Inhlonhlo yaseCrimea ayinkulu kangako uma iqhathaniswa nenhlonhlo yaseBalkan, Iberia noma iKamchatka. Kepha inemvelo ethakazelisa kakhulu ngenxa yendawo yayo ehlukile. ICrimea itholakala cishe ebangeni elifanayo ukusuka eNyakatho Pole nasenkabazwe. Inendawo enselele nesimo sezulu esixubekile.
Ngakho-ke, izilwane zasenhlonhlo ziyamangaza ekuqaleni kwayo. Ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwezinye izindawo eziseduze, idume ngezilwane ezihlala khona (ezitholakala kuphela kule ndawo yokuhlala). Uma ubheka inhlonhlo usuka endaweni ephakeme, ungabona inyoni indiza nenani elithile lomcabango. Futhi akusizi ngalutho, ngoba isifunda esivundile sinezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-336, ososayensi abahlukaniswe ngokwemibandela ngezigaba ezi-3:
- - yokwakha izidleke izinyoni zaseCrimea... Lesi yisigaba esikhulu, esiqukethe cishe ama-60% azo zonke izinyoni. Lokhu kufaka hlangana izibonelo zokuhlala kanye nokufuduka. Ngokwesilinganiso sezinombolo, zihlukaniswe cishe ngokulinganayo.
- - izinyoni ezingezona izidleke. Lezi zingabizwa ngokuthi zonke izinyoni ezifudukayo noma ezindizayo, inani lazo cishe liyi-30% yengqikithi. ICrimea isendleleni yokufuduka kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, bayajabula ukuma ukuze baphumule "e-resort". Izinyoni ezifudukayo eCrimea zisiza kakhulu ngoba zibulala ngokuphelele izinambuzane eziyingozi, ukuma ukuphumula. Izinyoni zendawo azihlali zibhekana nalo msebenzi.
- — izinyoni zasebusika zaseCrimea... Kukhona kuphela i-10% yazo, izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-17, kufaka phakathi amashumi amane, abagawuli bezinkuni, amatiki, ama-waxwings, ondlunkulu, ama-swans, amadada ampunga. Ehlathini lasebusika ungathola ama-pikas nezikhova ezinamaqabunga amade.
Inhlonhlo inezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni, izinhlobo ezingama-90 azivamile, eziningi zibhalwe kuRed Book. Sizoqala kancane kancane ukujwayelana nezinyoni zezintaba, izigodi, ama-steppes eCrimea. Lokhu kuzoba uhlu olude, kufaka phakathi amaphepha amafushane kwabanye abamele.
Okokuqala, ake sicabange ngezindawo ezimbili zaseCrimea - inqe elimnyama nenqe. Bangabhekwa njengabavamile, ngoba abantu abahlala bodwa basindile kule nhlonhlo.
- Inqe likaGriffon... Inyoni enkulu edla inyama, enamaphiko afinyelela kumamitha angu-2.7 ubude. Unekhanda elincane ngokungenakuqhathaniswa elimbozwe ukumhlophe okumhlophe. Abesilisa nabesifazane abahlukile ngombala - izimpaphe zinsundu ngemuva futhi ziphuzi esiswini.
Kuyasinda ukuphakamisa ebusweni bomhlaba, ngakho-ke inqe lithanda ukusuka esihlahleni noma egqumeni. Idla kuphela izidumbu. Akavamile ukumemeza, yize ethathwa njengomuntu "okhulumayo" phakathi kwezinye izihlobo.
Lalela izwi lenqe legriffon
Ngemuva kokulalela izwi lenqe, kuyacaca ngokushesha ukuthi kungani abizwa kanjalo
- Inqe elimnyama... Ngaphandle kwencazelo yokuthi "mnyama", kunombala onsundu ngombala. Ummeleli omkhulu wezinyoni, ubude obufinyelela ku-1 m, amaphiko afinyelela ku-1.8 m, isisindo esingu-7-12 kg. Uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umonki onentshebe" ngenxa yendawo emnyama yezimpaphe ngaphansi komlomo wakhe nasemphinjeni wakhe (hhayi ukudideka nendoda enentshebe, enye yezinyoni eziyivelakancane emhlabeni).
