Oshaka yizilwane ezidla ezinye zasolwandle. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ezindala kakhulu zethulwa ngokungavamile ngokungafani: abamele abancane bafinyelela ku-20 cm, futhi abakhulu - 20 m ubude.
Izinhlobo ezivamile zoshaka
Kuphela amagama oshaka izothatha ikhasi elingaphezu kwelilodwa. Ekwahlukanisweni, kukhona ama-oda ayi-8 ezinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-450, ezintathu kuphela zazo ezondla nge-plankton, ezinye ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye. Eminye imindeni ijwayele ukuhlala emanzini ahlanzekile.
Zingaki izinhlobo zoshaka ukhona emvelweni empeleni, umuntu angaqagela kuphela, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala abantu ababecatshangwa ukuthi bengenathemba emlandweni.
Oshaka bohlobo nezinhlobo bahlanganiswa baba ngamaqembu:
- karcharida (karcharid);
- amazinyo amaningi (izinkomo, izimpondo);
- polygill emise (multigill);
- i-lamniform;
- kufana ne-wobbegong;
- i-pylonose;
- katraniform (ameva);
- abamele umzimba-flat.
Ngaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezidlayo, oshaka bayafana kuzici zesakhiwo
- isisekelo samathambo ezinhlanzi izicubu ze-cartilage;
- zonke izinhlobo ziphefumula umoya-mpilo ngokusebenzisa izigaxa ze-gill;
- ukungabi nesibindi sokubhukuda;
- iphunga elibukhali - igazi lingazwakala kude ngamakhilomitha ambalwa.
I-Carcharid (karcharid) oshaka
Kutholakala emanzini e-Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Ocean, eMedithera, eCaribbean, Olwandle Olubomvu. Izinhlobo eziyingozi zoshaka... Abamele abajwayelekile:
Ushaka wengwe (ingwe)
Kuyaziwa ngokudlanga kwayo ezindaweni ezisogwini zaseMelika, eNdiya, eJapan nase-Australia. Igama libonisa umbala wezilwane ezidlayo, ngokufana nephethini yengwe. Imivimbo eguqukayo engemuva elimpunga iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho ushaka ekhula ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ubude, bese eba bomvu.
Usayizi omkhulu ongafika kumamitha angu-5.5. Izilwane ezihahayo zigwinya ngisho nezinto ezingadleki. Bona uqobo bayinto yokuhweba - isibindi, isikhumba, amaphiko ezinhlanzi ayabaluleka. Oshaka bavundile kakhulu: kufika ku-80 ukuzalwa okuphilayo kuzalwa kudoti owodwa.
Ushaka we-Hammerhead
Ihlala emanzini afudumele olwandle. Ubude berekhodi lesifanekiso esikhulu buqoshwe kumamitha ayi-6.1. Isisindo sabamele abakhulu sifinyelela kuma-500 kg. Ukubukeka koshaka okungajwayelekile, okukhulu. Isiphetho sangemuva sifana nesikela. Isando sicishe siqonde phambili. Izisulu eziyizintandokazi - ama-stingray, imisebe enobuthi, ama-seahorses. Ziletha inzalo njalo eminyakeni emibili, izinsana ezingama-50-55. Kuyingozi kubantu.
Ushaka we-Hammerhead
Usilika (Florida) ushaka
Ubude bomzimba bungu-2.5-3.5 m. Isisindo singama-350 kg. Umbala ufaka imibala ehlukahlukene yamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-metallic sheen. Izikali zincane kakhulu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umzimba wenhlanzi owenziwe waba lula wethusa ukujula kolwandle.
Isithombe somzingeli ononya sihlotshaniswa nezindaba zokuhlaselwa kwabatshuzi. Bahlala yonke indawo emanzini ngamanzi afudumele aze afike ku-23 ° С.
Ushaka kasilika
Ushaka obuthuntu
Izinhlobo ezinolaka kakhulu koshaka ompunga. Ubude obude bungu-4 m. Amanye amagama: i-bull shark, i-tub-head. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izisulu ezingabantu kubangelwa yilo mdlayo. Uhlala ezifundeni ezisogwini e-Afrika, eNdiya.
