Izilwane zaseCrimea
Indawo okuyiyo inhlonhlo ihlukile. Kunezindawo ezintathu zezulu ezinamazinga aphezulu okuhlukahluka: amagquma, izwekazi elipholile, elishisayo. Ukusondela kwendawo yolwandle olumnyama nolwe-Azov, izintaba zaseCrimea, amachibi angama-50, imifula engaphezu kwama-250 inqume ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezingavamile nokuhlala kwezilwane ezivamile, okungukuthi, zihlala kuphela kule mibandela.
ICrimea ibizwa nge-Australia encane ngokuvela kwezilwane endaweni encane (cishe ama-26,000 sq. Km).
Esikhathini esidlule esingumlando, izindlulamithi nezintshe zazihlala enhlonhlweni. Izinguquko zesimo sezulu ziholele ekuveleni kwezimpungushe ze-reindeer ne-arctic. Yize abacwaningi bekuveza lokho umhlaba wezilwane eCrimea mpofu kunezindawo ezingomakhelwane, kukhombisa ukuxubana okumangazayo kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezijwayele izimo zezwe zasendaweni.
Ukuqedwa kwezilwane zaseCrimea, ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, akuchazwa nje kuphela izinguquko zemvelo, kodwa futhi nemisebenzi yabantu, ukuqothulwa okungalawulwa kwezilwane zasendle. Njengamanje, kunamaqembu ayisihlanu amakhulu ezilwane ezahlukahlukene zasenhlonhlweni:
- emathafeni;
- ihlathi-emaqeleni;
- ihlathi lezintaba;
- phezulu;
- ogwini oluseningizimu.
Izintaba, izintaba nolwandle kwakha indawo yokuhlangana lapho izilwane zaseCrimea zimelwe yizilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba zezinhlobo ezingama-58, izinhlobo zasolwandle - ezine, ezinye ichthyofauna zimelwe yizinhlobo ezingama-200 zezinhlanzi, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-200 zezinyoni, izinhlobo eziyi-14 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Kunabantu abaningi bomdabu phakathi kwabakhileyo, abanye bayizivakashi zokuhamba noma bahlaliswe ngemuva kwesikhathi sokwejwayela.
I-Steppe Crimea
Inani lezilwane lama-steppes limelelwa ngamagundane ahlukahlukene, okuvela kuwo izilimo zokusanhlamvu nezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo.
Isiphalaphala esincane
Zihlala ngamaqoqo endawo. Ubude bomzimba ohlanganisiwe bomuntu oyedwa bufinyelela kuma-250 mm, cishe ingxenye yesihlanu yomsila. Ithoni yesikhumba se-Ocher, umbala onsundu ngemuva. Ikhanda lingunxantathu. Imba ama-mink ngemigodi efika ku-4 m ubude no-1.8 m ukujula. Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala "ezindlini", phakathi kwazo kukhona "iRed Book".
I-vole yomphakathi
Igundane elincane elibanzi elidla inani elikhulu lezitshalo zasendle nezitshaliwe. Imba iminki enezindima eziyinkimbinkimbi, amakamelo okwakha izidleke kanye nezinqolobane.
I-hamster ejwayelekile
Isilwane esikhwamayo esinamahlathi amakhulu nezindlebe ezincane, ubukhulu begundane. Umbala obomvu nengubo entofontofo kwenza leli bumpkin likhange ngaphandle. Izidladla ezincane zangaphambili zingenza lukhulu: ukuvalela izindlebe, ukugeza, ukuthwala izingane.
UHamster uthanda ukuba yedwa. Uhlasela labo abangafuni neze kahle - uyakhala, ugijimela isitha sanoma yisiphi isayizi. Ukulunywa kubuhlungu kakhulu, njengoba isilwane sibangela ukuqhuma. IHamster ihlala emigwaqeni, ezindaweni zamahlathi, kepha imvamisa kukhona ukulangazelela izindawo zokuhlala kwabantu.