Intamo inomlomo oqondile, ogobile. Kunezimpaphe ezimbalwa ekhanda, isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sikhanya kuzo. Inyoni edla inyama efile.
IVulture inyoni enkulu kakhulu enomlomo omkhulu ogobile
Izilwane ezinkulu ezidlayo nazo zifaka phakathi:
- Umkhozi-wenyoka-odla inyoka noma oqhekezayo - inyoni evela eRed Book yaseRussia. Isilwane esikhetha ukondla amaphuphu ngezinyoka. Yize abantu abadala bedla amagundane nezinye izinyoni. Umbala wabesifazane nabesilisa uyefana - onsundu ngokumpunga ngemuva futhi uhlukahluka esiswini.
Kodwa-ke, "izintokazi" zinkulu "kunamadoda". Uyehluka ngenqubo eyingqayizivele yokondla iphuphu - ukugwinya kwenyoka kuthatha imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kwesigamu sehora. Futhi kuqala ngekhanda kuphela. Ukuqala ngomsila, bayayikhafula bese beqala phansi.
- Ukhozi lwesitepe... Ubungako besilwane esidlayo bucishe bube ngu-90 cm ubude, izimpiko zifinyelela ku-2.3 m. Izinhlobo zinzima futhi ziyesabeka. Izimpaphe zinombala onsundu ngombala wamalahle, zinamachashaza amancane okukhanya, izindawo ezizungeze uqhwaku noju olumnyama amehlo ahlakaniphile avelele ngokusobala.
- Osprey. Unomlomo ocijile noxhumeke phansi. Inhloko nesifuba kucishe kumhlophe, izimpiko nomhlane kunsundu ansundu. Njengabahlaseli abaningi, abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa.
I-osprey ungayihlukanisa nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama ngezimpaphe ezikhanyayo zekhanda nezidladla
- Ukhozi lwesinqe... Iseduze kokhozi ngosayizi, kepha inokubonakala kokhozi. Unamahlombe abanzi, ukundiza kulayini oqondile netarsus enezimpaphe ezinzwaneni (ingxenye evulekile yezidladla).
- Indawo yokungcwaba. Lolu khozi lwathola leli gama kuphela ngekhulu le-19. Wayevame ukubonwa eduze kwamangcwaba kanye namangcwaba, ehlezi esihlahleni. Kunenkolelo yokuthi ungcwaba izihlobo zakhe. Inyoni enkulu, efana nokhozi olusagolide, olunezimpaphe ezinhle eziguquguqukayo kanye nomsila omude oqondile.
- Ukhozi olunemisila emhlophe... Inyoni enkulu futhi enhle yokudla. Ihlukaniswa yizimpaphe zomsila ezimhlophe njengeqhwa noqhwaku olukhulu oluphuzi.
- Ukhozi olusegolide. Kubhekwa njengokhozi olukhulu kunawo wonke. Ubukhulu bayo bufinyelela kuma-95 cm, kanti amaphiko ayo afinyelela ku-2.4 m. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-6.5 kg. Iphrofayili eqhoshayo neqinile yokhozi lwegolide ivame ukusetshenziselwa izithombe ezigqokweni zezingalo, izindondo namalogo. Ihluke ngokubona okubukhali.
- Inqe... Inyoni yedwala ekhetha ukuhlala ngamaqembu amancane. Yondla ngayo yonke into, ngisho imifino nezithelo. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-landfill kuvamile. Ngaphandle, kubukeka njengenkukhu enkulu emhlophe mpofu, kuphela ikhanda elinomlomo elithengisa umhlaseli.
Kunezimpaphe ezimbalwa ekhanda, iningi limbozwe ngesikhumba esiphuzi, uqhwaku ngumthunzi ofanayo. Izimpaphe ezingavamile ngemuva kwekhanda zivame ukuba nokubukeka okuthele.
- I-Balaban. Lesi yisidlakela esivela emndenini woheshe. Empeleni, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukhozi lokuzingela. Inombolo yehla njalo ngenxa yokushushumbisa nezinguquko ezindaweni zokuhlala zemvelo.