Izici ezihlukile zezinhlobo zezinkomo zingukuncishiswa komzimba, isb. ukujwayela emanzini amasha. Ukuvela kukashaka obuthuntu emilonyeni yemifula egelezela olwandle kujwayelekile.
Ushaka obuthuntu namazinyo awo abukhali
Ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Izinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu. Isilinganiso sobude obufinyelela ku-3.8 m, isisindo esingaphezu kwama-200 kg. Yathola igama layo ngombala womzimba wayo omncane. Ushaka uyingozi kubantu. Ingasondela ogwini, iye ekujuleni okukhulu. Ifuduka iwele i-Atlantic.
I-blue shark ifuna ukudla
Ushaka
Abahlali abasezingeni eliphansi losayizi ophakathi. Izinhlobo eziningi kubhekiselwa kuzo njengezinkabi, okudala ukudideka nabantu abayimpunga abayingozi ababizwa ngokuthi izinkunzi. Isikwati sine izinhlobo zikashaka ezingandile, hhayi ingozi kubantu.
Ushaka wedube
Uhlala emanzini angajulile ogwini lwaseJapan, China, Australia. Imivimbo emincane ensundu engemuva okuncane ifana nephethini yedube. Impumulo emfushane ebuthuntu. Akuyona ingozi kubantu.
Ushaka wedube
Ushaka wesigqoko sokuzivikela
Uhlobo olungavamile oluhlala ogwini lwase-Australia. Isikhumba simbozwe ngamazinyo amabi. Umbala ongajwayelekile wamabala amnyama kungemuva elinsundu ngokukhanyayo. Ubude obulinganiselwe bomuntu ngamunye buyimitha eli-1. Idla ama-urchin olwandle nezinto ezincane. Ayinayo inzuzo yezentengiselwano.
Ushaka waseMozambiki
Inhlanzi ingamasentimitha angama-50-60 kuphela ubude.Umzimba onsundu ngokubomvu ugcwele amabala amhlophe. Izinhlobo ezincane ezihloliwe. Idla ama-crustaceans. Kuhlala ogwini lwaseMozambique, iSomalia, neYemen.
Ushaka wePolygill
Leli butho belikhona amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka. Inani elingajwayelekile le-gill slits kanye nesimo esikhethekile samazinyo sehlukanisa okhokho besizwe soshaka. Bahlala emanzini ajulile.
Ushaka we-seven-gill (oqonde ngqo)
Umzimba omncane, onombala womlotha onekhanda elincane. Inhlanzi incane ngosayizi, ifinyelela ku-100-120 cm ubude. Ibonisa umlingiswa onolaka. Ngemuva kokubamba, uzama ukuluma owonile.
Ushaka othosiwe
Ubude, umzimba oguquguqukayo ovulekile cishe u-1.5-2 m. Ikhono lokugoba lifana nenyoka. Umbala unombala onsundu ngokumpunga. Ulwelwesi lwe-gill lwakha amasaka esikhumba afana nengubo. Isidalwa esiyingozi esinezimpande ezivela kuCretaceous. Ushaka ubizwa ngokuthi ifosili ephilayo ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwezimpawu zokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Igama lesibili litholwa ukugoqana okuningi esikhunjeni.
Oshaka beLamnose
Isimo se-torpedo nomsila onamandla kukuvumela ukuthi ubhukude ngokushesha. Abantu abakhulu ngobukhulu babaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo. Oshaka bayingozi kubantu.
Ushaka we-Fox
Isici esivelele sezinhlobo zezingqimba ezingenhla ezinde zomkhawulo we-caudal. Isetshenziswa njengesiswebhu ukubamba inyamazane. Umzimba oyisilinda, onobude obungu-3-4 m, uguqulelwa ukuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezimpungushe zasolwandle zihlunga iplankton - akuzona izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo, inyama inenani lentengiso.
Oshaka abakhulu
Imidondoshiya, engaphezu kwamamitha ayi-15 ubude, ingokwesibili ngobukhulu ngemuva koshaka be-whale. Umbala ubunsundu ngokumpunga. Ihlala kuzo zonke izilwandle ezipholile. Musa ukubeka ingozi kubantu. Idla iplankton.
Okucacile ngokuziphatha ukuthi ushaka uhlala egcina umlomo wakhe uvulekile, ukuhlunga kuhamba amathani amanzi angama-2000 ngehora.
