Incazelo nezici
Ngokhuni isilwane koala kubhekwe ukwenziwa samuntu kwezwekazi lonke - i-Australia, etholakala kuphela kuleli zwekazi futhi ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nalo. Inezici ezithakazelisa kakhulu zokubukeka nokuziphatha. Lesi yisidalwa esiphakathi nendawo, esinyene cishe esingu-70 cm ubude, ngokubukeka okufana nebhere elincane.
Isisindo samadoda ahlaba umxhwele ngokuvamile asidluli ku-14 kg, kepha abanye besifazane kuvela ukuthi bancane kakhulu futhi banesisindo esingu-5 kg kuphela. Njengama-endemic amaningi ezwekazi lawo, ama-koala yizilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-marsupial, okungukuthi, anesikhwama esikhethekile sesikhumba esiswini sawo, lapho omama begqoka khona amawundlu abo.
Umzimba wezilwane ezinjalo umbozwe ngoboya obuthambile obuthambile, ubude bezinwele obucishe bube ngu-2 cm noma ngaphezulu. Umthunzi wayo ungahluka kakhulu futhi kuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ngemuva, kuhlale kumnyama: okubomvu, okubomvu noma okumpunga. Kepha isisu sivame ukukhanya ngombala.
AmaKoala ahlukaniswa ngomlomo oyisicaba, ikhanda elikhulu, amehlo amancane nezindlebe ezihambayo, ezi-shaggy, nezindilinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banomsila ongabonakali ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obungabalulekile.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokubukeka, esizuzwe yilezi zilwane zezihlahla emvelweni, yizidladla zazo ezihambayo ezinamazipho anamandla, aqinile, azivumela ukuba zikhuphuke ngobuciko ezihlahleni. Imilenze eqine ithuthukiswa kuma-koala kusukela ebuncaneni, lapho amawundlu, ebambelele emhlane kanina, angalahleki, ngaleyo ndlela alandele indlela yokuhamba, isiyonke naye.
Ukwakheka kweminwe yomibili yomkhawulo kuphawuleka ngokweqile. Ngaphambili ifakwe ipheya leminwe yokubamba, ehlukaniswe neminye etholakalayo.
Izinzwani ezine kuphela emilenzeni yangemuva zinikezwe uzipho, ngokungafani nolukhulu, olungenayo ichopho elibukhali kangako. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, njengeminwe yomuntu, yonke iminwe ye-koala imakwe ngamaphethini womcamelo ngamanye - amaphrinta.
Manje koala e-australia kubhekwe ukuziqhenya nolunye lwezimpawu zalo. Kepha ngiyakhumbula nezinye izikhathi lapho izifiki zaseYurophu zazizinze kuleli zwekazi. Babe sebekhangwa ngokwedlulele ngobuhle obungavamile boya bezidalwa ezinjalo. Futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, inani lezilwane, ezazizingelwa ngonya, labhujiswa kakhulu futhi zaphoqeleka ukuba ziphume ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala.
Namuhla, lezi zilwane zitholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu nasempumalanga yezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kososayensi, inzalo yanamuhla yalaba bameleli bezilwane zaleli zwekazi yehlise kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nokhokho babo.
Umthamo wezingqondo zabo nawo wehlile, okwaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu ekuhlakanipheni kwabo, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nasemakhonweni abo emvelo okuzivikela. Isibonelo, ama-koala amanje, ajwayele ukufuna insindiso kunoma iyiphi inkathazo ezihlahleni, ngesikhathi samahora okuqubuka komlilo, awazi nokuthi kuhlakaniphe kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ukwehla kuzo bese uqala ukugijima. Ngokubona umlilo, bathuthumela kuphela futhi banamathela eziqwini zezihlahla zikagamthilini, phakathi kwazo okukhona ama-koala ahlala, ngasizathu simbe befuna insindiso kuzo.