Inani le-balaban falcon liyancipha minyaka yonke
- I-Peregrine Falcon. Isilwane esinezimpaphe esisheshayo. Ubungako begwababa elikhulu. Izimpaphe zidwetshwe ngemvubu yamagagasi amnyama ampunga. Umphimbo nesifuba kukhanya, izindawo eziphuzi kancane eduze komlomo omnyama. Amehlo ansundu, azungezwe umngcele wesikhumba esimnyama, ngakho-ke abukeka ekhukhumala.
Ukhozi olusheshayo lwe-peregrine
- Isikhova... Isidlakela esikhulu sasebusuku. Ingubo yakhe ingaphanjaniswa nemivimbo yezintambo zasehhotela ezinamaqhuqhuva. Le nyoni ayiveli futhi iyabonakala kakhulu - amehlo anhlaka ayindilinga kanye "nezindlebe" - izindawo eziphumayo zezimpaphe ngaphezu kwamehlo. Kodwa-ke, kungekudala sizokwazi ukumbona kuphela ku-albhamu "Izinyoni zaseCrimea esithombeni". Ihlonishwa kakhulu phakathi kwabakhokhi bentela njengesikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele.
"Izinyoni zezindiza eziphakeme" noma izakhamuzi zezintaba zaseCrimea zimelwe yilezi zinyoni ezilandelayo:
- I-white-bellied swift. Yize isincane ngosayizi wayo - ubude obufinyelela kuma-23 cm, amaphiko afinyelela kuma-59 cm, le flyer eliyingqayizivele liyakwazi ukuhlala emoyeni isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphandle kokufika. Umzimba wayo u-oblong futhi uhlelekile, umpunga onsundu ngaphezulu nomhlophe esifubeni. Yondla ngqo endizeni, kuzo zonke izinambuzane eziwela endleleni. Zakha emakoloni emadwaleni.
Kuyaqabukela ubone inja enamakhanda amhlophe ihleli, inyoni ize izondle nangalokho ekubambe emoyeni
- Ingwevu empunga... Inyoni yokuzingela enezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezimpunga. Imivimbo ebomvu ibonakale ezinhlangothini nasemsileni. Ikhanda eliseduze nomlomo nalo libomvu ngokubomvu. Isifanekiso sokuhlala phansi, asikwazi ukubekezelela izindiza ezinde.
- I-Spotted Rock Thrush. Inyoni engajwayelekile, ijwayele ukuhlala ngambili noma ngamaqembu amancane emaweni.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwentaba... Inyoni encane, ehambayo, enemigqa emnyama emuva nesisu esiphaphathekile esiwolintshi. Abesilisa bakhanya bhá kunabesifazane.
- I-Wagtail. Umsila wakhe omude, oqondile unomkhuba wokudlidliza, lapho athola khona isidlaliso. IMountain Wagtail inesisu esiphaphathekile esiphuzi nezindawo ezimhlophe ezinhlangothini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isembatho sokukhwelana sowesilisa sigcwaliswa ngomphimbo omnyama.
I-wagtail isivakashi esivamile emigwaqweni yaseCrimea
- Isivakashi saseCrimea - simnene futhi sihlakaniphile intendele noma itshe... Umzimba ohlangene we-beige-pink. Amaphiko anemivimbo, ngaphezulu kwamehlo naseduze kwekhola - umugqa omnyama ohlukile ngesimo semaski yomgexo. Umlomo ubomvu, umsila uqonde, ubude obuphakathi.
Ithafa lomqansa wokuqala wezintaba zaseCrimea libizwa yalami... Kunezindawo eziningi ezinamadwala lapha, isimo sezulu sinzima kakhulu kunasemaphandleni. Izindawo ezinjalo zizikhethele zona:
- Isitofu esivamile - inyoni encane evela emndenini we-flycatcher. Izingubo zomshado zesilisa zihlotshiswe ngomugqa omnyama ngamehlo, onqenqemeni olunemiphetho emhlophe.
Esithombeni, i-wheatear yowesilisa nowesifazane
- Ihhashi lasendle... Inyoni ebukeka nondescript evela emndenini we-wagtail. Izimpaphe zinokubonakala kokufihla - mpunga-beige-motley. Ngesikhathi sendiza yamanje, ikhipha ukucula okunomsindo.