Jerboa
Usayizi wesilwane ucishe ube yisikwele. Imilenze yangemuva ephawulekayo emide ngokuphindwe kane kunemilenze yangaphambili. Ngisho nehhashi ngeke likwazi ukuhlangabezana nejerboa. Eqa u-1.5-2 wamamitha ubude, ukuphakama kokugxuma cishe kuyingxenye yemitha.
Umsila omude usebenza njengephini lokuqondisa, futhi usiza ukusunduza ngesikhathi sokugxuma, ubamba iqhaza kwezokuvikela, uma kunesidingo. Ngenxa yokulima komhlaba enhlonhlweni, mancane futhi anciphile “ama-kangaroo” amancane.
Ingane evamile engezwa
Igundane elincane elingaphansi komhlaba, elifinyelela ku-13 cm ubude. Umsila omfushane ucishe ungabonakali. Umzimba ubonakala uguqulwe ukumba imigudu - ivulekile, inemisipha eqinile engxenyeni engaphambili.
Azikho izindlebe, amehlo ancanyana kancane. Imilenze yangaphambili ineminwe emi-5. Ama-incisors abukhali phambi kwezindebe ayamangalisa. Iyasebenza ebusuku. Ukulimaza ezingadini zemifino.
Igundane le-Steppe
Isilwane esincane esingadluli kuma-75 mm ubude. Ungayibona igundane ngomucu omnyama ogudla uhla ukusuka ekhanda kuye ezansi komsila. Ijazi loboya limpunga ngombala we-fawn. Imigodi ebunjiwe engajulile noma ihlala kaningi izindlu ezishiyiwe zamanye amagundane.
Zigijimisana endaweni ethile enomsila ophakanyisiwe, osebenza njengebhalansi. Khuphuka ngokuphelele ezindaweni eziqondile, iziqu, amagatsha, iziqu.
Ingwejeje
Izilwane zaba ngabafuduki abaphumelelayo besuka e-Altai baya eCrimea. Bahlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezingamahlathi, emapaki.Snooty, ephithizelayo futhi eyonga, ngejazi elihle elibomvu-mpunga.
Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, ubukhulu bezilwane bukhulu, bufinyelela ku-28-30 cm, kunezindawo eziyizicaba. Umsila onesihlahla wesilwane u-2/3 wobude bomzimba buphelele. Uthole ukubaluleka kwezebhizinisi.
Izinduku zaseCrimea zingaphandle komncintiswano ngokwezibalo uma ziqhathaniswa nezitha ezidlayo. Phakathi kwabamele abaningi bemindeni, kunezilwane ezincane nezisemaphakathi. Izimpisi ezinkulu zasenhlonhlweni zaqothulwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-20 yekhulu lama-20. Imizamo yokuvuselela isizwe sempisi isaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla.
I-steppe ferret
Isilwane esintofontofo esifinyelela ku-52 cm ubude sinomzimba ohlangene, umsila omncane, ikhanda eliyindilinga nezindlebe ezibanzi. Isatshalaliswa kabanzi endaweni yaseCrimea. Umbala oyisanti onemilenze ensundu, ukuphela komsila, isifuba nokumaka okumhlophe esifubeni nasezindlebe. I-ferret ihlala ngisho eduze kwabantu, ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Umzingeli osebenza kakhulu. Ukuthanjiswa ngokuphelele.
Weasel
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obuncane, ubude obufinyelela ku-26 cm, nokubukeka okuhle, isilwane sinolaka futhi sihlukumeza zonke izilwane ezincane. Ukuthanda igazi kwezilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye kuqhathaniswa nokwempisi. Ukushesha nokushesha, ikhono lokugijima ngokushesha, ukubhukuda kahle kwenza i-weasel ibe ngumzingeli ongenakuqhathaniswa.
Ngokubukeka, umhlaseli ubukeka njenge-ermine, kepha umsila wayo awunabhulashi. Umsebenzi wesilwane, owande eCrimea, uboniswa imini nobusuku.
Uma isilwane sithanjisiwe, izinambuzane namagundane akuveli endlini. Ngezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, i-weasel igxila ngokushesha, iba isilwane esinothando.