Izinhlobo
Isikhathi sokuphila sama-koala eMhlabeni njengomndeni wamabhere asendulo ama-marsupial, ngokusho kososayensi, kulinganiselwa eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-30. Kepha kulezo zikhathi ezikude ezicwile ehlobo, abamele bayo babukeka behlukile.
Futhi eziningi zazo zingaziqhayisa ngosayizi owedlula ubukhulu bezilwane zesimanje ezivela kulo mndeni ngezikhathi ezimbalwa. Konke lokhu kufakazelwa izinsalela zalezi zidalwa. Kutholakale ikakhulukazi okuningi okunjalo ezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-Australia.
Futhi, okuningi kwalolu hlobo lwensalela lwatholakala eQueensland, esinye sezifundazwe zaleli zwekazi. AmaKoala ahlala kule ngxenye yomhlaba: awadluli ku-9 kg ngesisindo futhi anombala ompunga. Kepha esifundazweni saseVictoria, izilwane zanamuhla zalolu hlobo zitholakala zinkulu. Futhi banoboya obunemibala eshokoledi ikakhulu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphandle kobukhulu balezi zilwane ezihlala endaweni ethile, abesilisa bahluka kakhulu ngosayizi kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi, cishe bade ubude besisindo somzimba nobukhulu.
I-koala ngesimo elikhona ngayo emhlabeni manje yavela ezigidini eziyi-15 nje kuphela ezidlule. Ithathwa njengesihlobo se-wombat. Lo futhi ungumhlali wasendulo wase-Australia, isilwane, okufana no-koala ngezindlela eziningi. Ngendlela yayo yesimanjemanje, ibuye ifane nebhere elincane, yize liselikhulu ngaphezudlwana kwalesi silwane esichaziwe.
Namuhla, i-koala ibhekwa njengoyedwa omele umndeni wama-koala futhi ingeyohlobo lwegama elifanayo, elibizwa ngenye indlela: ibhere le-marsupial. Yize kungokwezinto eziphilayo nangokofuzo, izilwane ezinjalo azihlobene nakancane namabhere. UKoala uboniswe esithombeni ikhombisa ngokuphelele zonke izici zangaphandle ezihlekisayo nezinhle kakhulu zalezi zilwane.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Laba abahlala emahlathini kagamthilini. Phakathi kwezihlahlana zezihlahla ezinjalo, ezihamba ngeziqu zazo, amagatsha nemiqhele, izidalwa ezinjalo zichitha zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwazo, kusukela kowokuqala kuya kowokugcina. Phansi, ama-koala nawo ayakwazi ukuhamba, yize kungenjalo kahle. Ziya phansi, uma nje kunesifiso sokuthuthela kwesinye isihlahla ngendlela efanayo.
Emini, lezi zilwane zivame ukuphumula, ngakho-ke ngalesi sikhathi sosuku ungabuka kuphela phakathi kwamagatsha e-eucalyptus ukulala koala... Kepha noma ngezikhathi zokuvuka, azisebenzi kakhulu. Lezi zidalwa ziyavilapha kakhulu, kukholelwa ukuthi zichitha amahora angafika kwamashumi amabili ngosuku zinganyakazi.
Ukuphela kwento abayaziyo ukuthi bangayenza kanjani ngobuciko, ngokushesha nangobungcweti ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni, ukugxuma ngobuciko besuka kwelinye igatsha baye kwelinye. Eziqongweni zezihlahla zikagamthilini, ngokuvamile zibalekela abantu abangabafuni. Futhi, lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukubhukuda kahle.
AmaKoala awazizwa enesifiso esikhulu sokuxhumana nohlobo lwawo. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yizikhathi zokuzalela, lapho bephoqeleka ukuthi bafune umlingani lapho kubizwa khona imvelo. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kunomehluko othile ekuziphatheni kobulili obuhlukile.
