Incwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia kwaba ukuqhubeka kwesiko lamaSoviet lokugcina amarekhodi ezinhlobo ezisengozini kanye nokugcina inani labantu babo. Incwadi yokuqala esemthethweni ngemuva kwe-perestroika yashicilelwa ngo-2001.
Encwadini, izilwane azibhalisiwe kuphela, kepha futhi zikhonjisiwe esithombeni futhi zimakwe ngombala othile. Ngakho-ke, emakhasini abomvu babhala ngalabo abasengozini, kanti naphuzi ngalabo abanombolo zabo eziqala ukwehla. Amaqabunga aluhlaza agcinelwe izinhlobo ezinabantu abangabuyiselwa.
Okumnyama kuwuphawu lwezilwane esezivele zingasekho. Upende omhlophe umele ukungafundelwa kwalezi zinhlobo. Ngakho-ke kwasatshalaliswa ama-vertebrate angu-259, izinhlanzi eziyi-139, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingama-21, izilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-65 kanye nezilwane ezingama-amphibiya eziyi-8. Masingeze idatha eyomile mayelana nabo.
Izilwane Ezincelisayo Zencwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia
USolongoy Zabaikalsky
Kuboniswe kolunye lwezinhlamvu zemali zeqoqo leRed Book series. Yaqala ukukhishwa yibhange lombuso le-USSR. Manje isiko lisekelwa yiBhange LaseRussia. I-weasel Solongoy yavela kuhlamvu lwemali olungu-2 ruble ngo-2012. Umkhiqizo wesiliva uthathwa njengeyivelakancane, noma kunjalo, njengesilwane uqobo.
I-Transbaikalia iyindawo yokuhlala eyinhloko yesilwane. Okokuqala ukubonwa kuZun-Torey. Leli ichibi elisempumalanga yesifunda. Kutholakala naseYakutia, Primorye nasePriamurye, ezihlala ezindaweni ezisemaqeleni. Lapha umhlaseli udla amagundane amancane.
Izinyoka nezinyoni nazo zifakiwe ekudleni. USolongoy ofanayo "uqothulwa" yizimo zemvelo. Indawo yokuhlala iyancipha, ngoba umhlaseli uthanda inhlanzeko nokuba yedwa. Emuva maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, isilwane esifana ne-ermine sasiyisilwane esidayiswayo. Manje ukuzingelwa salmon wenziwa kuphela rarity.
Izimvu zase-Altai zezintaba
Ikhula izimpondo ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-35 kilogram. Ubuningi besilwane sonke bufinyelela cishe izikhungo ezimbili. Ngaphezu kweseningizimu ye-Altai Territory, itholakala eTuva. Lapho, isilwane sikhuphukela ezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Lesi yindawo ephephile uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Ngokuvamile, izimvu zase-Altai zihlala ezihlahleni. Abesifazane abanezingane bahlukaniswe ngemihlambi ehlukene. Abesilisa bahlala eqenjini labesilisa.
Izindawo zokuhlala ezintabeni azizisindisi izimvu. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bafika lapho ngendiza enophephela emhlane. Omunye wabo washayisa ngo-2009. Inhlekelele kaJanuwari yadlula nemiphefumulo yabantu abayisikhombisa yasiza ekusunguleni inhloso yokuhambela kwamadoda ayi-11 ezintabeni. Size ukuzodubula izinqama.
I-Amur steppe polecat
Wadla umnikazi wayo wathuthela endlini yakhe. Ngokombono womuntu, i-steppe polecat uhlobo lokuziphatha okubi. Emhlabeni wezilwane, isilwane asilahlwa. I-ferret idla ama-hamsters, ama-gopher futhi ihlale emigodini yayo ukuze ingazimbi eyayo. Kukhawulelwe ekwandisweni kwamaphaseji ezindlu zabanye abantu.
EMpumalanga Ekude, i-polecat ihlala emadlelweni omile nokhula. Zenzelwe izidingo zezolimo. Lesi bekuyisizathu sokwehla kwenani lezinhlobo. Kwakubonakala sengathi kungachuma ezindaweni ezivulekile zehlathi laseMpumalanga Ekude. Kepha cha. Umuntu uyakwazi ukuhlwanyela izindawo ezingasekho futhi azabele amadlelo.
Impungushe yaseMednovsky eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ukuzingela impungushe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuye kwavinjelwa iminyaka engama-50. Isilwane saqothulwa ukuze kutholakale imali ebiza kakhulu phakathi koboya bezentengiselwano baseRussia. Endaweni yokuhlushwa kwezimpungushe zase-Arctic esiQhingini saseMednoye phakathi koLwandle iBering nolwandle iPacific, kwavulwa iCommander Reserve, okwenza kwaba umgoqo owengeziwe kubazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Kunzima ukusinda kubantu bezimpungushe ze-arctic ngaphandle kosongo lomuntu. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yentsha iyafa ngenkathi ifunda ukuzingela. Intsha iyawa onqenqemeni olunamadwala. Lapho bafuna amaqanda ezinyoni.
Ingwe yama-Amur
Izinhlobo ezincane zamahlosi zisindile emhlabeni. Ekuqaleni, babengu-9 kwabangu-6 abasele, i-Amur incane kunayo yonke futhi isenyakatho kakhulu. Uboya obugqinsi nobude kakhulu bunqunywa indawo okuhlala kuyo. Futhi, ihlosi le-Amur likhulu kunozakwabo, okusho ukuthi liyikati elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
Umsila wesilwane sodwa ufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-115 ubude. Isigebenga size sihlasele amabhere, futhi ngumuntu kuphela ohlasela yena. Ekuphishekeleni uboya obuyigugu nezilwane ezifakiwe, lezi zokugcina zacishe zayiqeda ingwe. Isici esingeziwe sengcindezi kumzingeli ukuncipha kwendawo yamahlathi acwebile.
Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe
Uhlala eNyakatho ye-Atlantic. Lapho, amahlengethwa anobuso obumhlophe ahlala ngamaqembu abantu abayi-6-8. Izilwane ziqedela iminyaka yazo yobudala zineminyaka engama-30-40. Ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, izilwane ezinobuso obumhlophe zihlala kancane ekuthunjweni.
Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukugcina inani labantu likhona kumahlengethwa. Akusizi ngalutho kubanikazi babo ukuthola izilwane ezizofunda amaqhinga iminyaka emihlanu, akunakwenzeka ukuthi zinikeze inzalo futhi ziphile iminyaka engama-20 kuphela.
Emvelweni wazo wemvelo, amahlengethwa abhekene nobumhlophe ayathanda ukujaha ulwelwe njengamakati axosha imisila yawo. Njengamakati, by the way, the Red Book animals can heal. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi i-ultrasound ekhishwa ngamahlengethwa inomphumela omuhle emzimbeni womuntu.
Uphawu oluhlanganisiwe
Bahlala eLake Ladoga. Isilwane asihlabi, njengoba igama liphakamisa, kepha sinephethini elinezinsimbi eboyeni baso. Imijikelezo ekuyo ilula kakhulu kunethoni eyinhloko. Umbala jikelele wophawu lweLadoga mpunga. Isilwane sihlukile ezihlotsheni zaso ezincane, esinesisindo esingeqile kuma-80 kilos, futhi imvamisa singaba ngu-50.
Uphawu lweLadoga selufunde ukubamba umoya imizuzu engama-40 bese lucwila ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-300 ngisho nasemanzini abandayo. Gcina izitolo ezinamafutha ezingaphansi. Kodwa-ke, bona kanye noboya nenyama yesilo, bayamchitha. Indoda izingela okungenhla, njengoba isivele yehlise inani labantu echibini lisuka kwabangu-30,000 laya kwabangu-3,000.
Ihlengethwa elimhlophe
Amahlengethwa amakhulu kunawo wonke hhayi e-Atlantic kuphela, kodwa kuyo yonke iplanethi. Ubuningi besilwane esincelisayo bufinyelela kuma-230 kilograms. Ngokungafani namahlengethwa anamakhanda amhlophe, amahlengethwa anezinhlangothi ezimhlophe ahlangana ngamaqembu hhayi ayisithupha, kodwa angama-60. Inani eliphelele lalezi zinhlobo cishe liyi-200,000 yezilwane. Akukho ukuvinjelwa kokuzingela e-Faroe Islands. Cishe ama-dolphin afudukayo ayi-1 000 abulawa lapho minyaka yonke.
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa
Ngenkathi besohlelweni oludumile ku-TNT bathi ngeke kube khona ukufudumala komhlaba, kufike eNorth Pole. Izinguzunga zeqhwa zezwekazi ziyancibilika, futhi amabhere amhlophe kufanele abhukude kakhulu ezweni.
Ukufuduka kwaminyaka yonke kwabadlayo kuba yisivivinyo sokusinda. Ukulahleka kwamafutha asendleleni, amabhere akhuluphele aba yiqhwa ngisho noma efika ogwini. Ngenxa yokuphelelwa yithemba, izilwane zigijimela kunoma iyiphi inyamazane, ngisho nezilwane ezincane zohlobo lwazo.
Kuze kube manje, ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe liyisilwane esidla igazi esinegazi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Isisindo sesilo sicishe sibe ithani. Ibhere elikhulu kakhulu lalingamakhilogremu ayi-1200. Lezi zinhlayiya zamabhere anamuhla sezivele zingasekho. Ngokuthakazelisayo, isikhumba esimnyama sifihlwe ngaphansi koboya obumhlophe njengeqhwa bebhere lasenyakatho. Lesi sakamuva siqoqa ukushisa, futhi kudingeka ijazi loboya ukufihla ingemuva leqhwa.
IBelttooth kaMkhuzi
Lo mkhoma ubhukuda ngaseKamchatka naseBering Island, lapho kutholakala khona isifanekiso sokuqala ngekhulu le-19. Ivikelwe kusukela ngo-1979. Isilwane esincelisayo sifinyelela kumamitha ayisithupha ubude. I-colossus enjalo intanta ngokuzihlukanisa okuhle kakhulu. Amabhande amabhande omphathi ahlangana ngamaqembu, ngemuva kokubona ukunqwabelana kwezinhlanzi ze-salmon, abadla kuzo.
Ngaphandle, ibhande lezinyo lifana nehlengethwa elikhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, isilwane sinomude ovulekile, okhonjisiwe. Kodwa-ke, kukhona eminye imikhomo enobuso obufanayo, ibizwa ngokuthi imikhomo enemilomo.
Isicathulo sehhashi esikhulu
Kungumndeni wamalulwane. Impumulo emise okwehhashi yisizathu segama lesilwane. Likhulu kunawo wonke esigabeni salo, lifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-7 ubude. Iphiko lamaphiko likhulu ngokuphindwe kahlanu.
Lesi silwane asitholakali eRussia, ngoba sesaba amazinga okushisa adlulele nesimo sezulu esibandayo. Lapha, iningi lamawundlu liyafa phakathi nobusika bawo bokuqala. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi umsikazi wesicathulo sehhashi wesifazane ubeletha ingane eyodwa ngesikhathi, isimo sezulu sidlala ihlaya elinabantu.