Impungushe ebomvu
Phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye zaseCrimea, impungushe ingummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke - abantu bafinyelela ku-70-90 cm ubude, umsila ungama-50-60 cm.Isilwane sihlala yonke indawo enhlonhlweni. Ihlala emihumeni, ihlala emigodini ye-badger, imifantu, imigodi. Impungushe yisilawuli esikhulu senani lamagundane. Kubangela ukulimala emapulazini abandakanyeka ekuzaleni umdlalo, hares.
Isilwane esibalulekile somdlalo. Umehluko ngokuqapha, ngokwesaba. Izilwane ezigulayo kuphela eziphuma ziye kumuntu. Impungushe ibhalwe kuRed Book yaseCrimea.
Umhlaba wezilwane ezihuquzelayo zaseCrimea umelwe ama-turtles, izibankwa, izinyoka, izinyoka. Cishe abekho abantu abanobuthi. I-Copperhead, inyoka yamanzi nenyoka, imilenze emine, amabhande aphuzi kanye nengwe kutholakala.
Inyoka yesitepe
Umhlali okuwukuphela kwesihlungu enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea. Inyoka incane, ingama-55-57 cm, ihlala emathafeni nasezintabeni. Iphethini le-zigzag lihlobisa umzimba wombala onsundu onsundu.
Imithambeka eyomile enezihlahlana, ugu lwamachibi, imihosha yizindawo zezinyoka ezisemaqeleni. Ifihla phakathi kwamatshe, emgodini ongasebenzi, imisele egundwayo eshiyiwe. Ukuthanda ukugcotshwa elangeni, kubhukuda kahle.
Amagquma aseCrimea
Izilwane zezindawo ezisezintabeni ziyinhlanganisela yabamele izindawo ezingamahlathi nezindawo ezisemaqeleni. Izilwane zasendle zaseCrimea lapha sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwa abomdabu benhlonhlo.
Umvundla
Ngokungafani nozakwabo bezwekazi, isakhamuzi sendawo sinezici ezihlukile ezingekho kubamele bezinye izindawo. Izintambo zaseCrimea zigcina umbala wazo cishe unyaka wonke. Ijazi elimpunga lomhlabathi elinamaqhuqhuva abomvu amhlophe liyisici sazo zonke izinzalo zomdabu.
Isithwathwa esisenhlonhlweni asivamile ukuwa, futhi uma kwenzeka sineqhwa, sihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-hares awanaso isikhathi sokushintsha ukubukeka kwawo. Ukuzingela into.
Inani lamahares lehle kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kepha ukusatshalaliswa kwalo kusabhekwa njengokwandile. Kubonakala kaningi emingceleni yezindawo ezingamahlathi.
I-stone marten (ibele elimhlophe)
Isilwane sathola igama laso lothando ngoboya obumhlophe esifubeni nasemphinjeni. Umusa, umusa wokuhamba uyisici sesilwane esincane esingajwayelekile ekudleni kwemifino (ubuyela emuva nge-hawthorn, amagilebhisi, ipheya). I-Whitebird ayikhuphi iziqu zemithi, kepha inyonyobela ngobunono ezindlini zezinkukhu ezifuywayo ukuze ichithe imindeni yezinyoni ngokushesha.
IBadger
Isilwane sime ngokuqinile emahlathini aseCrimea. Umzimba we-badger ucishe ube ngama-70-90 cm ubude, umsila wayo ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20. Uzipho olunamandla ezinzwaneni zalo lubonisa ukuqondiswa kwezenzo zalo ezisebenzayo. Wemba imigoqo enezitezi eziningi enemipheme, amapaseji, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, wonke amakhona agcwele amakhambi.
Amaphaseji amaBadger anwebeka aze afike kumamitha angama-20 ubude, futhi ngokuhlangene akha amadolobha wonke. AmaBadger ayizakhamizi, zimatasa ngokulungiswa kwaphakade kwemizi yawo. Ama-hostage enhlanzeko amatasa ngemisebenzi yasekhaya engapheli. Abakubekezeleli ukungena ezweni labo lezimbadada. Bazoba nesifiso sokulwa nabangenele. Izimbila - izilwane zeRed Book yaseCrimea.
