Imikhomo ingenye yezakhamizi zasendulo kakhulu emhlabeni wethu, ngoba yavela ngaphambi kwethu - abantu, eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingamashumi amahlanu edlule. I-Bowhead whale, i-polar whale, engaphansi kwe-suborder yemikhomo ye-baleen engenamazinyo, futhi ukuphela kwento emele uhlobo lwe-bowhead whale.
Yonke impilo yami umkhomo wamakhanda uhlala emanzini asezindaweni ezisempumalanga kuphela engxenyeni esenyakatho yomhlaba wethu. Uhlala ezimeni ezinesihluku kangangoba cishe akunakwenzeka ngomuntu ukuba lapho ukuze amfundele kangcono.
Emakhulwini amabili eminyaka edlule IsiGreenlandic umkhomo wabusa kulo lonke i-Arctic Ocean. Izinhlobo zayo zahlukaniswa zaba ama-subspecies amathathu, afuduka emihlambini kuyo yonke indawo ezungeze i-Arctic Circle. Imikhumbi yayihamba cishe phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezazidlula.
Njengamanje, inani labo lehle kakhulu, ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi akusekho imikhomo engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi esele. Isibonelo, oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk kunamakhulu amane kuphela wabo. Akuvamile ukubonakala emanzini oLwandle lwaseMpumalanga yeSiberia nolwaseChukchi. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala eBeaufort naseBering Seas.
Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu zingacwila kalula ekujuleni kwamamitha angamakhulu amathathu, kepha zikhetha ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi isikhathi esithe xaxa.
Kuchazwa umkhomo okhanda umnsalo, Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ikhanda lakhe lithatha ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zesilwane sonke. Abesilisa bakhula ngamamitha ayishumi nesishiyagalombili ubude, abesifazane babo bakhulu - amamitha angamashumi amabili nambili.
Ekuseni okugcwele kwamandla okuluhlaza okotshani imikhomo isisindo amathani ayikhulu, kepha kunezibonelo ezikhula zifike kumathani ayikhulu namashumi amahlanu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izilwane ezinkulu kangaka zinamahloni ngokwemvelo.
Futhi ukukhuphukela phezulu, uma i-seagull noma i-cormorant ihleli ngomhlane, umkhomo, ngokwesaba, ngeke unqikaze ukushona ekujuleni futhi uzolinda lapho kuze kufike izinyoni ezesabayo.
Ugebhezi lomkhomo lukhulu kakhulu, umlomo ugoqekile ngokuma kohlamvu lwesiNgisi oluguquliwe "V", futhi amehlo amancane anamathiselwe ngqo emaphethelweni emakhoneni alo. Imikhomo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Bowhead ayiboni kahle, futhi ayinuki nakancane.
Umhlathi ongezansi mkhulu kunowaphezulu, ucindezelwe kancane uye phambili; uqukethe i-vibrissae, okungukuthi, umqondo wokuthinta umkhomo. Isilevu sakhe esikhulu sipendwe mhlophe. Impumulo uqobo lwenhlanzi incishisiwe futhi ibukhali ngasekugcineni.
Umzimba wonke wesilwane esincelisayo ubushelelezi-optic, umbala ompunga noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala. Isikhumba sangaphandle somkhomo, ngokungafani nozakwabo, asimboziwe nganoma yiziphi iziqu nezinduna. Yimikhomo esezindaweni ezibandayo engangenwa yizifo ezinjengamagciwane nezintwala zomkhomo.
Isiphetho somhlane ngemuva komkhomo asikho nhlobo, kepha kukhona ama-hump amabili. Zibonakala kahle uma ubheka isilwane eceleni. Amaphiko, atholakala engxenyeni ye-thoracic yesilwane, abanzi ngokwanele esisekelweni sawo, amafushane, futhi amathiphu awo ahlelwe kahle, njengezigwedlo ezimbili. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inhliziyo yemikhomo ekhanda lomnsalo isisindo esingaphezudlwana kwamakhulu amahlanu amakhilogremu futhi icishe ilingane nemoto.
