Uphawu lwengwe lubhekwa njengesinye sezilwane zasolwandle eziyingozi kakhulu. Lolu phawu olukhulu, oluhlala olwandle olusenyakatho, lubizwa ngesimo salo esidla inyama nangenxa yombala onamabala esikhumba salo. Njengengwe yomhlaba, lesi silwane siyathanda ukuqamekela isisulu saso, bese sigadla ngokungalindelekile kuphengwini noma uphawu olungalindelekile. Uphawu lwengwe lunesibindi futhi alwesabi.
Incazelo yophawu lwengwe
Ulwandle lwezingwe luyisilwane esincelisayo esidlayo somndeni wezimpawu zangempela. Kanye nomkhomo obulalayo, kubhekwa ngokufanele njengesinye sezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu nezesabekayo e-Antarctica.
Ukubukeka
Lesi yisilwane esikhulu, ubukhulu baso, ngokuya ngobulili, singafinyelela kumamitha ayi-3-4. Uphawu lwengwe lubuye lube nesisindo esiningi - kufika ku-500 kg. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, akukho nelilodwa ithonsi lamafutha emzimbeni walo omkhulu ohlanjululwe, futhi maqondana nokuguquguquka nokuhamba, zimbalwa ezinye izimpawu ezingalingana nazo.
Ikhanda lophawu lwengwe lubukeka lungavamile esilwaneni esincelisayo. Kuphakanyiswe kancane kuphela futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kucabalele phezulu, kusikhumbuza kakhulu ngokuma kwekhanda lenyoka noma ufudu. Yebo, futhi nomzimba omude futhi oguquguqukayo wenza lesi silwane buqamama ngaphandle sifane nodrako othile omuhle noma, mhlawumbe, isibankwa sasendulo esihlala ekujuleni kolwandle.
Uphawu lwengwe lunomlomo ojulile futhi onamandla, uhlezi ngemigqa emibili yama-canines abukhali, ngamunye ongafinyelela kubude obungu-2,5 cm.Ngaphezu kwama-canines, lesi silwane sinamazinyo ayi-16 anesakhiwo esikhethekile, esingahlunga ngaso amanzi hlunga i-krill.
Amehlo wesidlakela asezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, amnyama futhi acishe angaxhumeki. Ukuzimisela nokuzola kubonakala emehlweni akhe.
Uphawu lwengwe alunawo ama-auricles abonakalayo, kodwa luzwa kahle kakhulu.
Amapulangwe angaphambili futhi aqinile, ngosizo lwawo isilwane sihamba kalula hhayi ngaphansi kwamanzi kuphela, kodwa nasemhlabeni. Kepha izitho zakhe zangemuva ziyancipha futhi ngaphandle zifana ne-caudal fin.
Ijazi lalesi silwane liminyene kakhulu futhi lifushane, ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zezingwe ziyakwazi ukufudumala futhi zingabi yiqhwa ngenkathi zitshuza emanzini aneqhwa e-Antarctica.
Umbala wesilwane esidala uqhathaniseka impela: ingxenye emnyama yomzimba empunga noma emnyama, enamabala amancane amhlophe, ezinhlangothini zesilwane iphenduka ibe mpunga okhanyayo, lapho kukhona namabala amancane, kepha isivele inombala ompunga omnyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ovalweni lwengwe, isifuba sikhulu ngobude kangangokuba sithatha cishe uhhafu womzimba wesilwane.
Ukuziphatha, indlela yokuphila
Izimpawu zezingwe zivame ukuba zodwa. Yizilwane ezincane kuphela kwesinye isikhathi ezingakha imihlambi emincane.
Ngenxa yokuhleleka komzimba wayo omude, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini sangaphansi kwamanzi sifike ku-40 km / h bese sicwila ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-300. Angakwazi futhi ukweqa kalula emanzini afike ebangeni elifinyelela kumamitha amabili, avamise ukukwenza lapho ephonswa eqhweni ukuze akwazi ukulandela inyamazane.
Lezi zilwane zikhetha ukuphumula zodwa ku-ice floe, lapho zibheka khona ezungeze indawo zifuna isisulu esizayo. Futhi lapho nje belamba, bashiya i-rookery yabo bese beyozingela futhi.
Njengezinye izilwane eziningi, izimpawu zengwe zikhetha ukungasondeli kubantu. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, ekhombisa ilukuluku, futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, noma ulaka, uya ezikebheni aze azame nokuzihlasela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi zonke izehlakalo ezingavamile zezimpawu zezingwe ezihlasela abantu noma izikebhe bezihlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi umhlaseli obalekela inyamazane engaphansi kwamanzi akakwazi ukuphatha ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubona okungahle kube yisisulu, kepha uphendula ekunyakazeni kwesisulu esingaba yisisulu.
