Incazelo nezici
Inani lamanzi lezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukene zihlala emanzini, iningi lezilwane zeplanethi selizinze phezu komhlaba. Kepha umhlaba ocebile ngempilo nawo ungumbuso ongaphansi komhlaba. Futhi amalungu ayo akuzona kuphela izinhlobo ezincane zasendulo: izibungu, ama-arachnids, izinambuzane, izibungu zazo, amabhaktheriya nabanye.
Izilwane ezincelisayo nazo ziyizidalwa ezichitha izinsuku zazo zingaphansi komhlaba. Phakathi kwalezi zidalwa kungabizwa imvukuzane. Isilwane lokhu akukaze kufundwe kahle ngendlela umuntu abengathanda ngayo. Isizathu sisekukhetheni kwezidalwa ezinjalo, ezihlala ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki ezifihlwe emehlweni abantu.
Laba bameleli bezilwane babelwe umndeni wemvukuzane. Imininingwane yomzimba yokubukeka kwabo ifakazela ukuthi bazivumelanisa kanjani ngokuphelele nendlela engavamile yokuphila ebangelwa yibo, okungukuthi, ngaphansi komhlaba. Lapha, okokuqala, kungaba kuhle ukusho izidladla zabo, ngaphandle kwazo okungenakwenzeka ukuthi izidalwa ezinjalo ziphile endaweni yazo ejwayelekile.
Izimvukuzane akuwona amagundane; umba phansi hhayi ngamazinyo nakancane, kepha zisebenzisa ngenkuthalo izingalo zazo zangaphambili. Ngakho-ke, amabhulashi abo ayindilinga, okukhumbuza izigwedlo, abanzi impela, izintende zezandla zibheke ngaphandle. Futhi iminwe yabo ehlukaniswe kakhulu ifakwe uzipho olunamandla, olukhulu.
Imilenze yangemuva ayinikezwa amandla amakhulu nobukhazikhazi, kepha ngokuyinhloko isebenza ukukhipha inhlabathi ngaphambili eyayithukululwe yimilenze yangaphambili.
Kwezinye izici zokubukeka (zona, njengalezo esezishiwo, zibonakala ngokusobala esithombeni semvukuzane) zifaka phakathi: isifonyo esihlanganisiwe, impumulo evulekile, umsila omfishane, omncane. Umzimba wezilwane ezinjalo umbozwe ngoboya obufushane, ukuze ubude bawo bungaphazamisi ukuhamba kwalezi zidalwa ezindleleni ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uboya bazo bukhula ngendlela engavamile - kuya phezulu. Inikezwe impahla yokugoba kunoma iyiphi indlela, ephinde ibe nomthelela ekunyakazeni komhlaba ongaphazamiseki. Ithoni yezinwele imvamisa iba mpunga noma imnyama nsundu.
Kepha kukhona okuhlukile okwaziwayo, kuya ngokuhlukahluka nezinye izici zesakhiwo. Ama-albino ayatholakala futhi phakathi kwezilwane ezinjalo, yize kungavamile kakhulu.
Ukuchaza imizwa yalezi zidalwa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zilwane zicishe zingaboni. Empeleni, azidingi ukubona okuhle. Futhi ubuhlalu obuncane-amehlo ezinsumpa kuphela akwazi ukuhlukanisa ubumnyama nokukhanya.
Isakhiwo sazo sisesidala kakhulu futhi asifani nezitho zombono wezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, futhi ezinye izingxenye ezinesisekelo, isibonelo, i-retina namalensi, azikho nhlobo. Kepha amehlo alezi zidalwa ezingaphansi komhlaba, eboyeni obukhulu bezilwane, cishe abungahlukaniseki namehlo acijile, avikelwe ngokuphelele, acasha ngezinhlayiya zenhlabathi eziwela kuzo, ezinamaselula, zivame ukuhudula amajwabu amehlo ngokuphelele. Kepha umuzwa wokuhogela nokuzwa kuma-moles athuthukiswe kahle. Futhi izindlebe ezincane nazo zivikelwe amafolda esikhumba.
Ngokuvamile, umhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba wezilwane ezincelisayo uhluke kakhulu, ngoba kwanele okwaziwayo izilwane, njengezimvukuzane ngokuthi bakhetha ukucasha ezingozini zempilo kanye nokuqhamuka kwesimo sezulu ngaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, i-shrew - isidalwa esinomlomo ohlanganisiwe, embozwe ngoboya obufushane obuluhlaza.