Isikhisi esikhulu
Le shrew ihlala eMpumalanga Ekude. Phakathi kwezihlobo, abamele lezi zinhlobo kukhona isigebenga esinobude obungamasentimitha ayi-10. Kwezinye izigaxa, isibonakaliso esiphezulu asidluli amasentimitha ayisithupha.
Imfihlakalo yama-shrews amakhulu ukuba khona kwamadoda kubantu bawo. Ososayensi bayakwazi ukubamba abesifazane kuphela. Zivame ukuletha inzalo kanye ngonyaka, kepha imidlalo yokukhwelana nenqubo yokukhwelana ayizange ingene kumalensi wekhamera yevidiyo.
Isikhwama sondla izinambuzane nezibungu, sithatha isisindo saso esiphindwe kathathu ngosuku. Ubuningi besilwane esincelisayo seRed Book, ngasendleleni, silingana no-14 amagremu.
I-harbor porpoise
Lokhu akuyona ingulube yasekhaya evela phesheya kolwandle, kepha isilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle sangempela. Ithanda amakhaza. Njengamabhere we-polar, ama-porpoises ahlushwa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Futhi, ukwehla kwabantu kuhlotshaniswa nokungcola kwezilwandle.
Abamele lolu hlobo bathanda amanzi acwebile. Kunciphisa inani labantu kanye nokuzingela ngokungemthetho. Izingulube ezingenazimpaphe, njengoba izazi zezilwane zizibiza kanjalo, zinenyama enomnandi namanoni amaningi anempilo.
Kukhona i-fin engunxantathu ngemuva kwe-porpoise. Ukunamathela ngaphandle kwamanzi, kufana noshaka. Ngendlela, iRed Book isilwane ihlengethwa. Ekuthunjweni, kuphila okubi kakhulu kunokubukeka okumhlophe, kungaze kufike eminyakeni engu-4 ubudala.
IGorbach
Lokhu ukubhukuda komkhomo eduze kwaseKamchatka. Ukuhamba emanzini, lesi silwane esincelisayo sakha umhlane waso, sathola igama laso. Futhi, umkhomo uhlukaniswa ngemivimbo egijima esiswini. Kuyo yonke i-Atlantic, kwabalwa izikole ezi-5 kuphela zokuthikamezeka. Isibalo ngasinye singabantu abangu-4-6. Ngasinye sazo sinesisindo esingamathani angama-35 futhi cishe singamamitha ayi-13 ubude.
Ngaphezu kwama-crustaceans, i-humpback idla izinhlanzi. Umkhomo wayo uzingela ngendlela engafanele ngezindinganiso zabantu. Izinhlanzi ziminyene. Uma abantu bekwenza lokhu ngokuqhumisa amagobolondo ngaphansi kwamanzi, imikhomo isebenza ngomsila wayo. Izilwane zibashaya ngemihlambi. Izinhlanzi ezisezitolo zazo ziwela ngqo emlonyeni womzingeli.
I-Daurian hedgehog
Le hedgehog ayinaso isiqeshana sesikhumba esingenalutho ekhanda layo, futhi izinaliti zikhula ziqonde emuva. Iqiniso lokugcina lenza isilwane esincelisayo cishe singabi yisijeziso. Ungakwazi uku-ayina izinaliti njengoboya. Abantu benza lokho nje, bekhulisa izilwane zaseDaurian ekhaya. Izimpungushe, izimbila, izimpisi, ama-ferrets nezinja zimane zidle ama-hedgehogs.
Inani elikhulu labantu abafuna ukudla, futhi libeke inani labantu engcupheni yokuqothulwa. ERussia, lesi silwane sihlala ezindaweni zaseChita nase-Amur. Ngokuhlaliswa kwezindawo, umuntu kufanele afe hhayi nje kuphela ekubanjweni yizilwane ezidlayo, kodwa futhi nasemigwaqweni emikhulu. AmaHedgehogs achotshozwa yizimoto.
Ussuri sika inyamazane
Uhlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe ohlobo lwesiManchu. Lokhu kuyamangaza ezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ezinamakhasi. Phakathi kwazo, izinyamazane zihlala ngokuthula, ngaphandle kokuthola ubuhlobo bazo ngisho nangesikhathi semikhuba. Abesilisa baqala ukulwela abesifazane kuphela endaweni engeyona eyemvelo, bengaphansi kokuqondiswa ngabantu.
I-Sika deer iqanjwe ngoba igcina umbala we-variegated nasebusika. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilwane zibonakala kahle eqhweni. Inani lokugcina labantu labhujiswa ngo-1941. Kusukela lapho, izinyamazane zezinhlobo aziphili, kepha ziyaphila. Abantu beRed Book isilo bathanda yonke into: izimpondo, inyama, nesikhumba.
UDzeren
Isihlobo esiseduze sezinhlwathi nezimbuzi, sihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule, emaqeleni. Kwesinye isikhathi, insephe inyuka izintaba. Izazi zezilwane zibalile izinhlobo ezintathu zezilwane. Bangu-313,000 abantu sebebonke. Ingxenye yabantu baseMongolia iwela eRussia. Kukhona nezinsephe zaseTibet nohlobo lwePrzewalski. Kokugcina kunama-ungulates ayi-1000 kuphela.
Ngendlela yaseMongolia, abantu abangu-300,000. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa kuphela kubo abahlala eRussia, futhi bonke bahlala eDaursky Reserve. Lapha ama-ungulates ahlala unomphela. Amanye ama-gazelle angazulazula ezindaweni ezifuywayo, kepha abuyele eMongolia.