Kodwa-ke, abanye abacwaningi bathi ungaze wenze ubungane nezimpawu zezingwe. Ngakho-ke, omunye wososayensi, owanquma ukuthatha izithombe ezimbalwa zangaphansi kwamanzi zalezi zilwane ezidliwayo, kwaba yinto eyayinakwa ngobungane ngophawu lwengwe lwabesifazane, olwehlisa ngisho nokuzama ukumphathisa iphengwini ayesanda kulibamba.
Kepha abantu abathatha isinqumo sokwazi lezi zilwane kangcono kusadingeka ukuthi baqaphele, ngoba akekho ongazi ukuthi yini esemqondweni walesi silwane esiyingozi futhi esingalindelekile.
Ngokuvamile, uphawu lwengwe, uma lungalambi, alulona usongo nakulezo zilwane ezivame ukuzizingela. Ngakho-ke, kwakukhona amacala lapho umhlaseli "edlala" ngamaphengwini ngendlela efanayo namakati enza namagundane. Wayengeke ahlasele izinyoni ngaleso sikhathi futhi, ngokusobala, wayemane ecija amakhono akhe okuzingela ngale ndlela.
Ziphila isikhathi eside kangakanani izingwe zezingwe?
Isikhathi sokuphila sezimpawu zezingwe cishe siyiminyaka engama-26.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Kulezi zilwane, abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu futhi bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa. Isisindo sabo singafinyelela kuma-500 kg kanti ubude bomzimba wabo ngamamitha ama-4. Kwabesilisa, noma kunjalo, ukukhula akuvamile ukudlula amamitha ama-3, nesisindo - 270 kg. Umbala nomthethosisekelo wabantu bobulili obuhlukile kucishe kufane, ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukunquma ubulili babantu abasha, hhayi abantu abakhule ngokugcwele.
Indawo yokuhlala
Uphawu lwengwe luhlala kuwo wonke umkhawulo weqhwa lase-Antarctica. Izilwane ezisencane zingabhukuda zihlukanise iziqhingi ezihlakazeke emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, lapho zingatholakala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Izilwane ezizingelayo zizama ukuhlala ngasogwini futhi azibhukudi ziye olwandle oluvulekile, ngaphandle uma kuyisikhathi sokufuduka, lapho zihlanganisa amabanga amade olwandle.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuqala kwenkathi ebandayo, izimpawu zezingwe zishiya izindawo zazo ezijwayelekile bese ziya enyakatho - emanzini afudumele ageza ogwini lwase-Australia, eNew Zealand, ePatagonia naseTierra del Fuego. Ngisho nase-Easter Island, kutholakala iminonjana yokuba khona kwalesi silwane.
Ngokufika kwemfudumalo, izilwane zihlehlela emuva - eduze nogu lwase-Antarctica, lapho kuhlala khona izindawo ezizithandayo futhi lapho kunezimpawu zamanzi eziningi khona kanye namaphengwini ezikhetha ukuzidla.
Ukudla kophawu lwengwe
Uphawu lwengwe lubhekwa njengesilwane esinolunya kunazo zonke e-Antarctic latitudes. Noma kunjalo, ngokungafani nenkolelo evamile, ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwayo akuzona izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, kodwa i-krill. Amaphesenti alo uma eqhathaniswa nokunye “ukudla” kumenyu yengwe cishe angama-45%.
Ingxenye yesibili, engabalulekanga kangako ekudleni yinyama evela kuzimpawu ezincane zezinye izinhlobo, njengezimpawu ze-crabeater, izimvu zamakhanda nezimpawu ze-Weddell. Isabelo senyama yemvu kwimenyu yesilwane esiseduze cishe ngama-35%.
Izinyoni, kufaka phakathi ama-penguin, kanye nezinhlanzi nama-cephalopods ngalinye lakha cishe i-10% yokudla.
Uphawu lwengwe aluyideleli inzuzo ngokufa kwezidumbu, ngokwesibonelo, ludla ngokuzithandela inyama yemikhomo efile, kunjalo, uma lunikezwa ithuba.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ososayensi baqaphele isici esingajwayelekile salezi zilwane: iningi lezimpawu zengwe zizingela ama-penguin ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha phakathi kwabantu balezi zinhlobo kukhona nalabo abathanda ukondla inyama yalezi zinyoni.
Ngasikhathi sinye, bekungenakwenzeka ukuthola izincazelo ezinengqondo ngokuziphatha okungajwayelekile okunje. Cishe, ukukhethwa kwesabelo esivelele sophawu lwenyama noma inyoni ekudleni kwezimpawu zezingwe kuchazwa yimibono yangasese yalezi gourmets ezinamabala.
