Incazelo nezici
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, le nyoni ephawuleka ngaphandle isebenze njengomthombo wokhuthazo kumuntu, yayiyisimo sezinganekwane nezinganekwane zabantu abaningi. Uyakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngezimpaphe ezingajwayelekile, ezibambekayo nezishayayo.
Ingubo yakhe ekhangayo igqame ezimpikweni nangaphansi komsila ngemivimbo emhlophe ephuzi futhi emnyama. Futhi ikhanda lithweswe umqhele wesigqoko sezimpaphe - isigaxa esimise okwe-fan, esifinyelela ku-10 cm ngosayizi, esikwazi ukuvula nokugoqa.
Nguyena obhekwa njengesici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo sezidalwa ezinamaphiko, isizathu sokuthi e-Islam izidalwa ezinjalo zazivame ukuhlanganiswa no-Tsar Solomon, futhi phakathi kwabantu abathile baseNyakatho yeCaucasus babhekwa njengabangcwele, ababusi besizwe esinezimpaphe kuphela, kodwa futhi nombuso wezilwane. Igama lalokhu izinyoni – hoopoe.
Izidalwa ezinjalo zemvelo, ezomndeni wama-hoopoe, ngokuhleleka kwama-hornbill, zinobude obucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-27. Umthunzi wekhanda nentamo, kanye nombala wesifuba sawo, uyehluka, kuya ngohlobo lwama-subspecies, kusuka ku-chestnut kuya ku-pink, futhi kungabomvu-ngobumba ...
Inhloko yama-hoopoe ithweswe umqhele nge-crest, okulula ngayo ukuyihlukanisa nezinye izinyoni
Isisu esibomvu ngokubomvana okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo emnyama yesikhathi eside. Uqhwaku olucijile, olumise okwe-awl lubonakala ekhanda, luzacile futhi lugobile ekugcineni luye ezansi. Izimpiko ezinamaphiko abanzi ayisiyingi zingaba ngamasentimitha angama-45. Le nyoni nayo inomsila wobude obuphakathi nemilenze yomthofu oyimpunga enezinzipho ezibuthuntu.
Lapho kuhlala khona hoopoe? Ebunzimeni be-Afrika eqhakaza eshisayo, lapho igxile khona cishe yonke indawo. Kutholakala futhi enyakatho emazweni amaningi. Isibonelo, eRussia, izinyoni ezinjalo zigxila eNyakatho Caucasus futhi nasezindaweni eziphansi zemifula efana neVolga neDon, okuvame ukubamba iso labantu ezivinini nasezivandeni.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu naphakathi e-Eurasia, empumalanga yaleli zwekazi, kanye naseMedithera, eziqhingini zaseJapan, kwezinye izindawo eziningi neziqhingi zeplanethi.
I-hoopoe iyinyoni efudukayo noma cha? Ukuxazulula lo mbuzo, kunzima ukunikeza impendulo eqondile. Konke kuncike ebangeni lapho lezi zinyoni zihlala khona. Futhi maqondana nalokhu, bangahle batholakale njengabafudukayo, abayimizulane, nabasezindaweni ezinhle - abahleli phansi. Isibonelo, abantu abagxile e-Asia Ephakathi, ezikhathini ezinzima, bakhetha ukufudukela eningizimu yaleli zwekazi elikhulu.
Kusukela ensimini yezwe lethu ebusika bavame ukuthuthela e-Azerbaijan naseTurkmenistan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokufuduka singahluka futhi sandiswe kakhulu.
Izinhlobo
Emndenini wama-hoopoe, izinyoni ezinjalo ukuphela kwezinhlobo zesimanje. Kodwa izinhlobonhlobo uqobo zihlukaniswe ngama-subspecies. Izici ezihlukile zabamele bazo zifaka: usayizi, ukuma kwephiko, umbala wophaphe, nokunye okunye.
Kukholakala ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zama-hoopoe zanyamalala kudala.