Imikhomo ye-Bowhead inentshebe enkulu kunazo zonke, ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela kumamitha amahlanu. Amadevu, noma amadevu, atholakala emlonyeni ezinhlangothini zombili, kukhona cishe ama-350 awo ohlangothini ngalunye.
La amadevu awagcini nje ngokuba made, kodwa futhi mancane, ngenxa yokuqina kwawo, ngisho inhlanzi encane kunazo zonke ayidluli esiswini somkhomo. Isilwane sivikeleke ngokuthembekile emanzini aneqhwa oLwandle lwaseNyakatho ngamafutha aso angaphansi, ubukhulu besendlalelo salo ngamasentimitha angamashumi ayisikhombisa.
Engxenyeni ye-parietal yekhanda lenhlanzi yomkhomo kunezingqimba ezimbili ezinkulu, lesi yisibhobo lapho sikhipha khona imithombo yamanzi amamitha ayisikhombisa ngamandla obhubhisayo. Lesi silwane esincelisayo sinamandla amakhulu kangangokuthi siqhekeza izintaba zeqhwa eziwugqinsi ngamasentimitha angamashumi amathathu ngobunzima baso. Ubude bomsila ngaphesheya komkhomo we-polar cishe ngamamitha ayishumi. Imiphetho yayo ikhonjwe ngokucijile, futhi kunokudangala okukhulu phakathi komsila.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yomkhomo we-bowhead
Njengoba usuvele uyazi, Indawo yokuhlala yaseGreenland polar imikhomo ziguquka njalo, azihlali endaweni eyodwa, kepha ziyafuduka njalo. Ngokuqala kwemfudumalo yasentwasahlobo, izilwane ezincelisayo, zihlangene ngomhlambi, zisondela enyakatho.
Indlela yabo ayilula, ngoba amabhlogo amakhulu eqhwa ayabavimba. Ngemuva kwalokho izinhlanzi kufanele ziklelise ngendlela ekhethekile - njengesikole noma njengezinyoni ezifudukayo - emgqeni.
Okokuqala, ngamunye wabo angadla ngokukhululeka, futhi okwesibili, njengoba bekleliswe ngale ndlela, kulula kakhulu ukuthi bacindezele izintaba zeqhwa futhi banqobe izithiyo ngokushesha okukhulu. Yebo, ngokuqala kwezinsuku zasekwindla, bona, sebebuthene ndawonye futhi, babuyela emuva ndawonye.
Imikhomo ichitha sonke isikhathi sayo samahhala ngokuhlukile, icwila njalo, ifuna ukudla, noma inyukela phezulu. Zitshuza kancane ziye ekujuleni, imizuzu eyi-10-15, bese zigxumela ngaphandle ukuyokhipha umoya, zikhulule imithombo yamanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bagxuma baphume ngokuthakazelisayo, ekuqaleni, kuqhuma umlilo omkhulu phezulu, bese kuba uhhafu womzimba. Khona-ke, kungalindelekile, umkhomo ngokuzumayo ugingqikela ohlangothini lwawo bese uphenduka phezu kwawo. Uma isilwane silimele, siyohlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside, cishe ihora elilodwa.
Abaphenyi bafunde ukuthi imikhomo yamakhanda e-bowhead ilala kanjani. Zikhuphukela phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka phezulu bese ziyalala. Njengoba umzimba, ngenxa yongqimba lwamafutha, ugcina kahle emanzini, umkhoma uyalala.
Ngalesi sikhathi, umzimba awucwasi ngokushesha uye ezansi, kepha ucwila kancane kancane. Sifikile ekujuleni okuthile, isilwane senza ukushaya okucijile ngomsila waso omkhulu, sibuye sinyukele phezulu.
Idla ngani i-bowhead whale?
Ukudla kwayo kuqukethe ama-crustaceans amancane, amaqanda ezinhlanzi kanye namafry, ama-pterygopods. Wehlela ekujuleni, futhi ngejubane lamakhilomitha angamashumi amabili ngehora, evula umlomo wakhe ngangokunokwenzeka, uqala ukuhlunga inani elikhulu lamanzi.