Izingwe zezingwe zibuka inyamazane yazo emanzini, ngemuva kwalokho zihlasela futhi zibulale endaweni efanayo. Uma kwenzeka eduze kogu lolwandle, isisulu singazama ukweqa kumzingeli ngokuziphonsa eqhweni. Kodwa noma kunjalo, akaphumeleli njalo ekuphunyukeni: evutha ukuzingela, ingwe yakhe uphawu nayo igxuma iphume emanzini futhi ilandele inyamazane yayo isikhathi eside impela, ihamba eqhweni ngosizo lwangaphambili lwayo oluqinile nolwanele ..
Izimpawu zezingwe zivame ukuzingela ama-penguin, zibalele eduze nogu ngaphansi kwamanzi ngokuqamekela. Lapho nje inyoni engaqaphile isondela ogwini, lesi silwane siyaziphonsa emanzini bese siyibamba ngobunyoninco ngomlomo waso onamazinyo.
Uphawu lwengwe bese luqala ukudla isisulu salo. Ephethe isidumbu sale nyoni ngomlomo wakhe onamandla, uqala ukuyishaya ngamandla ebusweni bamanzi ukuze ahlukanise inyama nesikhumba, okuyinto, empeleni, edingwa ngumzingeli, ngoba kuma-penguin unentshisekelo ikakhulu emafutheni abo angaphansi kwesikhumba.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwezimpawu zezingwe sivela ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi, azenzi amakoloni anomsindo, njengezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu, kepha, lapho sezikhethe umlingani, zishade naye ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuJanuwari, kolunye lweqhwa elikhukhulayo, insikazi izala izinyane elilodwa elikhulu kakhulu, isisindo salo cishe esilinganiselwa ku-30 kg, kanti ubude bomzimba wosana olusanda kuzalwa cishe lungamamitha ayi-1.5.
Ngaphambi kokubeletha, insikazi imba umgodi omncane oyindilinga eqhweni, oba isidleke sezinyane layo.
Emavikini amane okuqala ephila, ingwe encane incela ubisi lukanina. Kamuva, owesifazane uqala ukumfundisa ukubhukuda nokuzingela.
Insikazi iyalinakekela ithole futhi ilivikele ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwalokhu, isilinganiso sokufa phakathi kwezimpawu zezingwe zezinsizwa cishe zingama-25%.
Ithole lihlala nomama kuze kube yisikhathi esilandelayo sokukhwelana, ngemuva kwalokho umama uyamshiya. Ngalesi sikhathi, uphawu lwengwe selivele luyakwazi ukuzinakekela ngokwalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izingwe zezingwe zengane zidla i-krill lapho ziqala ukuzingela. Kepha ngenkathi kwenziwa ucwaningo, kuvele ukuthi akunjalo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isikhathi esilinganisiwe esingasetshenziswa yicub ngaphansi kwamanzi yimizuzu engu-7, futhi ngalesi sikhathi ngeke sibe nesikhathi sokufinyelela izingqimba zamanzi ezijulile, lapho i-krill ihlala khona ebusika.
Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa uhlala esondelene nowesifazane, kepha akabambi qhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo yakhe, akazami nokuvikela uma kunengozi, uma umama ngasizathu simbe engakwazi ukuzenzela yena.
Izimpawu zeNgwe zivuthwa sekwedlule isikhathi: zikhula zivuthwa ngokocansi zineminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo
Uphawu lwengwe cishe alunazitha zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, akayena umondli omkhulu, ngoba abamele lolu hlobo bangazingelwa yimikhomo ebulalayo noshaka abakhulu abamhlophe, yize kungenjalo, kepha bebhukuda emanzini abandayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Njengamanje, inani lezimpawu zezingwe cishe liyizinkulungwane ezingama-400 zezilwane. Lolu uhlobo lwesithathu olukhulu lwezimpawu zase-Arctic futhi ngokusobala azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Kungakho izimpawu zezingwe zibekwe njengeNkathazo eNcane.
Uphawu lwengwe luyisilwane esinamandla futhi esiyingozi. Esinye sezimpawu ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, lesi silwane sihlala emanzini abandayo asendaweni engaphansi komhlaba, lapho sidla khona ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezinegazi elifudumele ezihlala esifundeni esifanayo. Impilo yalesi silwanyana esidliwayo ayixhomeki kakhulu enanini lezisulu zalo ezijwayelekile, kodwa futhi nasekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Futhi yize kungekho lutho olusongela inhlala-kahle yengwe okwamanje, ukufudumala okuncane kakhulu e-Antarctica nokuncibilika kweqhwa okulandelayo kungahle kungabi namphumela omuhle kakhulu kubantu baso futhi kubeke engcupheni nokuba khona kwalesi silwane esimangalisayo.