Oshaka besihlabathi
Abahlali abajulile nabahloli bamazwe basogwini ngasikhathi sinye. Izinhlobonhlobo ungazibona ngamakhala aphendukile, ukubukeka okwesabekayo komzimba omkhulu. Kutholakala ezilwandle eziningi ezishisayo nezipholile.
Ubude besilinganiso senhlanzi bungu-3.7 m. Ngokuvamile, oshaka besihlabathi, abaphephile kubantu, badidekile nezidlakela ezimpunga, ezaziwa ngokuba nolaka.
IMako shark (emnyama-amakhala)
Hlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo zemifino efushane kanye nezindala ezinemifino emide. Ngaphezu kwe-Arctic, umhlaseli uhlala kuzo zonke ezinye izilwandle. Ayishiyi ngaphansi kwe-150 m. Usayizi omaphakathi we-mako ufinyelela ku-4 m ubude ngesisindo esingu-450 kg.
Yize kuneqiniso lokuthi abaningi izinhlobo zoshaka ezikhona okuyingozi, umhlaseli ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mpunga uyisikhali esibulalayo esingenakuqhathaniswa. Kuthuthukisa ijubane elikhulu ekuphishekeleni imihlambi ye-mackerel, izicathulo ze-tuna, kwesinye isikhathi ukweqa phezu kwamanzi.
UGoblin Shark (brownie, ubhejane)
Ukubanjwa ngengozi kwenhlanzi engaziwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, cishe nge-1 m ubude, kwaholela ososayensi ekutholakaleni: oshaka abangasekho UScapanorhynchus, owadunyiswa ngokuba khona kweminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-100 eyedlule, uyaphila! Isicubu sempumulo esingajwayelekile senza ukuthi ushaka ubukeke njenge-platypus. Isihambi esedlule saphinde satholakala kaningana ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe yikhulu. Izakhamuzi ezingavamile kakhulu.
Wobbegong Shark
Izici ezikhethekile zamasosha yizinhlobo ezingavamile ezibushelelezi neziyindilinga zabahlaseli phakathi kwezihlobo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zoshaka kuletha ndawonye umbala we-motley nokuqhuma okumangazayo emzimbeni. Abamele abaningi benthic.
Whale shark
Isidlakela esimangalisayo esifinyelela kumamitha angama-20 ubude. Zitholakala emzimbeni wamanzi wezindawo ezishisayo, ezindaweni ezishisayo. Awabekezeleli amanzi abandayo. Isilwane esihle esingenabungozi esidla ama-mollusk ne-crayfish. Abatshuzi bangambambatha emhlane.
Iyamangala ngobuhle bayo nokubukeka kwayo okuyingqayizivele. Amehlo amancane ekhanda eliyisicaba acasha esibayeni sesikhumba uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Amazinyo amancane ahlelwe ngemigqa engama-300, inani lawo liphelele cishe izingcezu eziyi-15,000. Bahlala impilo eyodwa, abavamile ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amancane.
I-Carpal iyabhegong
Esidalweni esingajwayelekile, kunzima ukubona isihlobo sezilwane zasolwandle, ezethusa yonke impilo yasemanzini. I-aerobatics yokufihla iqukethe umzimba oyisicaba ombozwe ezinye izinhlobo zezidwedwe.
Kunzima kakhulu ukubona amaphiko namehlo. Oshaka bavame ukubizwa nge-baleen nentshebe ngomphetho osekhondweni lekhanda. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo okungajwayelekile, oshaka abaphansi bavame ukuba yizilwane ezifuywayo zasemanzini.
I-Zebra shark (ingwe)
Umbala onamabala ukhumbuza kakhulu ingwe, kepha akekho noyedwa ozoshintsha igama elisunguliwe. I-Leopard shark ivame ukutholakala emanzini asolwandle afudumele, ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha angama-60 ngasogwini lolwandle. Ubuhle buvame ukuwela kumalensi wabathwebuli bezithombe abangaphansi kwamanzi.
Zebra ushaka vula isithombe kukhombisa omele isizwe sakhe. Imigqa ebushelelezi yamaphiko nomzimba, ikhanda eliyindilinga, ukubonakala kwesikhumba emzimbeni, umbala ophuzi onsundu wakha ukubukeka okumangazayo. Akakhombisi ulaka kumuntu.