I-pestle ephuzi
Ihlala ezintabeni eziphansi eziseningizimu ye-Altai, eziya ngaseKazakhstan. Ngaphambili, i-pestle nayo yayihlala phakathi neRussia. Isimo "savutha" ngekhulu lama-20. Igundane limba imigodi kuze kube ngamasentimitha angama-80 ubude.
Ubude besilwane uqobo basiphinda kane. Esinye isikhala emgodini siqukethe izindinyana namakhekhe anezimpahla. Izinambuzane zisebenza unyaka wonke, ngakho-ke izilwane zidinga ukudla okuningi.
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ososayensi kabazange "babone" izinhlobonhlobo eziphilayo, kuphela amathambo abo endle yezimpisi, izimpungushe, izinkozi nezinye izidalwa. Lokhu kukodwa kuphakamisa ukuthi lolu hlobo aluphelile nya.
I-Tricolor bat
Kukhulunywa ngamalulwane. Kutholakala ezintabeni zeKrasnodar Territory. Lapha ilulwane lifinyelela kumasentimitha angu-5.5 ubude no-10 amagremu ngesisindo. I-tricolor bat iqanjwe ngombala wejazi.
Isisekelo saso simnyama, phakathi siyakhanya, kanti amathiphu anombala wezitini. Ilulwane lehlukile kwamanye amalulwane, ngendlela efanayo, ekuthwalweni kwalo isikhathi eside nokondla izingane. Zinezinyanga ezintathu esibelethweni nezinsuku ezingama-30 esifubeni.
Impilo yelulwane ihlala cishe iminyaka eyi-15. Kodwa-ke, eqinisweni, bambalwa kuphela abasinda kuze kube sebekhulile. Amabhu abhujiswa yizilwane ezidla ezinye, ukuwohloka kwemvelo, isithwathwa nabantu abathatha amalulwane njengento engeyinhle.
Inyathi
Lokhu kungabonakali okukhulu kunazo zonke izilwane ezidla imifino e-Eurasia. Ngobude bomzimba cishe wamamitha ama-3, isilwane sinesisindo sama-400-800 kilograms. Indawo yokugcina izinyoni eRussia yasungulwa ngawo-50s wekhulu elidlule. Ngekhulu lama-21, izinyathi sezicishe zathuthela ngokuphelele eziqiwini.
Endle, abantu abangasetshenzisiwe basinda eCaucasus. Lapha inyathi iklaba ngokujaha, ingenasikhathi sokuhlafuna utshani, ngoba izilwane ezidla ezinye zingahlasela. Njengoba zigwinye amakhilogremu aluhlaza, lezi zilwane zicasha emakhoneni acashile, zibuyise utshani futhi zihlafune esiyingini sesibili.
Ikati lasehlathini laseCaucasia
Kutholakala eChechnya, eKrasnodar Territory, e-Adygea. Isilwane sithanda uphahla lwamahlathi ahlabayo. Ngaphansi kwalo, umhlaseli ubukeka njengekati elijwayelekile elifuywayo, elikhudlwana futhi linesitoko kuneningi. Abanye abantu bathola isisindo samakhilogremu ayi-10.
Ikati laseCaucasus lithanda amahlathi ayizintombi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi liyazulazula liye kubantu, lihlale ophahleni lwezindlu zalo futhi lizalisana nentshebe yasekhaya. Lokhu kunciphisa inani labantu eselivele lincane. Kusukela emishadweni exubekile kutholakala uhlobo olusha, kepha iCaucasian ayiqhubeki.
IsiManchu zokor
Uhlala emngceleni we-Primorsky Territory kanye ne-PRC. Kukhona ithafa laseKhanka. Abantu abangama-4 bamagundane bahlala kuwo ngokuhlukile. Inani liyancipha ngenxa yomhlaba olimekayo odingekayo ukuze i-zokor iphile. Inani labantu nalo "liyacekelwa phansi" ngomsebenzi ophansi wokuzala.
Kukhona kuphela ama-cubs 2-4 ngonyaka. Imvamisa 1-2 iyasinda. Ngaphandle, isilwane somndeni we-hamsters sibukeka njengemvukuzane, cishe ngokungaboni, sithwala uzipho olude lwefosholo emilenzeni yalo yangaphambili. Lokhu kungenxa yendlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba.
Phezulu, i-zokor ishiya izindunduma zomhlaba eziyindilinga kuphela. Ngokuyinhloko ama-juveniles avela ebusweni bawo. Lapha unamahlumela aluhlaza. Abantu abadala bagxile kakhulu kwizibungu nezinambuzane.
I-sea otter
Ihlala ezifundeni ezisogwini loLwandlekazi iPacific, zihlukaniswa njengama-mustelids. Abamele lezi zinhlobo babizwa ngokuthi ama-sea otters. U-3% womzimba wabo ubalwa yizinso, eziguqulwe ukucubungula amanzi anosawoti. Ngakho-ke, ama-otter asolwandle awachithi isikhathi efuna amanzi ahlanzekile.
Ngokungafani nemikhomo nama-pinnipeds, ama-otter asolwandle awanazo izicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba. Kuyadingeka ukubalekela amakhaza ngenxa yobuningi bovolo. Kunezinwele ezingama-45,000 ngesentimitha lesikwele lomzimba wesilwane esincelisayo.
Kuyathakazelisa nokuthi ama-otter asolwandle anamathambo ansomi. Zibalabala ngombala we-urchins yolwandle, ukudla okuthandayo kwama-otter asolwandle. Isigaxa se-otter's spap carapace sivulwa ngamatshe abukhali. Uma ukholwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ama-sea otters ayakwazi ukuthatha izidladla zawo namathuluzi ensimbi.