Inja yeRaccoon
Isilo esinemilenze emifushane sagxila enhlonhlweni ngemuva kwemizamo eminingi yokwethulwa. Umzimba we-squat ofinyelela kuma-80 cm ubude, umsila obushelelezi uze ufike kumasentimitha angama-25. Isifonyo esicijile esinombala we-raccoon ngendlela yesifihla-buso, ukuvuvukala komlotha okuluhlaza emaceleni.
Uhlala emifantwini yamadwala, uhlala emigodini yezimpungushe noma uhlala emigodini yezimpande zezihlahla. Inja ye-raccoon ivame ukutholakala olwandle ifuna ukudla. Isilo sithathwa njengesidla umhlanganiso, kepha okuthandwa kakhulu wukudla kwesilwane.
Amalulwane
ECrimea, kunezinhlobo eziyi-16 zamalulwane. Umsebenzi wezilwane ezincelisayo ezindizayo uphezulu kakhulu ebusuku. Ukugoqeka okuyisikhumba phakathi kwezinzwani nemilenze yangemuva eceleni komphetho womzimba kusebenza njengamaphiko enyoni.
Kuma-subtropics aseCrimea, amalulwane adla kuphela izinambuzane ngenxa ye-echolocation ye-ultrasonic. Abantu abakhulu kakhulu abafinyeleli ku-10 cm ubude. Isivinini sokundiza salezi magundane esimangalisayo sikhula size sifike ku-50 km / h.
Ukulawula umzimba kukuvumela ukuba undize ngokunembile ku-labyrinth encane yomhume ngaphandle kokuthinta izindonga ngamaphiko. Izindawo ezinamahlathi asezintabeni yizindawo ezithandwa kakhulu amalulwane angenangozi ngokuphelele.
Izimfudu zexhaphozi
Bahlala ikakhulukazi emithonjeni yezintaba. Ngokungafani nezilwane ezisemhlabeni, kunezingqinamba zokubhukuda phakathi kwezinzwani zofudu. Ubukhulu bezakhamizi ezijwayelekile bufinyelela ku-15 cm ububanzi begobolondo. Ebusuku ulala phansi echibini noma kwelinye iqhwa lamanzi, kuthi emini azingele izinhlanzi ezincane, adle imifino. Ingcwatshwa ngothuli ezindlini zasebusika.
Izilwane ezifuywayo eCrimea kufaka phakathi izimfudu zasolwandle, eziphinde zilalanise futhi zilalele endaweni ethile ecashile egumbini elingaphansi kuze kufike intwasahlobo yokuqala efudumele.
Izinyamazane ezinhle
Umuntu omdala kunayo yonke inhlonhlo - ukuziqhenya eCrimea. Isilwane esikhulu sikhula size sifike kumamitha ayi-1.4 ukuphakama lapho sibuna. Izimpondo ezinamagatsha zihlobisa ikhanda lazo. Ubukhulu nobude bezinqubo bukhombisa ubudala benyamazane. Umhlobiso oyinhloko wabesilisa uvuselelwa minyaka yonke.
Emahlathini asezintabeni eCrimea, kuzwakala ukuzwakala okunamandla kwama-artiodactyls amakhulu. Imihlambi ibuthana lapha futhi idla uhlaza. Ebusika, izinyamazane zisondela ezingadini, emahlathini aseduze nezindawo ezinabantu, lapho kunokudla okwengeziwe futhi kufudumele khona. Izilwane ezinomusa zihlobisa amahlathi.
I-Mouflon
Izimvu zezintaba zazijwayele eCrimea ngisho nangaphambi kwenguquko. Ubunzima bokuxazulula phansi, ubunzima ngokuzala kwenza abahlali baseYurophu ikakhulukazi bavikela izinto. Imikhuba yezilwane iyefana naleyo yezimvu ezifuywayo.
Emini, esimweni sezulu esishisayo, zichitha emthunzini wamatshe, ngaphansi kwezihlahla, kuthi kusihlwa zigudle utshani eduze kwezintaba, emithambekeni enotshani. Ebusika, bahlushwa yiqhwa eliwayo bese behlela endaweni okuhlala kuyo umuntu ukuze athole ukudla.