Futhi akubona bonke abamele umbuso wezilwane abahlala bodwa futhi kungaphansi komhlaba kuphela. Yebo, abekho sonke isikhathi sokuphila kwabo, kepha bafuna indawo yokukhosela, bemba imigodi noma bathole izindawo zokukhosela ezenziwe ngomunye umuntu.
Phakathi kwalabo, i-desman, ebhekwa njengezihlobo eziseduze zezimvukuzane futhi zibalwa emndenini owodwa. Zidonswa nangaphansi komhlaba, yize zichitha isigamu sesikhathi sazo emanzini. Ukuhlala emigodini, ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpungushe nezimbila ezaziwayo, kanye nama-chipmunks, onogwaja basendle, inani elikhulu lamagundane nabanye abaningi.
Izinhlobo zezimvukuzane
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yishumi nane sezizonke emhlabeni. Okuvame kakhulu nokwaziwa kakhulu kubo imvukuzane ejwayelekile, ebizwa nangokuthi yiYurophu. Lezi zilwane zitholakala, njengoba ungaqagela, eYurophu futhi zivamile kuze kufike eNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Imvamisa azinesisindo esingeqile ku-100 g futhi zinobude bomzimba obufinyelela ku-16 cm.
Phakathi kwamanye amalungu omndeni, abanye bafanelwe ukubalulwa okukhethekile.
1. I-Japanese shrew mole - isilwane esincane esinobude obucishe bube ngamasentimitha ayi-7. Kwezinye izimo, singabonakala phakathi kotshani obude emadlelweni nasemahlathini eziqhingi zaseTsushima, eDogo, eShikoku naseHonshu. I-proboscis ende yezidalwa ezinjalo, esesifubeni esihlanganisiwe, ifakwe izinwele ezibucayi ezithintekayo.
Umsila ungosayizi obonakalayo, u-fluffy, futhi kunezitolo ezinkulu ezinamafutha ngokuvamile ezihlangana kuwo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi izilwane ezinje zikhase ebusweni bomhlaba zifuna ukudla futhi zize zikhuphuke nezihlahla eziphansi nezihlahla.
2. I-American shrew mole... Izilwane ezinjalo zivamile ezifundazweni ezithile zaseCanada nase-United States. Uboya bazo buthambile, buwugqinsi, bungaba mnyama ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma lube nebanga elimnyama grey. Abamele lolu hlobo ngezindlela eziningi bayefana namalungu ezinhlobo ezisanda kuchazwa, kangangoba ezinye izazi zezilwane zithambekele ekuzibhekeni njengezihlobo eziseduze kakhulu.
Ubukhulu bezidalwa ezinjalo cishe bulingana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude bomzimba wabantu baseMelika buxhaswa kakhulu ngomsila omkhulu. Izilwane ezinjalo zingakhuphuka nezihlahla futhi zibhukude kahle.
3. Imvukuzane yaseSiberia, obizwa nangokuthi u-Altai. Ngezindlela eziningi kufana nezimvukuzane zaseYurophu, kepha abamele bayo besifazane nabesilisa, ngokungafani nabokugcina, ngaphandle bahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ngosayizi.
Lezi yizimvukuzane ezinkulu impela. Abesilisa abavela ezinhlobonhlobo zaseSiberia bangaba cishe amasentimitha angama-20 ubude futhi bafinyelele kubukhulu obungu-145 g, abesifazane bancane kakhulu. Uboya bezilwane bunemibala emnyama: nsundu, nsundu, mnyama, grey-lead.
Umzimba wezidalwa ezinjalo uyindilinga, mkhulu, imilenze imifushane. I-proboscis e-oblong igqame kumlomo omncane. Lezi zilwane azinawo amagobolondo endlebe nhlobo.
4. Imvukuzane yaseCaucasus... Kuyafana futhi nabantu bezinhlobonhlobo zaseYurophu, kepha izakhi ezizodwa zesakhiwo nokubukeka kuhlukile kakhulu. Amehlo abo athuthukile kakhulu ukwedlula amanye wezimvukuzane. Cishe azibonakali futhi zifihlwe ngaphansi koqweqwe oluncane lwesikhumba.
Abasakhulayo balolu hlobo baqhosha ngoboya obucebile, obucwebezelayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kweminyaka, imibala yayo iyaphela.
5. Ussuri Mogera - ukuhlukahluka okuthakazelisa kakhulu, abameleli babo abadume ngosayizi wabo, okungukuthi, ngokusho kwalezi zinkomba, abaphathi bamarekhodi kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni wemvukuzane. Isisindo somzimba sezinhlamvu zesilisa sikwazi ukufinyelela ku-300 g noma ngaphezulu, futhi usayizi womzimba ucishe ube yi-210 mm.