Kuthatha isikhathi kuphela, futhi nezilwane azinayo. Inani lama-otter lincipha kakhulu. Uboya obukhulu bezilwane abugcini nje ngokuthanda kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-otter asolwandle anobungani kakhulu nabantu, awababoni njengezitha. Lokhu kwenza ukuzingela kube lula.
Kulan
Uhlala entshonalanga yeSiberia naseningizimu yeTrans-Baikal Territory. Lesi silwane esamadonki asendle futhi sihlobene namadube. Ukubukeka kwama-ungulates kuyehluka kuye ngendawo yokuhlala. Ezintabeni, ama-kulans aqina. Emathafeni, izilwane zazelula, zibukeka njengamahhashi kunezimbongolo.
AmaKulans angabagijimi abaphambili, asheshisa aze afike kumakhilomitha angama-65 ngehora, agcine leli jubane cishe imizuzu engama-30. Isonto ngemuva kokubeletha, izimbongolo zishesha ziye kumakhilomitha angama-40 ngehora.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungabaleki izilwane ezidla ezinye. Lezi zokugcina zikwazi ukuhlangana nabantu abadala nezinsana kuphela. Abakwa-kulan abakwazanga ukubalekela kumuntu kuphela. Endle kwaqothulwa izimbongolo. Bonke abantu abaziwayo bahlala ema-zoo nasezindaweni ezi-steppe ezivikelwe.
Impisi Ebomvu
Zinamazinyo ambalwa kunezinye izimpisi. Ijazi lesilwane libukeka njengempungushe. Lesi silwane sichazwe okokuqala nguKipling. Khumbula incwadi yakhe ethi The Jungle Book.Kodwa-ke, impisi ebomvu ayihlali ehlathini kuphela, kodwa nasezindaweni ezivulekile zaseRussia. Lapha, ngo-2005, imali yesiliva eqoqiwe enomfanekiso we-Red Book yakhishwa.
Impisi ebomvu, ngasendleleni, ingabamba i-kulan. Umzingeli ushesha ufike kumakhilomitha angama-58 ngehora. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimpisi zikwazi ukweqa ngamamitha ayi-6, azesabi amanzi aneqhwa. Kodwa-ke, ama-subspecies ajwayelekile ompunga anamandla amakhulu futhi anamandla kunokubomvu. Kuvela umncintiswano, ngenxa yalokho, okungenzeka, izimpisi ezibomvu ziyafa.
Izimvu ezinkulu
Ukuphila eChukotka, kwehlukile kwezinye izinqama ngombala. Izinwele eziluhlaza-mpunga nokumhlophe ziyashintshana. Umphimbo wesilwane umhlophe. Kunamakhanda anjalo asuka kwemithathu kuya kwemihlanu emhlambini. Izimvu ze-bighorn zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokudutshulwa, kodwa futhi nomkhuba wezindawo "zasekhaya".
I-Red Book ayifuni ukushiya amadlelo akhe awathandayo, noma ngabe akhiwe ngumuntu. Emuva ngawo-1990, isibalo sezimvu sasigcwele, futhi manje sehla kancane kancane.
Ingwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude
Lesi silwane kungenzeka singaphuzi. Umswakama owanele ekudleni. Isidlakela sidonsa amandla kuso, sihudulele isisulu saso ezihlahleni. Inyama iphephile lapho. Ngale ndlela, ingwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude ingadonsa isidumbu sikasinda kathathu kunesilwane esidla inyama egatsheni.
Ingwe ilandelela ukubukeka komuntu endaweni yayo. Lesi yisizathu sokushiya indawo unomphela. Ngakho-ke izilwane zigijima zisuka ephoyinti ziye kwelinye, azisatholi amazwe ezintombi. Ukuzala akusho lutho.
Ikati likaPallas
Leli kati lasendle linezindlebe eziyindilinga ezinamabhulashi ezinwele aphumile. Omunye umehluko umfundi oyindilinga. Ngenxa yakhe, amehlo ekati ayafana nawabantu. Ikati likaPallas lifana ngosayizi namadevu asekhaya, kepha izidladla zesilwane zigcwele futhi zijiyile. Ikati likaPallas lihlala eTransbaikalia. Ososayensi banqume ukuthi izinhlobo eziseMhlabeni sezivele zineminyaka eyi-12,000,000 ubudala. Kuyacasula kakhulu uma ikati lasendle linyamalala ebusweni beplanethi.
UWalrus
Sikhuluma ngama-subspecies ase-Atlantic wesilwane. Inkulu futhi ifakiwe, inokuthula ngokwemvelo, iyathanda ukugcwala ilanga. Ukuze ube selangeni, i-walrus idinga ukudonsela isidumbu sayo ogwini. Isilwane esincelisayo sidonsa isisindo sayo ngamazinyo aso, siziqhubekele eqhweni elisogwini, njengemishini yokuqwala.
Ngemuva kokulala elangeni amahora amaningana, i-Red Book iba bomvu. Lokhu akusikho ukusha, kepha kungumphumela wokwandiswa kwama-capillaries egazi. AmaWalrus awasabi ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, kepha ukuchitheka kukawoyela, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi asogwini nokuncibilika kweqhwa.
Isigelekeqe saseJapan
Lesi yisikhwama esivela ePrimorsky Krai. Isilwane sinesisindo esingu-40 amagremu futhi sifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-15. Ikhala elincane, amehlo amancane angaboni kanye nemilenze ebanzi enezinzipho-ngamahalavu kunika imvukuzane eRed Book.