Abesifazane bakhetha ukuhlala endaweni ethile kuphela, imvamisa ngaphandle kokushiya izindawo zabo ezikhethwe ngaphambilini. Lapho bakhona ngokuthula, bengasabeli ngokuqinile kulokho okwenzeka eduze kwabo, bematasa kuphela ngokulala isikhathi eside nokunakekela ukugcwalisa isisu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abesilisa abaxhumene kakhulu nezindawo zabo. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukunxanela ukuvakasha okuseduze kuyavuka kuzo. Futhi lapho behlangana, abazizwa nje kuphela injabulo enkulu, kepha futhi bayakwazi ukuqala ukulwa. Ukukhonjiswa okunjalo kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi semidlalo yokukhwelana. Futhi ngesikhathi esinjalo sabahlukumezi, lezi zimpi zingaba ngaphezu kokungabi nabungozi.
Kepha kubantu izidalwa ezinjalo azilethi ingozi, ngakho-ke zigcinwa ngaphandle kokuqapha okukhethekile kwamanye ama-zoo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kwabavakashi koala – ibhere ngosayizi omncane, isilwane esinokubukeka okuhle okuhlekisayo, okuheha kakhulu ukunakwa kwabo. Ukugcina abahlali abanjalo emakhejini cishe kungadingekile ngenxa yokushoda kokulangazelela kwemvelo kokuhamba okusebenzayo.
Kunecala elaziwayo lapho ibhere le-marsupial eligama linguMundu lizama ukweqa e-zoo eSan Diego, kepha aliphumelelanga ekufuneni kwakhe inkululeko. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-koala, ilwela izwe elingaziwa, yalala endleleni. Ngakho-ke, lo ozibandakanyayo akazange abangele inkathazo engafanele kubasebenzi be-zoo.
Kuyiqiniso, ukugcina izilwane ezinjalo ekuthunjweni kusenezinhlangothi zalo ezingathandeki, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ngenxa yezici zomsoco wazo, okuzoxoxwa ngazo kamuva.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izilwane ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukudla cishe isitshalo esisodwa kuphela emhlabeni - u-eucalyptus. Adla amahlumela awo namaqabunga. Kepha lo mmeli wezimbali aqukethe amaprotheni anele ekubunjweni kwawo, kepha ngokweqile kugcwele izinto eziyingozi, ezinobuthi nezinto.
Futhi kunezinto eziningi zokugcina ukuthi umthamo wazo uyakwazi ukweqa okuvunyelwe, okuholele ekufeni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ekudleni okunjalo ngeke neze zibe nethuba lokusinda. Kepha kanjani, ngokudla okunjalo, ama-koala awafakwa ubuthi?
Imfihlo ukuthi bakhetha kuphela izinhlobo ezithile zikagamthilini abawuthandayo njengokudla. Futhi lokhu akuyona indaba elula. Ukuhlukanisa isitshalo esinoshevu kwezinye, ama-koala asizwa umuzwa wawo othuthuke kakhulu wephunga.
Ngalesi sizathu, ziqukethe ikhaya koala, noma ngabe kunesimo sokuhlala ngokuthula kwalesi silwane nokubukeka okuhle kakhulu, kunzima impela. Ezinhlotsheni ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili zikagamthilini, ziyakwazi ukuzondla ngaphandle kokulimaza umzimba wazo ngaphansi kwengxenye yesithupha yazo.
Futhi ekuthunjweni, lokhu kukhetha kuncishiswe kakhulu. Abanikazi, njengabantu, abanazo izinzwa nolwazi oluthuthukise ngokwanele ukuze banikeze izilwane zabo ukudla okwanele. Ngakho-ke, ama-koala, aphoqwa yindlala ukuba adle noma yini ayitholayo, ngokuvamile afakwa ubuthi aze afe.
Ukuhamba kancane kwalezi zilwane nakho kufanele kuchazwe ngokukhethekile kokudla okunempilo. Njengoba sekushiwo, ukudla kwabo akuqukethe amaprotheni anele. Ngakho-ke, imetabolism ehamba kancane ngenxa yenani eliphansi lokudla okunempilo kokudla okudliwayo.