- Linnet noma repol... Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, eyeduna ihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezibomvu esifubeni, kumqhele nasebunzini. Owesifazane uhlala ebukeka enesizotha ngokwengeziwe. Banamahloni kakhulu futhi izinyoni zasendle zaseCrimea... Zivame ukugcinwa emakhaya ukucula okumnandi, ngaphandle kokuthi ziziphatha ngokungaphumuli ngokwedlulele, zishaya emabhahleni ekheji, futhi zithuthumele kunoma yikuphi ukunyakaza komuntu noma kwesilwane.
I-Linnet male inezimpaphe zesifuba ezibomvu
- I-Field lark - inyoni eyodwa yezingoma eCrimea. Ayinkulu kakhulu kunondlunkulu, umzimba wayo nomsila kunabile futhi kuyashiyana ngombala. Eyesilisa inkulu kunensikazi futhi icula kakhulu. Ama-roulades angenabugovu avame ukuzwakala ngenkathi yokugunda ngesikhathi sokugunda indiza.
- UKestrel... Kukholakala ukuthi igama lalo mmeleli kakhekhoba livela egameni "elingenalutho" noma "elingakulungele ukuzingela." Noma kunjalo, isetshenziswa ngempumelelo njengenyoni yokuzingela. Esikhundleni salokho, amandla okubheka inyamazane endaweni evulekile - "eyokwalusa" - iguqulwe yaba "i-pastel", yabe seyenziwa i-kestrel.
Izinyoni ezilandelayo zihlala emithambekeni yehlathi le-Main Ridge:
- Umqhumuki Omkhulu Onamabala... Ukuhleleka kwehlathi, inyoni enkulu emndenini wayo, ubukhulu be-thrush. Inezimpaphe ezinemibala egqamile ngephethini eliyinkimbinkimbi elimnyama nelomhlophe. Ngemuva kwekhanda nangaphansi kwesisu, njengenjwayelo, izindawo ezibomvu zibonakala ("ikepisi lekhadinali kanye ne-buckle").
- I-Nuthatch... Uhamba ngobunyoninco esihlahleni, njengokungathi ukhasa, kwesinye isikhathi ubheke phansi. Ubizwa ngokuthi "umqeqeshi" wemisindo "tzi-it", okusikhumbuza impempe "yabaqeqeshi bamabanga amade".
INuthatch ihamba kalula esiqwini somuthi ngisho sibheke phansi
- UKlest-elovik... Isici sesici ngumlomo onamathiphu we-criss-cross. Umlandeli omkhulu wembewu ye-spruce. Kancane kancane kunondlunkulu, abesilisa babomvu klebhu, abesifazane bampunga ohlaza okotshani namathiphu aphuzi ezimpikweni.
Uqhwaku lwe-crossbill lwenzelwe ukuthi imbewu ekhonjiwe ixoshwe kalula
- I-Kinglet... Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lena "inyoni yezingoma". Umlomo uqotho futhi mncane, umsila unenothi elincane. ECrimea, kukhona i-kinglet enamakhanda aphuzi, enezimpaphe kumathoni aphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, nekhanda eligolide eliphuzi emqhele.
- I-wren noma i-nut... Inyoni encane kakhulu, efiphele, engafika ku-10 cm ngosayizi. Cishe uhhafu wosayizi wondlunkulu ovamile. Kepha ucula ngokuzwakalayo nangobumnandi, anezinhlobonhlobo zama-trill.
- Zaryanka. Ummeleli we-Flycatcher. Bambiza kanjalo ngesifuba sakhe esikhanyayo esiwolintshi. Zonke ezinye izimpaphe ziyimpunga yomnqumo. Ingoma kamarobhothi iyakhala, i-iridescent futhi imnandi kakhulu. Iqala ekuseni kakhulu iphele kusihlwa.
- Isikhova esimnyama imele izilwane ezidla amahlathi. Uyakwazi ukwethusa nge-hooting yakhe futhi cishe "nobuso" bomuntu. Isikhova sisho "okungadleki", le nyoni ayikaze isetshenziselwe ukudla. Bathi phakathi kwamaSlavs asendulo, kwakuthathwa njengokungaphephile ukuhlangana naye, futhi ikakhulukazi ukumbulala. Abaningi babona umoya wehlathi kuye. Umzingeli uqobo uzingela ngobuhlakani wonke umuntu omncane kunaye.