Phakathi kwama-subspecies, i-hoopoe ejwayelekile ingahlukaniswa nokuthakazelisa kakhulu. Le nyoni iyamangalisa futhi ayivamile, ngosayizi ofana nejuba lofudu. Futhi, ummeleli wokugcina wombuso wezinyoni uyefana nokubukeka kwakhe, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezinjalo lapho ukuqina kwale nyoni kuchaziwe kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi yena ngokwakhe uhamba phansi ngezinyathelo ezisheshayo ezincane, manje futhi ngokukhothama ngenkuthalo.
Ibukeka kanjani i-hoopoe – inyoni kwama-subspecies achaziwe? Ngokuvamile, icishe ifane nazo zonke izihlobo zayo. Ngaphandle kwemivimbo emnyama nemhlophe emaphikweni nangaphansi emsileni, ehlobisa ukubonakala kwabo bonke abamele lezi zinhlobo, yonke eminye izimpaphe ze-hoopoe ejwayelekile ibomvu-obomvu.
Kukhona ithuba lokuhlangana nenyoni enjalo ezindaweni zaseRussia, ikakhulukazi, yize kungavamile, kungabonakala esifundeni saseMoscow, nakwezinye izindawo ezinkulu zase-Eurasia nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika.
Ama-subspecies athakazelisa kakhulu, yize manje engasekho, yi-hoopoe enkulu. Ngokusho kososayensi, lezi zinyoni ezinkulu, ezingakwazi nhlobo ukundiza, zatholakala esiqhingini saseSt. Helena cishe emakhulwini amahlanu eminyaka edlule. Kepha imisebenzi yabantu, ikakhulukazi, amagundane namakati alethwe nguye endaweni yesiqhingi, yaba nomthelela ekubhujisweni kwabo okuphelele.
Sekukonke, izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zichaza izilinganiso ezingaba yishumi hoopoe... Ososayensi baseMelika, ngemuva kokuhlaziya i-DNA yabo, bathola ukuthi okhokho balezi zidalwa, kungenzeka ukuthi, babengaphambi kwabo, abafana nezici zebhayoloji kubamele bezimpaphe bohlelo lwezinyoni zobhejane.
Lesi sakamuva sathola leli gama ngamakhala amade amile okwe-owl, njengoba, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuqaleni, nawo nawo uyisidleke se-hoopoe.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Imvamisa, izinyoni ezinjalo zikhetha izindawo zokuhlala ezivulekile zokuhlala, zikhetha ukuhlala emathafeni, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ezihlahleni ezincane noma ezindaweni ezinamagquma zigcwele utshani nezihlahla.
Kunabamele abaningi ikakhulukazi bezinhlobo ezichazwe kuma-shrouds, ama-steppe-zone kanye nama-steppes - izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esomile, esifudumele. Ama-hoopoes atholakala ezindundumeni ezisogwini, ezindaweni eziluhlaza, ezindaweni eziyizicaba, emaphethelweni amahlathi, emadlelweni nasemihosheni, emasimini ezithelo nawamagilebhisi.
Ihamba emhlabathini oqinile, le nyoni iziphatha ngokushesha okukhulu. Futhi uma ezwa ukusondela kwengozi, uwela phansi, avule amaphiko akhe, avule umsila wakhe futhi aphakamise umlomo wakhe omude, ngaleyo ndlela acashe.
Ukundiza kwale nyoni kuphawuleka kakhulu, kuhamba emoyeni, kube ngathi kuyatshibilika, manje kuyashesha phezulu, bese kwehla ngezansi. Izwi le-hoopoe umsele omncane futhi ongezwa. Futhi imisindo ayenzayo ifana ne- "ud-ud-ud", okuvele ukuthi kube yisizathu sokuqamba indalo enezimpiko echaziwe yemvelo.
Lalela izwi le-hoopoe
Futhi kuphela ama-subspecies aseMadagascar ekuzwakaliseni amagama ahlukile, abonakala kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Imisindo eyenziwe yile nyoni iyefana ne-rolling purr.
