umhlaba owomile, kuze kube yilapho isikhumba siqhekeka. Bese kukhasa esikhaleni esincane phakathi kwamatshe, izimpande zezihlahla. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhumba siyaxebuka njengesitokisi. Isikhathi esithile ucasha endaweni ethile, bese ebuyela emvelweni.
- Ukuncelisa umlomo kuvame ukuqondana nehlobo elomile. Uma ingekho imvula, inyoka “imanzisa” isikhathi eside emazolweni noma icwilise emanzini ukuze ithambe isikhumba. Bese ihlukanisa kalula emzimbeni.
- Izinyoka ezincane zizalwa sezivele zinobuthi. Kuyiqiniso, badinga isikhathi esithile sokuzijwayeza ukwenza ukuluma okulungile.
- Izindaba eziningi ezimayelana nolaka olungashukunyiswa nolaka lwe-gyurza kuvame ukuba nehaba, noma izinto ebezifundwa zaphazamiseka kakhulu ngaphambi kwalokhu. Inyoka ayihlaseli ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo.
- Ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, e-Uzbekistan naseTurkmenistan, kwakukhona izindawo ezikhiqiza izinyoka ezikhethekile lapho kwakutshalwa khona igyurza ukuze ithole ubuthi kuyo. Babegcinwa lapho ngamanani amakhulu. Lezi zinyoka ziqinile. Bahlala ekuthunjweni isikhathi eside futhi banikeza ubuthi obuningi.
- Umbhali waseRussia ophawulekayo uLazar Karelin wabhala inoveli ethi "The Serpents" ngo-1982. Leli qhawe, selibhekane nezinxushunxushu zempilo, laya e-Asia Ephakathi ngokukhethekile ukuyobamba i-gyurza, ngoba kwakuyibhizinisi elinenzuzo kakhulu futhi elihloniphekile. Isibonelo somlingiswa ngesandla esisodwa sithathe ngaphezulu kwezinyoka ezingama-50 ezinobuthi.
- E-Azerbaijan, esinye sezitsha esimnandi kakhulu, esikhumbuza amadombolo ethu, sibizwa nge- "gyurza" ngenxa yephethini enhlama.
- Esinye sezigaba zamabutho akhethekile aseRussia yikhodi ebizwa ngegama elithi "Gyurza". Ukushesha, ukukhuthazela, ubuhlakani, ukuma okuhle kakhulu esikhaleni, ukushaya okushayayo - lezi yizimfanelo zale nyoka ezazenzelwe lapho kukhethwa igama.
- Isibhamu sikaSerdyukov esizilayisha ngokwakho, esenzelwe amaqembu akhethekile, naso sinegama elisabisayo elithi "Gyurza". Kungenzeka ukuthi amandla nesivinini salesi silwanyana esinwabuzelayo, naso uqobo esiyisikhali esibulalayo, sikhuthaze inhlonipho nesifiso sokusebenzisa igama laso ukwesabisa isitha.