Izilwane ezinjalo zivamile eKorea naseChina. Ezinkalweni zaseRussia, zitholakala eMpumalanga Ekude nasezifundeni ezincikene nalomphetho. Amehlo nezindlebe zezidalwa ezinjalo athuthukile. Ukufaka imibala ngamathoni ansundu ngokunezelwa kwamathoni ansundu nampunga, kwezinye izimo ngesheen yensimbi. Lolu hlobo lwezidalwa eziphilayo kumenyezelwe ukuthi luyivelakancane, futhi kuthathwa izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuluvikela.
6. Imvukuzane enezinkanyezi - Isakhamuzi saseNyakatho Melika, esibizwa nangokuthi inkanyezi. Impumulo yalezi zilwane inesakhiwo esihluke kakhulu, esiyingqayizivele futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu lamatende amancane afakwe ama-receptors amaningi.
Wonke lawa madivayisi enzelwe ukukusiza ukuthi uthole ukudla ngempumelelo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izilwane ezinjalo zifana nezimvukuzane zaseYurophu ngayo yonke imininingwane ngaphandle komsila omude ngokungavamile. Lezi zidalwa ziyawathanda kakhulu amanzi, zibhukuda kahle futhi zicwile ngobuciko.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ukuqonda kangcono yisiphi isilwane imvukuzane, kufanele ichaze ngokuningiliziwe impilo yalezi zidalwa ezithakazelisayo. Njengoba sekucacile, ubukhona bazo benzeka ngaphansi komhlaba. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi ezilungele bona kuphela. Ngakho-ke, laba bameleli bezilwane bakhetha ukugcwala ezindaweni ezimanzi ngenhlabathi evulekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, babengeke bakwazi ukubhekana nakho, ngoba bahlanganyela ekumbeni okungapheli kwamanethiwekhi amaningi angaphansi komhlaba amavesi nama-labyrinths. Abantu abavamile ukubona izilwane ezinjalo, ngoba izinsumpa azivamile kakhulu ebusweni.
Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi emasimini nasemadlelweni ungabona okufakwayo kobumba. Lokhu kungumphumela womsebenzi obalulekile walezo zidalwa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-moles ancamela ukukhipha umhlaba osele ngaphezulu.
Ngenxa yobukhona bazo, ama-moles afakwa kuhlu lwezilokazane eziyingozi nezinesibindi kwezolimo. Ngaphansi komhlaba, zivusa izitshalo futhi ziphula izimpande zezitshalo. Kepha akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye izilwane zixegisa umhlabathi, lapho kusebenza khona ukushintshaniswa komoya-mpilo okufaka isandla emsebenzini obalulekile wezitshalo ezifanayo namagciwane awusizo.
Okwezimvukuzane, awukho umehluko omkhulu: imini emhlabeni noma ebusuku, okungamangalisi ukuthi banikezwe ubumpumputhe kanye nendlela yabo yokuphila. Lezi zilwane zinama-biorhythms ahluke ngokuphelele.
Zihlala ziphapheme isikhathi esifinyelela emahoreni amane, bese ziyaphumula, bese ziyaphinda futhi, isikhathi esifanayo, zizitika ngomsebenzi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izilwane ezinjalo azikwazi ukulala ngaphezu kwamahora amathathu.
Ngaphansi komhlaba, awuhambi ikakhulukazi, ngakho-ke lezi zilwane azenzi ukunyakaza okukhulu. Futhi okuhlukile, mhlawumbe, yizikhathi zasehlobo ezishisayo ngokungavamile. Ngesikhathi esibonisiwe, izinsumpa zivame ukusondela eduze kwemifula neminye imizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze izidalwa zazo zingabi nokushoda komswakama.
UMole hhayi umthandi womphakathi. Futhi lokhu kusebenza kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo kanye nasezihlotsheni ikakhulukazi. Izilwane ezinjalo zingabantu abanesizungu, ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabanikazi abakhulu. Ngamunye wabo ulwela ukuthola indawo ethile, amalungelo afuna ukuwavikela, futhi ngentshiseko enkulu.