Izimpawu ezidumile zihlotshaniswa ne-hoopoe. Abanye bathi izinyoni ezinjalo zibangela izinkinga futhi ukubona izidalwa ezinamaphiko akuyona into enhle kakhulu. Futhi, i-hoopoe ibhekwa njengesidalwa esingahlanzekile.
Lo mbono kukholakala ukuthi uhlobene nezinye zezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezithathwa yilezi zinyoni ukugcina impilo nokuphepha kwamachwane azo. Amahemuhemu athi, ezixosha izilwane ezidla ezinye zisuka enzalweni yazo, lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko zivame ukudubula ubulongwe kulowo ongena ezidlekeni zazo, zishaya ngqo ebusweni, emehlweni noma ekhaleni.
Ezinye izimpawu zixhuma ukuvela kwesikhova nebhadi
Ososayensi babona kuphela iqiniso lokuthi izinyoni ezichaziwe, njengama-skunks, zinikezwe ngemvelo ngezindlala ezikhethekile ezikhiqiza futhi zikhiphe uketshezi olungathandeki olunephunga elingabekezeleleki. Kungakho bambalwa abantu abaziyo abazingela i-hoopoe kuphela ukuze babambe bese beyicosha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ubudedengu obunjalo bungaphela ngokungathandeki.
Kodwa-ke, akukho okukuvimbela ekuthandeni inyoni enhle kangaka egcwele ubuhle bokuziqhenya ohlangothini. Yize izinyoni ezinjalo zingabathandi abantu, futhi lapho zibona umuntu, zilwela ukundiza zisuke ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuncoma ukubukeka okuhle kwalezi zidalwa ngokubheka hoopoe esithombeni.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngaphandle kwezinganekwane ezinikeza udumo olubi olunezimpaphe, eminye imibono ikhona futhi ijwayelekile, njengoba sekushiwo. Isibonelo, phakathi kwamaChechens no-Ingush, ngisho nangesikhathi sangaphambi kwamaSulumane, lokhu kudalwa okumangalisayo kwemvelo kwamenza unkulunkulukazi wenzalo, intwasahlobo nokubeletha ogama lakhe linguTusholi.
Phakathi kwalaba bantu, isidleke sale nyoni egcekeni lendlu sasithathwa njengesibonakaliso esihle, futhi ukubulawa kwale nyoni engcwele kwakungakhuthazwa neze. Lezi izi izimpawu, okuhlobene ne-hoopoe.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko kuyakhulunywa ngazo eBhayibhelini naseKoran edume ngokulingana. Futhi zivame ukuvela emisebenzini yasendulo yakudala edumile. Ngokomlando, iNkosi uSolomoni yaya kule nyoni ethile nomyalezo oya kwiNdlovukazi yaseSheba edumile. Futhi ekuphenduleni lokhu, wathola izipho ezicebile ezivela kuye.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Umlomo omude, ogobile futhi omncane, ngaphandle kwawo incazelo yama-hoopoe ayikwazi ukuqeda futhi iphelele, kuvela ukuthi iyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu kulezi zinyoni lapho zifuna ukudla. Ngemuva kwakho konke, inyoni, ekutholeni ukudla kwayo, igubha nayo enhlabathini engenalutho engamboziwe ngotshani noma ngotshani obuncane.
Njengomthetho, ama-invertebrate amancane aba yisisulu saso. Isibonelo, ibhere, isinambuzane esithanda ukugcwala emhlabathini wasemathafeni afudumele anelanga, esidabula umhlabathi ngamaphiko aso angaphambili, singaba isisulu esikhulu somzingeli onezimpaphe. Ihlwitha izidalwa ezinjalo ekujuleni kwenhlabathi futhi izibambe ngomlomo wayo, i-hoopoe ishaya lesi sinambuzane ngawo wonke amandla aso emhlabathini, iyisimanga.