Umhlobiso oyinhloko wesilwane izimpondo ezisontekile ngokomoya emuva naphezulu. Abantu abakhulu bafinyelela kuma-200 kg. Izilwane ezingavamile zaseCrimea zingaphansi kokuvikelwa.
Roe
Izilwane ezinomusa zake zahlala emathafeni engxenye yenhlonhlo. Abantu babeqhuba izilwane beziyise emithambekeni yezintaba. Izibuko eziphawulekayo (uboya obumhlophe obuzungeze umsila) bezilwane ezibalekela abantu kuvame ukubonakala emahlathini.
Ukuzwa okuphelele kuvikela ezitheni eziningi. Izinyamazane zeRoe zihlupheka kakhulu kubazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho. Kanye nezinyamazane, ezifanayo kakhulu, ama-artiodactyls ayizintandokazi zamahlathi, ezibabiza ngothando ngokuthi "izimbuzi".
Doe
Ngenkathi isilwane esingasekho emagqumeni eCrimea siseyivelakancane. Imizamo eminingana yokujwayela ama-artiodactyls amahle ayikaqedwa. Enkulu kunezinyamazane, kodwa incane kunezinyamazane ngosayizi, izinyamazane ze-fallow ziyaqaphela, ziyashesha, zivumelane nezindawo ezingama-steppe nezamahlathi.
Ngaphandle kokuvikelwa komuntu, ukusakazeka kwezilwane akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuthweswe umqhele ngempumelelo, kepha amaCrimea enza lukhulu ukugcina lezi zinhlobo.
Ingulube yasendle
Umhlali wokuqala wenhlonhlo uqothulwe ngekhulu le-19. Cishe ngemuva kwekhulu leminyaka, izingulube zasendle zabuyiselwa ngempumelelo kulawa mazwe. Izilwane ezikudlayo zidla amantongomane, amakhowe, izimpande, amaqanda ezinyoni, amagundane.
Lapho zihlangana nomuntu, izingulube zisuswa ngokucophelela, kepha uma impi ingenakugwenywa, khona-ke izilwane azazi ukwesaba. Imihlangano enezinsikazi evikela amachwane ayingozi kakhulu. Ungaphila kuphela emagatsheni esihlahla eside.
Isibankwa sedwala
Ihlala kuphela ezintabeni zaseCrimea. Umhambi onesibindi emadwaleni nasemithambekeni emikhulu. Ugu olunamadwala, amadiphozi amadwala, imihosha, ukuqhuma kwamatshe ahlukahlukene yizindawo eziyizintandokazi zezibankwa. Ungahlangana nabantu abahle endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3000-3500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ijubane nobulula bokuhamba akunakuqhathaniswa.
Izilwane zasogwini
Izilwane zasogwini oluseningizimu zimelwe yizilwane ezihuquzelayo nezingenamgogodla. Izibankwa zivame kakhulu.
Isigcilikisha saseCrimea
Ezinsukwini zakudala, yayitholakala yonke indawo ngisho nasezindaweni zamadolobha anomsindo - ezicijile, eduze kwezindonga zezindlu, phakathi kwamabhilidi amadala. Ukuthuthuka okukhulu kubhubhise indawo yokuhlala yama-geckos. Amanxiwa ayizintandokazi anezindima eziningi, izindawo zokukhosela, imifantu yaqala ukunyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba.
Izibankwa ezithandekayo azigcini ngokuhlobisa imvelo ngokubukeka okuhehayo, kepha futhi zivimbele ukusabalala kwezinambuzane eziyingozi. Izitha ze-geckos kwakungamakati alahlekile, adlala indima enkulu ekwehliseni izibankwa.
I-jaundice yenyoka
Abantu abaningi benza iphutha lokuphotha njengesihuquzelayo esinobuthi, inyoka yamathafa. Ngaphandle kokubukeka nosongo lwayo olusongelayo, ubude bungamamitha ayi-1-1.25, isilwane asinabungozi ngokuphelele uma ungasibambi futhi ungazami ukubekezela.