Inani labantu lisongelwa yimililo, ukuhlala "kwezabelo" ezijwayelekile. Uma lolu hlobo lunyamalala, ososayensi abasoze bakwazi ukutadisha ngalo. Kuze kube manje, amaqiniso angawodwa ayaziwa ngamaMoger, ngoba izilwane ziqhela emibonweni yezazi zezilwane ngaphansi komhlaba.
UNarwhal
Kubizwa nangokuthi i-unicorn. Isilo "esiyinsumansumane" asihlali emhlabeni, kodwa emanzini ase-Atlantic nase-Arctic Ocean. Isilwane esincelisayo singemikhomo enezinyosi, sinesisindo sethani, futhi sifinyelela kumamitha ayisithupha ubude.
Inarwhal inezinyo elilodwa, eliphume ngaphandle komlomo kuze kube manje ukuthi lifana nophondo olusontekile, noma ipiki. Isilwane sibeka isisulu kuso. Inani labantu lehla laya ku-30,000. Zisatshalaliswa phakathi kwemihlambi yemikhomo engu-6-8. Abantu babadlela inyama yabo. Phakathi kwezidliwayo zasolwandle, ama-narwhal azingelwa yimikhomo ebulalayo namabhere asezindaweni eziphakeme.
Indoda yaseRussia
U-desman wafunda ukukhiqiza imiski nokugcoba ijazi lakhe loboya ngalo. Ngakho-ke uboya be-desman buba manzi, ngoba isilwane esincelisayo siphila eduze kwamanzi, senza izimbobo emabhange. Ngenkathi udilika emanzini, u-desman uthola izibungu kanye ne-algae.
UDesman ushona ngenxa yamanzi aphuma ebusika, imigodi yezikhukhula. Ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, iRed Book iyisisulu esilula sezimpungushe, imink kanye nezinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngokuthula, i-desman ihlala nama-beavers kuphela. Ngabo, iRed Book ingabelana ngemigodi, inyakaze.
I-Reindeer
Lesi silwane sinezinselo ezihlukile. Ehlobo zithambile, njengezipanji. Lokhu kusiza ukuhamba uzungeze umhlabathi oncibilikisiwe. Ebusika, phansi kwezinselo kuyaqina, kuveze onqenqemeni oluqinile. Ngosizo lwayo, i-reindeer ishayisa eqhweni, njengokukhukhuka kweqhwa.
Omunye umehluko phakathi kwezinyamazane nezinye izimpondo. Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane banabo. Abokuqala bachitha izigqoko zabo ekuqaleni kobusika. Ngakho-ke isiphetho: USanta Claus ubophela ama-reindeer emlenzeni wakhe. Bafaka izimpondo cishe kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
I-otter yaseCaucasia
Ngeyama-mustelids, efinyelela kumasentimitha angama-70 ubude, inomsila omude nonemisipha. Kuyasiza ukubhukuda kwe-otter. Wenza lesi silwane ebusuku. Emini, isilwane sikhetha ukulala.
Indlela yokuphila yomndeni yama-otters ikhuluma ngokusongela kwabantu. Ezimweni ezinhle, baba nesizungu. Ndawonye, izilwane ezincelisayo ziyahlangana ukuze zisekelane ngezikhathi ezinzima.
Ingonyama yasolwandle
Lesi yisigxivizo esikhulu esinezimpondo. Ihlala kumaKuriles naseCommander Islands. Lapha, izidumbu, amamitha ama-3 ubude nesisindo esingaba ngamakhilogremu angama-800, ziphumula emadwaleni, zizingele zizale. Eyesilisa oyedwa uvundisa abesifazane abaningana. Udumo luwela kwelinamandla. Ngakho-ke, amabhubesi olwandle alwela ilungelo lokushiya inzalo.
Ososayensi bayazibona izizathu zokuqothulwa kwebhubesi lasolwandle 3. Esokuqala yimvelo. Owesibili ubamba i-herring ne-pollock. Lokhu ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu yizincwadi ezibomvu. Isizathu sesithathu senkinga yimikhomo ebulalayo. Phambilini izingonyama zasolwandle zazingafakwanga ekudleni kwazo, kepha ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka isimo sashintsha. Manje imikhomo ebulalayo isishabalalisa ngesihluku isilo seRed Book.
Ingwe yeqhwa
Ingwe ayigcini nje ngokugxuma ngamamitha ayi-6 ubude, kepha futhi izuza ngamamitha ama-3 ukuphakama. Indawo yokuhlala yamakati nayo ihlotshaniswa nokuphakama. Zimboza amamitha ayi-6,000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Kuhlala kuneqhwa lapha, lapho uboya obumhlophe beRed Book buhlangana khona.
Ngaphandle, ingwe ifana nengwe emhlophe, kepha ayazi ukuthi ingaqunjwana kanjani. Ukwakheka komphimbo wesilwane kuholela. Ikakhulukazi ukwakheka kwezidladla. Izinyawo ezibanzi zigcina amakati eqhweni elijulile, elixegayo. Kodwa ingwe ayikwazi ukuhlala “intanta”, njengoba abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bedinga uboya bayo.
Izinyoni zeRed Book yaseRussia
Isigaxa se-oatmeal sikaYankovsky
Izinyoni zise-oda labantu abadlulayo. Kukhona i-oatmeal eningi, kepha izinhlobo zikaJankowski zinophawu onsundu esiswini. Inyoni yengoma isho okuthile okufana ne- "tsik-tsik". Le nyoni ayifundiswanga kangako kangangoba namaqanda awachazwanga ngososayensi. Noma ngabe uhlobo lufihlwe kahle, noma luyingcosana ngesibalo futhi ludinga ukuvikelwa.