Ngemuva kwalokho uyayidla noma ayise emaphuphu ayo. Uqhwaku futhi luyithuluzi lokusiza lezi zinyoni, njengomuthi wokhuni - inyoni, njenge-hoopoe ngalo mqondo, ukukhipha izinambuzane, iziphungumangathi nezibungu ezingaphakathi kweziqu zeziphunzi ezindala namagxolo ezihlahla ngamakhala akho amade. Udosi lwezinyosi neminyovu alizesabi i-hoopoe, ngakho-ke lezi zinambuzane nazo ziphaka lezi zidalwa ngokudla okuhle kakhulu.
Futhi kusuka ezinambuzaneni, le nyoni incamela ukudla izicabucabu, izimpukane ezicasulayo, izintethe, izimvemvane nezinye izidalwa ezincane zalolu hlobo. Kuyenzeka ukuthi izinyoka, izibankwa, amaxoxo abe yizisulu zale nyoni.
Kukholakala ukuthi ukuvikela amaphuphu abo, ama-hoopoe ahlasela isitha futhi akhiphe amehlo akhe
Kwesinye isikhathi, kukhethwa izindawo zokuphila eduze nezindawo zokuhlala, ama-hoopoes aqala ukondla udoti wokudla otholakala ezindaweni zokulahla udoti. Futhi ukumba udoti nomquba, le nyoni, futhi, isizwa ngumlomo omkhulu.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngenqubo yokuzala ngohlobo lwazo, izinyoni ezinjalo zivela ngokungaguquguquki. Okokuqala, bangabesilisa oyedwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekwakhiweni kwezidleke, bakhetha ukukhetha ngokungaguquguquki amasayithi ayintandokazi afanayo ngenani elithile leminyaka.
Okwabo izidleke ze-hoopoe zama ukufihla emehlweni angafuneki emifantwini nasemigodini, engekho phezulu ebusweni bomhlaba. Kwesinye isikhathi bakhetha ama-niches ezindongeni zezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zamatshe zokwakha indawo yokuhlala. Abathandi izindawo ezingafuneki, kufaka phakathi izihlobo.
Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezimbhangqwana ezishadile zomzabalazo wensimu, izimpi zangempela, ezinjengeqhude zivame ukuba khona, lapho abesilisa belwa bodwa ngonya olukhulu.
Abamele lolu hlobo, abahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zaseRussia, bafika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ngokushesha lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zentwasahlobo. Abesilisa, abagxile ekukhetheni indawo yokwakha izidleke, baziphathe kahle kakhulu futhi bamemeze kakhulu, babize abangane babo.
Kungenzeka ukuzwa imisindo enjalo ikakhulukazi ekuseni, nakusihlwa. Emini, izingoma zokukhwelana zalezi zinyoni zizwakala ngokungavamile.
Kuyathakazelisa lokho ama-hoopoe abesifazane, ngokuswela noma yini engcono, ingabeka amaqanda phakathi kwamathambo ezilwane ezifile. Icala laqoshwa ngenkathi kuhlelwa isidleke ezimbanjeni zamathambo omuntu. E-clutch, kuvame ukuba nezicucu ezingaba yisishiyagalolunye zamaqanda ansundu noma ampunga, cishe ngo-2 cm ngosayizi.
Inqubo yokufuqa ihlala cishe inyanga. Kulokhu, umzali wesilisa uhlinzeka ngokucophelela intombi yakhe ngokudla. Uyasiza futhi ukondla inzalo evele maduzane.
Amachwane e-Hoopoe khula futhi ukhule ngesivinini esisheshayo. Futhi lapho beneminyaka emithathu, kokunye, amasonto amane, sebekwazi ukwenza izindiza zabo zokuqala ezizimele. Isikhathi esithile, izingane zisazama ukuhlala eduze kwesiza sabazali. Kepha kungekudala bathola inkululeko ephelele. Ziba nenzalo ngonyaka ngemuva kokuzalwa.
AmaHoopoes aphilela abamele umbuso wezinyoni isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa, isiyonke cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Ngokusho kwedatha yesayensi, inani lalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni emhlabeni likhulu kakhulu, futhi alisongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