Amadevu akhe mancane kangangokuba amaplangwe angaphansi kwamamilimitha amathathu ahlala kuwo akhothwa ngokushesha ngolimi lwawo futhi agwinywe yinjabulo. Ukuze athole inhlanzi enjalo eyanele, udinga ukudla okungenani amathani amabili okudla ngosuku.
Kepha-ke, ngesikhathi sekwindla-sasebusika, imikhomo ayidli lutho isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yonyaka. Basindiswa endlaleni ngamanani amakhulu amafutha aqoqwe ngumzimba.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila somkhomo we-bowhead
Ukuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana kwemikhomo kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Abantu bobulili besilisa, njengoba kufanele bona, baziqambela futhi bacule ama-serenade ngokwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqala konyaka ozayo, baqhamuka nengoma entsha bangaziphindi.
Imikhomo ifaka yonke imicabango yabo ngezisusa ezintsha, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokukhethwa okukodwa, kepha nakwabanye besifazane abaningi, ukuze wonke umuntu azi ukuthi hlobo luni lomuntu omuhle ohlala endaweni leyo. Phela, njengabo bonke abantu, banesithembu.
Lalela ukuvota IsiGreenlandic umkhomo kakhulu kuyaheha... Abantu ababuka imikhomo egcinwe ekuthunjweni bathi eminyakeni edlule lesi silwane siyakwazi ukubonisa imisindo eyenziwe ngabantu.
Imikhomo, phakathi kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, yenza imisindo ephezulu kakhulu, futhi izintokazi ziyayizwa, ingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu ukusuka kuzo. Ngosizo lwe-vibrissae, izilwane ezincelisayo zithatha imisindo efinyelela esithweni sokuzwa. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa komkhomo wesifazane sihlala izinyanga eziyishumi nantathu. Ngemuva kwalokho ubeletha ingane eyodwa, futhi ngomunye unyaka uzomncelisa ubisi lwakhe.
Ubisi lomkhomo lukhulu kangangokuba ukungaguquguquki kwalo kungafaniswa nobukhulu bomuthi wokuxubha. Njengoba amafutha alo angamaphesenti angamashumi amahlanu, futhi liqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni.
Izingane zizalwa zinongqimba lwamafutha azozivikela ku-hypothermia, amamitha amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa ubude. Kepha ngonyaka, benceliswa ibele kuphela, bakhula ngokuhloniphekile, futhi bafinyelela kumamitha ayishumi nanhlanu ubude futhi banesisindo samathani angama-50-60.
Ngempela, ngosuku lokuqala kuphela emva kokuzalwa, ingane ithola cishe amalitha ayikhulu obisi lukamama. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinemibala elula kunabazali bazo. Ziyindilinga futhi zifana nomgqomo omkhulu.
Umsila womkhomo we-Bowhead
Abesifazane bangomama abakhathalelayo kakhulu, abagcini nje ngokondla izingane zabo, kodwa futhi bayabavikela ezitheni. Ngokubona umkhoma obulalayo eduzane, umama uzoshaya umuntu owonile ngomsila wakhe omkhulu.
Ngokuzayo lapho umkhomo wesifazane ukhulelwa ngemuva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu. Esibalweni semikhomo yonke esephila manje, amaphesenti ayishumi nanhlanu kuphela abesifazane abakhulelwe.
Imikhomo ye-Bowhead iphila cishe iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Kepha, njengoba wazi, babhekwa njengekhulu leminyaka. Futhi izingqapheli zesayensi zaziqopha amacala amaningi lapho imikhomo iphila iminyaka engamakhulu amabili noma ngaphezulu.
Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa yekhulu elidlule IsiGreenlandic imikhomo kwethulwe eNcwadini Ebomvu njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, ngoba zazinolaka, ukuzingela okungalawuleki. Ekuqaleni, abadobi babecosha leyo mikhomo eyafa futhi bakhukhuleka osebeni ngamanzi.
Basebenzise amanoni nenyama yabo njengokudla okutholakala kalula futhi okubalulekile. Kepha akukho mkhawulo ekuhaheni kwabantu, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni baqala ukubabulala ukuze babathengise. Namuhla, ukuzingela imikhomo akuvunyelwe futhi kujeziswa ngumthetho. Ngeshwa, amacala okuzingela azange amiswe.