Inyoni ye-Avdotka
Lesi sidalwa esinemilenze emide ngumgijimi oncomekayo, ogcina ibhalansi ngomsila ongu-25 cm. Ibala uhhafu wobude be-avdotka. Ososayensi abavumelani ngozalo lwakhe.
Ingxenye ibeka inyoni njengama-bustard, enye ingxenye iyibize ngokuthi ama-waders. I-avdotka ihlala emathafeni asogwadule. Inyoni iyakuthanda ukuba yodwa. Lesi ngesinye sezinyathelo zokuphepha. Isexwayiso se-avdotka, ngasendleleni, siyisizathu sokutadisha okubi kohlobo.
I-loon emnyama yomqala
Lesi isipikha esinamaphiko. Ngezwi elinomsindo, le nyoni iyakhala, noma iyamemeza, noma iyahleka. Isigodo silingana nobukhulu besilwane. Ubude bomzimba we-loon ngamasentimitha angama-70.
Iphiko lamaphiko lingaphezu kwemitha. Isisindo senyoni asidluli ku-3.5 kilograms. Ingena kanjani ngosayizi wayo omuhle? Amathambo anezimpiko anezikhala ngaphakathi, ngaphandle kwalokho isilwane besingeke sikwazi ukundiza.
I-Saker Falcon
Inyoni evela emndenini kakhekhozi iyisizungu ngokwemvelo. Ubude, izimpaphe zifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-60, futhi zinesisindo esingu-1.5 kilos. ERussia, itholakala eningizimu yeSiberia naseTransbaikalia. Ama-Saker Falcons angahlangana kuphela ngokuzala. Ngokushesha nje lapho amaphuphu eshiya isidleke, umbhangqwana uyahlukana. Ukuthembeka kweSwan akubuzwa.
Isizungu somuntu onezimpaphe sisho ukuba nezinto zakhe siqu. Zinkulu futhi kufanele zingabi ntombi. AmaSaker Falcons awanazo izindawo ezanele ezihlanzekile. Lesi yisona sizathu esikhulu sokwehla kosayizi wabantu.
I-albatross enemibala emhlophe
I-Albatross ihumusha isuselwa ku-Arabhu njenge- "diver". Inyoni itshuza inhlanzi. Inyoni inkulu ngosayizi. Uhlobo lwentshe yasemanzini lunomqhele ophuzi futhi lunezintambo ezinsundu ezimpikweni nasemsileni.
Ubuningi benyama enambithekayo ngaphansi kwezimpaphe ngesinye sezizathu zokuqothulwa kwe-albatross. Ekhulwini elidlule, abantu abangu-300 babedutshulwa nsuku zonke. Manje ukuzingela akuvunyelwe, kepha inani labantu selibolile impela.
Uthi lokuphotha
Lomhlali onamahloni ongumxhaphozi ungowomndeni wama-waders. ERussia, itholakala e-Ussuriysk Territory naseKamchatka. Inyoni yonke yinde. Kuqhamuka uqhwaku oluncane nolubukhali. Ngayo, le nyoni ibamba izinhlanzi ezincane emanzini. Imilenze emide futhi emincane ngokulinganayo iyasiza ukuhamba ngasogwini futhi igijime ngokushesha. Umzimba wophiko lokuphotha nawo uvulekile, unezimpaphe ezimhlophe nez beige.
Kuyinto elula ukudubula uthi lokuphotha ngesikhathi yokwakha isidleke. Izinyoni zigada amaqanda ngentshiseko kangangokuthi zindiza zibheke kubantu abasondelayo. Maye, kulapha lapho abazali abangaphumelelanga babhekene nokufa.
Iphixiki elibomvana
Ngobukhulu obumangazayo, iyakwazi ukuphakama amamitha ayi-3000. Amaphiko enyoni angamasentimitha angama-300. ERussia, ungabona inyoni kuphela eLake Manych. Lesi ngesinye sezidumbu zamanzi ezilindile zeKalmykia. Izazi zokwakheka komhlaba zibheka leli chibi njengensalela yolwandle lwasendulo olubizwa ngokuthi iTethys.
Izinyanga eziyisithupha, ivuba lidla cishe ama-200 kilograms ezinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi yokwakha isidleke eManych, ama-crucian ayesaba kuyo. Ulwazi lokwazi kwama-pelican ukuzingela eqenjini luyethusa ikakhulukazi. Ezinye izinyoni ziqhubela inyamazane yazo kwezinye, zizungeze izinhlanzi. Ukubambisana kusiza izinyoni zisinde.
I-Bustard
Le nyoni ayinazo izindlala zomjuluko, ngakho lapho kushisa ama-bustard alala phansi, avule amaphiko awo futhi avule imilomo yawo. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukukhululwa kokushisa emzimbeni. U-bustard wayengenayo inhlanhla ngokuthanjiswa kwamaphiko. Akekho. Ngakho-ke, izimpiko zale nyoni ziyanethwa yimvula neqhwa emakhazeni. Lezi zinhlobo ngokusobala azivumelani nendawo yokuhlala, yingakho ihlupheka
Idada lesiMandarin
Leli dada linesisindo esingu-500-700 amagremu futhi lihlala ezihlahleni. Abesilisa bohlobo lolu banemibala futhi bayancinza, benqaba ukugiya. Imenyu ye-tangerine nayo iyathakazelisa. Udla ama-acorn kanye namaxoxo. Ngaphezu kwemikhuba yokudla, ososayensi abaziqondi izizathu zokwehla kwabantu. Ama-tangerine agcinwa emapaki kodwa ayanyamalala endle.