Izimvukuzane azithobekile. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi zinolaka olukhulu, futhi lokhu akusebenzi kuphela kwabesilisa, kepha nakuhhafu wesifazane. Ukucabanga ngobuningi besibalo sezimvukuzane, siyaqaphela ukuthi kusuka ezibonelweni ezimbalwa zalezo zilwane kuya kweshumi nambili kungahlala endaweni eyihektha elilodwa.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi lezi zinsumpa zingomakhelwane, zizama ukungahambelani. Isilwane ngasinye sinemigudu yaso engaphansi komhlaba, lapho silwela ukuhlala khona, hhayi ukugcina ubudlelwane nezihlobo. Uma kwenzeka lezi zidalwa zingqubuzana ngengozi, zizama ukusabalalisa ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaphandle kokuzidalela izinkinga.
Yize ngamunye wabo eshaweni angajabula ukuthatha insimu yomunye. Futhi-ke, uma umakhelwane efa, ehlala ezindaweni eziseduze, bahogela ngayo ngokushesha okwanele. Futhi lezo zezimvukuzane zazo ezibonakala zishesha kakhudlwana, zithatha indawo yokuhlala engenabantu, kepha kokunye ziyayihlukanisa phakathi kwabafakizicelo.
Lezi zilwane zehlukanisa kanjani phakathi kwezindawo ezihlala abantu nezingasebenzi? Lezi zidalwa zishiya amamaki ezintweni zazo, futhi into eziyikhiphayo ngasikhathi sinye ziqukethe imfihlo enuka kamnandi kakhulu.
Ebusika, ama-moles awahlali ebusika. Balungiselela isimo sezulu esibandayo ngokwehlukile: bemba izimbobo ezijulile, baqoqe amafutha kanye nokugcinwa kokudla. Kungaphansi komhlaba kuphela, lezi zilwane ziphephile. Lapho bephumela ngaphandle, baba ukuzivikela ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, bahlaselwa ngempumelelo ngama-martens, izikhova, izimpungushe nezinye izidalwa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Lezi zidalwa zingezokuhleleka kwezinambuzane, ngakho-ke, ukudla kwazo kufana nalokhu. Imvukuzane yezilwane zenhlabathi Ukudla kutholakala ngokwako ezindimeni zokuphakelayo, okungukuthi, imigudu engaphansi komhlaba eyembwa ngiyo, ngosizo lwekhala elihlukanisa ngokuphelele iphunga.
Udla ama-slugs, izibungu zebhungane, izikelemu zomhlaba. Kodwa laba bantu abangaphansi komhlaba bayazingela bese beza ngaphezulu. Lapho babamba amabhungane, izintuthwane, amaxoxo, amagundane amancane. Lezi zilwane, ngokungafani namanye amahemuhemu angathembekile, azisebenzisi nhlobo ukudla kwezitshalo. I-metabolism yokudla yama-moles inamandla kakhulu, futhi idinga cishe i-150 g yokudla kwesilwane ngosuku.
Ekupheleni kwekwindla, belungiselela amakhaza, izilwane ezinjalo ziqala ukuzenzela izinto zasebusika, zikhubaze inyamazane yazo ngokuluma. Ama-pantry anjalo, ajwayele ukutholakala eduze kwesidleke, aqukethe ngaphezu kuka-2 kg wokuphakelayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-moles angaxhumani enza okwehlukile isikhathi esifushane sokukhwelana, ngoba bayaphoqeleka ukuhlangana nabantu bobulili obuhlukile ukuze baqhubeke nohlobo. Kepha kwabesilisa, ukuxhumana okunjalo kuvela ukuthi kube kwesikhashana nje.
Ngemuva kocansi, okwenzeka futhi ngaphansi komhlaba, babuyela empilweni yabo ejwayelekile yokuba nesizungu futhi abanasithakazelo enzalweni. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka, futhi isikhathi saso sincike kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala izilwane.
Inzalo ithwalwa ngabesifazane cishe izinsuku ezingama-40, bese kuthi eziningana (ezifika kwezinhlanu) zakhiwe kabi, zingamboziwe izinwele, kuzalwe amawundlu. UMole – esincelisayo, ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziqala ukudla ubisi lwebele, olubonakala ngokuqukethwe okwanele kwamafutha.
Kepha zikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, zishintshela kancane kancane kwezinye izinhlobo zokudla, zisebenzisa izikelemu zomhlaba ngobuningi bazo. Ngesikhathi senyanga eyodwa, izilwane ezincane sezivele zikwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela imigqa engaphansi komhlaba, zithole ukudla futhi zibe khona ngaphandle kokunakekelwa komama.
Ngakho-ke, isizukulwane esisha sezimvukuzane zokuhlala sithola indawo yabo yamahhala.
Lezi zilwane zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala. Kepha ezimweni zemvelo, bavame ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngamazinyo ezidliwayo kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene.