Akanalo ulaka lwemvelo. Uhlala eCrimea kuphela. I-jellyfish ephuzi ihamba kancane, ayijahi kunoma ngubani. Umzimba uthanjiswe kancane emaceleni ngesikhumba esibushelelezi nesicwebezelayo. Isilwane sibhalwe encwadini ebomvu. Ukusongelwa kokuqothulwa kuyinto encane - ukuqothula okokuphotha kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokubukeka okusabisayo, ukudideka nezinyoka.
Kulula ukuhlukanisa i-yellow-bellied ezihuquzelayo ezinobuthi - amehlo abo avikelwe izinkophe ezicwayizayo, ngokungafani nezinyoka.
Izilwane zasendaweni yaseCrimea ezishisayo zicebile ezinambuzaneni. Ukubukwa kweMedithera kujwayelekile kunoma ngubani ovakashele inhlonhlo ehlobo.
AmaCicadas
Abaningi baye bezwa imisindo ehlabayo, kodwa abakaze bazibone lezi zinambuzane. Icicada inkudlwana kunempukane ejwayelekile, ihlala icashe phakathi kwamaqabunga. Izitho zokucula ezinama-resonator akhethekile zitholakala esiswini. Abaculi kubukeka sengathi bancintisana nomthamo wokuculwa kwamakhwaya. AmaCicadas ahlala isizini yonke. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lezi zinambuzane ziyashona, ngokungafani nentethe noma ikhilikithi.
Izintombi zokuthandaza
Igama linikezwa ukuvela kwesinambuzane, esihlala siphakamisa imilenze yangaphambili. Kufana nezandla zomuntu eziphakanyiselwe ezulwini ngomthandazo. Eqinisweni, ama-mantis akhulekayo alinda inyamazane ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa, bahlala isikhathi eside, bacashe emaqabungeni. Ukukhula kwezinambuzane kuze kufike ku-4-5 cm kukuvumela ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi uhlanganyele ekulweni nondlunkulu. Ngokwesibonakaliso, umuntu obehleli phezu kwakhe lo mthandazi uzojabula isikhathi eside.
I-Crimean ground beetle
Ubungozi eCrimea bungaphansi kokuvikelwa njengezinhlobo ezingavamile zamabhungane. Ibhungane lomhlabathi alikwazi ukundiza, lingena kuphela ezindleleni nasemathambekeni.Ibhungane likhulu impela, lifinyelela ku-5 cm, linombala onsomi, okhishwa umbala oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama.
Uma uthinta umhlali omuhle, uzokhipha uketshezi olonakalisayo ukuze ethuse. Kuhola impilo yasebusuku esebenzayo, ihamba ngokushesha emilenzeni emide, enemisipha. Ibhungane lomhlabathi ligijima lifike ku-2 km ngosuku. Imihlathi enamandla isiza ukubhekana nezisulu: iminenke, ama-molluscs, ama-slugs.
Yiziphi izilwane eziseCrimea bengaphila, izazi zezilwane nabathandi bemvelo yokuqala bazi. Izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo ezazihlala lapha ngaphambili zalahleka ngenxa yenhlonhlo. Lezi yizimpungushe ze-arctic, i-wolverine, i-beaver, i-marmot, ibhere nezinye izinhlobo.
Izwe lezinyoni zamanzi lifanele incazelo ehlukile. ISwan Islands Reserve idume kakhulu ngamakholoni ayo. Izinkulungwane zama-swans zichitha ubusika enhlonhlweni futhi zihlala ngesikhathi se-molting. Ama-Heron, ama-mallards, ama-mergansers anekhala elide, izidleke zohlobo lwama-cranes emhlabeni wezintaba zaseCrimea.
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-200 zemindeni yezinyoni zibhalisiwe endaweni yasenhlonhlweni. Phakathi kwabo akukho cishe i-endemics. Ukwenza amakhemikhali nokulima komhlaba kwezolimo kuyinkinga enkulu, okuholela ekulahlekelweni yindawo yokuhlala nezinyoni.
Ukulondolozwa kanye nokwenza ngcono izilwane zasendaweni eyingqayizivele ngokwendawo enezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene kubalulekile ebhalansi yemvelo ejwayelekile, ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu nezwe lezilwane.