Kubekiwe
Le nyoni yephula amarekhodi phakathi kwama-waders ngobude bomlenze. Ziphinki futhi. Ungabona izinyoni endle eDon, eTransbaikalia nasePrimorye. Lapho isitaki sithathe into emnandi emachibini anobumnandi. Emilenzeni yayo emide, le nyoni iya kude emanzini, idoba lapho ukuthola izinhlanzi.
Izama ukuba yinde, iNcwadi Ebomvu yafunda ukuhamba ngezinsipho. Ngakho-ke, le nyoni itholakala kalula ngamathrekhi ayo akhethekile esihlabathini. Umuntu akadubuli i-sandpiper kangako njengokunciphisa indawo yokuhlala. Lesi yisona sizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwesibalo sabantu.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zeRed Book yaseRussia
ULizard Przewalski
Isibankwa esingamasentimitha ayishumi sitholakala emngceleni neChina. Engxenyeni ye-PRC, lesi silwane sivamile, kepha eRussia asishadile. Lesi silwane siphunyuka ezitheni ngokuzingcwaba esihlabathini. Ngokunjalo, i-FMD izama ukuhlala enhlabathini eyisihlabathi, ezindaweni ezisogwadule nasemathafeni.
I-Viper kaDinik
Kulezi zinhlobo, abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa, bafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-55. Ezinhlangothini, inyoka imnyama, futhi ngaphezulu ingaba ulamula, ophuzi noma owolintshi. Ungahlangana nenyoka kaDinnikov eStavropol naseKrasnodar Territories.
Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sikhetha izindawo ezinezintaba, sikhuphuke size sifike kumamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Kuyafaneleka ukufuna inyoka lapha ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Isirhubuluzi asikubekezeleli ukushisa, sikhasa siphume ngezikhathi ezipholile.
Isigcilikisha esimuncu
Lesi sibankwa sigcwele izikali ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ekhanda nasentanyeni, ngokwesibonelo, ngosayizi wenhlamvu yesihlabathi, nasemzimbeni kasayizi oqinile. Ungababona ezindaweni eziwugwadule. Kulapha lapho kuhlala khona iNcwadi ebomvu. Iyasebenza ebusuku noma, njengenyoka kaDinnik, esimweni sezulu esinamafu.
Inyoka yekati
ERussia, itholakala kuphela oLwandle iCaspian. Inyoka empunga enamabala amnyama emhlane wayo iyasebenza ebusuku. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sikwazi ukukhasa ezindaweni ezibushelelezi eziqonde mpo, ehlathini nasezihlahleni, zilenga emagatsheni. Amagundane, amachwane, izibankwa ziwela emlonyeni wenyoka yekati. Isirhubuluzi uqobo sinomuntu. Uqothula lezi zinhlobo ngokulingana nezinyoka.
Ukuqothuka kweMpumalanga Ekude
Kutholakala kuphela esiQhingini saseKunashir. Lapha, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlala eduze neziphethu ezishisayo namagiza. Izintwala ziyayithanda imfudumalo yazo. Isibankwa sifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-18 ubude. Isilwane sinomsila ogqamile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemivimbo emnyama ezinhlangothini.
Yilapho ulwazi lwezazi zezilwane lilinganiselwe. Ama-Skinks ayivelakancane eRussia kangangokuba izici zokuzalela azikasungulwa. Kuphela kuzalwa izibankwa esezakhiwe, noma kuzalwa amaqanda kuphela. Akwaziwa nokuthi ama-skinks ayazikhathalela yini izingane zawo. Ama-subspecies aseMelika, isibonelo, enza lokhu.
IGyurza
Inyoka iyabulala, eyezinyoka. Phakathi kokugcina, i-gyurza ingumdondoshiya. ERussia, iRed Book itholakala eTranscaucasus. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa inyoka hhayi ngosayizi wayo kuphela, kodwa nangethoni yayo efanayo ensundu.
Isikhathi sokuzingela seGyurza asincikile esikhathini sosuku nesimo sezulu. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, lesi silwane sikhona nasemhlabeni wonke, senzeka ezintabeni, nasemathafeni, nasezihlahleni ezihlabayo. Ungakhululeka ebusika kuphela.
Ngalesi sikhathi, isirhubuluzi sikhwela emigodini futhi asinamatheli ekhaleni laso. Njengoba iyinyoka eyingozi kakhulu eRussia, igyurza ibhujiswa ngabantu. Ukuvinjelwa kweRed Book akubayekisi. Ukwesaba izimpilo zabo kunamandla.
Izimpungushe zeRed Book yaseRussia
UMotley Aphrodite
Yisibungu solwandle esinomzimba oval. Isilwane emuva sinesinqe, kanti isisu siyisicaba. Ungahlangana oLwandle lwaseJapan. Ukutholwa okungaqhelile kwenziwa lapha. Kulula ukuqaphela isibungu, sifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-13 ubude nangu-6 ububanzi.
Zheleznyak
Umbungu omkhulu ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-24 ubude namamilimitha ayi-10 ubukhulu. Isilwane sigcwalisa inhlabathi yobumba, lapho sicwila khona ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-34. Insimbi ingahamba kuze kube manje ngenkathi eyomile ifuna umswakama.
I-chaetopterus ephakanyisiwe
Ifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15 ubude no-1.5 ububanzi. Umzimba wombungu unezigaba ezi-3 ezinezigaba ezahlukahlukene. ERussia, chaetopterus uhlala eSakhalin, enhlabathini enesihlabathi. Kuze kube manje, okutholakele akuvamile.
Ezindaweni ezishisayo, isibungu sivamile. Ngakho-ke ukutholakala kwezilwane eziningi eRed Book laseRussia kulinganiselwe. Abanye, kunalokho, bahlala kuphela ezindaweni ezivulekile zasekhaya ngisho nalapha ngokulangazelela.