Oshaka bakwaSawnose
Isici esivelele sabamele i-oda sisehlokweni esinezicucu empumulweni, esifana nesaha, izimpondo zezimpondo ezinde. Umsebenzi omkhulu wesitho somzimba ukuthola ukudla. Balima ngokoqobo inhlabathi engezansi uma bezwa inyamazane.
Uma kunengozi, baswayipha isaha, balimaze isitha ngamazinyo abukhali. Isilinganiso sobude bomuntu ngu-1.5 m.Oshaka bahlala emanzini afudumele olwandle ngasogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika, eJapane, e-Australia.
I-pylon enekhala elifushane
Ubude be-sawtooth outgrowth cishe buba ngu-23-24% wobude bezinhlanzi. I- "saw" ejwayelekile yama-congeners ifinyelela kokukodwa kokuthathu kobude bomzimba obuphelele. Umbala u-grey-blue, isisu sikhanya. Oshaka balimaza izisulu zabo ngokushaywa ngesaha, ukuze babadle. Uhola indlela yokuphila wedwa.
Ama-Gnome pilonos (ama-pilonos ase-Afrika)
Kunemininingwane mayelana nokuthunjwa kwama-pilonos amancane (ubude bomzimba angaphansi kwama-60 cm), kepha ayikho incazelo yesayensi. Izinhlobo zoshaka osayizi abancane kakhulu abavamile. Njengezihlobo, baphila impilo engezansi enhlabathini enesihlabathi.
Katran oshaka
Abamele iqembu bahlala cishe yonke indawo kuwo wonke amanzi olwandle nolwandle. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ameva abelokhu efihliwe emaphikweni ezinhlanzi ezinjenge-katran. Kunameva emhlane nasesikhunjeni okulula ukulimala.
Phakathi kwama-katran akukho okuyingozi kubantu. Okuvelele kwezinhlanzi ukuthi zigcwele i-mercury, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwe-spark shark ekudleni akunconywa.
Izinhlobo zoShaka oLwandle Olumnyama zihlanganisa abameleli katranovy, izakhamizi zomdabu zaleli chibi.
I-Silt eseNingizimu
Ihlala ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-400. Umzimba uminyene, umile okokuphotha. Ikhanda likhombe. Umbala onsundu ngokukhanyayo. Izinhlanzi ezinamahloni azinabungozi kubantu. Ungalimala kuphela emeveni nasesikhunjeni esinzima.
Usilika osindayo
Umzimba omkhulu wenhlanzi onesimo sodaka. Ihlala ekujuleni okukhulu. Kuncane okufundwe. Abantu ababanjwa kaningi ngoshaka onameva amafushane bahlangana nokudotshwa kolwandle olujulile.
Ushaka ophelelisiwe
Uhlobo oluvamile lwezinhlanzi ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-200-600. Igama lavela ngenxa yesimo sokuqala sezikali, esifana ne-sandpaper. Oshaka abanolaka. Usayizi omkhulu ufinyelela ku-26-27 cm. Umbala unombala onsundu. Alikho inani lezentengiselwano ngenxa yokubanjwa okunzima nosayizi omncane wenhlanzi.
Oshaka abanemafulethi (ama-squatins, oshaka bengelosi)
Ukuma komzingeli kufana ne-stingray. Ubude babameleli abajwayelekile be-oda bungaba ngamamitha ama-2. Bayasebenza ebusuku, emini bagobhoza babe udaka futhi balale. Ziphila ngokudla okwenziwe nge-benthic. Oshaka besquat abanalo ulaka, kepha bayasabela ezenzweni ezivusa inkanuko zabagezi nabatshuzi.
Ama-squatins abizwa ngodeveli besihlabathi ngendlela abazingela ngayo abaqamekeli ngokujikijela okungazelelwe. Isilwane simunca umlomo wamazinyo.
Izidalwa ezindala kakhulu zemvelo, ezihlala olwandle iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-400, zinemikhakha eminingi futhi ziyahlukahluka. Umuntu ufunda umhlaba woshaka njengencwadi ethokozisayo enabalingiswa bomlando.