Ngosuku, lesi silwane sidinga cishe ikhilogremu lamaqabunga e-eucalyptus, esiwaphihliza ngokucophelela ngamazinyo aso, kuzo zonke izici eziguqulelwe lolu hlobo lokudla. Umswakama odingekayo emzimbeni we-koala nawo utholakala esitshalweni asithandayo, kanye namazolo akhiwa kuso.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Kuvuthwe ngokuphelele ngokuzala koala imvamisa ngeminyaka emithathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abesifazane, ngokusho kwazo zonke izici, bakhiwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunabesilisa. Kepha ukukhwelwa okuphelele okuphelele kwezilwane ezinjalo kuvame ukwenzeka kuphela lapho kuneminyaka emine.
Njengoba sekuvele kwaziwa, lezi zidalwa azinakho ukuxhumana okusondelene komunye nomunye ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, lapho isikhathi sokuzalisa sisondela (lokhu kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka), abesilisa baqala le nqubo ngokushaya izingcingo.
Le misindo, ehanjiswa kude ngaphesheya komakhelwane, ayihloselwe kuphela ukusebenza njengezimpawu zokuheha abesifazane abahlala komakhelwane. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kukhala kungabethusa abanye abafakizicelo.
Uma ucansi luphumelela, ukukhulelwa kuyenzeka, futhi omama be-koala bathwala amawundlu abo okwesikhashana, kuphela izinsuku ezingama-35. Abesifazane balezi zidalwa abakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi bazala kakhulu. Ngokuvamile inzalo iqukethe ibhere elilodwa elisanda kuzalwa le-marsupial. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, amawele angazalwa.
Isici sezilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-marsupial, njengoba wazi, ukuzalwa kwamazinyane angathuthuki kahle, lapho-ke afakwa ngabesifazane esikhwameni sesikhumba esiswini sabo. Ama-koala asanda kuzalwa anesisindo nje sesigamu segremu futhi angaphansi kuka-2 cm ubude.
Kepha isimo esinjalo akusho ukuthi asisebenzi. Izingane ezinjalo zinempilo impela futhi ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa zona uqobo ziyathathwa zifakwe ephaketheni lesikhumba sikamama. Lapho baqhubeka nokukhula kwabo, bedla ubisi lukamama, njengoba kufanele kube yizilwane ezincelisayo.
Lapho unezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, abalandeli abancane bohlobo lwe-koala baqala ukushintshela kancane kancane kokudla kwabantu abadala, okungukuthi, ekudleni kukagamthilini. Okokuqala, umama uqobo uhlafuna amaqabunga futhi aqhume nawo, awondle ngokudla okulula, okunambitheke kakhulu ngamathe akhe, anikezwe izakhiwo zokubulala amagciwane. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa kancane ukugaya okujwayelekile ezinganeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzalo ekugcineni ishiya isikhwama. Lokhu kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa. Isikhathi esithile, izinyane lisahlala ngqo kunina. Ukhona ngemuva kwakhe, embambe emhlane ngezinzipho zakhe. Ngonyaka owodwa, inzalo cishe iba nokuzimela, kepha izama ukuhlala isondele kunina uma kungenzeka izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Ekuthunjweni, ama-koala, ngokudla okunempilo, angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18. Kepha ezimweni zemvelo, lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka. Eqinisweni, izilwane ezinjalo azinazo izitha eziningi emvelweni. Imvamisa, ngaphandle kwezinja zasendle nabantu, akekho obahlaselayo.
Kodwa lezi zidalwa zinezinto ezibuthakathaka ngokweqile, eziphilayo ezigulayo, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuqondiswa kwezilwane kanye nokwelashwa okukhethekile, zivame ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, lapho zihlala emahlathini e-eucalyptus asendle, ama-koala ngokuvamile angaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-13.