Ondlunkulu kanye namagosheni bazingela ehlathini emini. Phakathi kwezinyoni ezizingelayo emahlathini, ungathola i-woodcock ne-sandpiper emnyama.
- Izinkuni. Inyoni enhle yasebusuku, ethandwa kakhulu ngabazingeli ngesimo sayo esithobekile nangosayizi omkhulu. Ezinsukwini zakudala eRussia, yayibizwa nge- "hog sandpiper" ngomthethosisekelo wayo ominyene nenyama enamanzi.
- Kulik-mnyama ngosayizi osondele kunenkanyezi. Ipendiwe ngamathoni ansundu amnyama anamachashazi amhlophe. Imvamisa ibizwa nge "white-tailed" ngenxa yomsila wayo okhipha ukukhanya. Uthanda amahlathi asemaxhaphozini.
- Ihhashi lasehlathini - inyoni encane ecishe ilingane nondlunkulu.
- Ukukhohlakala - ithathwa njengesikhulu kunabo bonke bohlobo lwayo, ibukeka njenge-thrush yengoma.
- Igwababa - "isicukuthwane" phakathi kwezinyoni zehlathi, mkhulu, unamandla futhi undiza kahle.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zingabonakala emahlathini axubene ezigodini nasezigodini zemifula. Kuhlala khona ama-chaffinches, amahhashi asehlathini, ama-tits, ama-flycatcher, ama-warblers, ama-cuckoos, ama-redstarts Futhi nama-rook, izinkanyezi, ama-Roller, amaJuba amaFudu, izimpungushe ezibomvu.
Izintaba zaseCrimea azicebile kangako ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni. Unyaka wonke uhlala e-steppe:
- I-Bustard... Inyoni enkulu, into yokuzingela ethandwayo. Usayizi wayo ucishe ulingane neTurkey. Ugijima ngokushesha emhlabathini, futhi ngokungajwayelekile, undiza kahle.
- Izigwaca. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amaqanda ezigwaca alusizo kangakanani futhi abaningi bafundile ukuthi izigwaca zazithoswa kanjani emlilweni phambilini. Banenyama emnandi futhi ethambile njengenkukhu. Ngokwesimo sayo esingenangqondo, izigwaca zazisetshenziswa ngaphambili njengomhlanganyeli ezimpini zezinyoni. Kodwa-ke, manje abaningi bayigcina ekhaya njengenyoni yezingoma.
- I-Bustard... Ungowomndeni we-bustard. Usayizi wenkukhu. Ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha usuka phansi, ushaya amaphiko akhe nomzimba wakhe wonke, njengokungathi uyanyakaza lapho undiza. Ngasohlangothini kubonakala sengathi ulenga endaweni, yize ehamba ngejubane ngokwanele.
Abaningi izinyoni ze-steppe zaseCrimea zithathwa njengezisengozini enkulu. Isibonelo, i-sandpiper-tirkusha, i-sandpiper-avdotka kanye ne-bustard encane esivele ishiwo.
Amabhande amahlathi asezintabeni amadala ahlala khona: i-shrike (i-shrike nobuso obumnyama), i-bunting, i-greenfinch, i-nightjar, i-turtle-dove, i-oriole. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ungathola i-hoopoe "engaculi" ne-magpie. Futhi osebeni lwamachibi, ama-cormorants, ama-petrels, ukudilika, ama-shelled, ama-gulls, ama-swans akhalayo, ama-tern kanye nezindwandwe zihlala unyaka wonke.
Futhi, ekugcineni, izinyoni eziningi zihlala emapaki amahlathi nasedolobheni, eduze kwabantu - izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-22. Phakathi kwazo, yiqiniso, ondlunkulu, ama-jackdaws, ama-goldfinches, ama-rook, i-linnet, ama-finches, entwasahlobo izinyoni zezingoma zaseCrimea zigcwaliswa ngama-nightingales.
