Izinyoni eziningi zizizwa zinokuzethemba hhayi emoyeni kuphela, kodwa nasemanzini. Lena indawo yokuhlala, isisekelo sokudla. Nquma yiziphi izinyoni eziyizinyoni zamanzi, uphumelela ngesisekelo sokutadisha izinyoni, amandla azo okuhlala ngaphezulu. Akuzona izinhlobo ezihlobene, kepha zinezici eziningi ezifanayo: ulwelwesi oluhlangene, izimpaphe eziwugqinsi, indlala ye-coccygeal.
Phakathi kwabo izinyoni zasemanzini musa ukwakha ukuncintisana kokudla, thola ukudla ngezindlela ezihlukile, ngokukhethekile kokuphakelayo kwabo. Uhlobo ngalunye luphethe indawo yalo yemvelo. Azikho izinhlobo ezihlwabusayo phakathi kwazo. Izinyoni zinamathela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, noma kwiziminzi eziminyene.
Izinyoni zamanzi zimelelwa amaqembu alandelayo:
- ama-anseriformes;
- ama-loon;
- iziyingi;
- i-pelican-like;
- okufana nepenguin;
- okufana ne-crane;
- sbusisiwe.
Abamele umndeni we-anseriform ngokugcwele bahola impilo yasemanzini noma yasemanzini. Zonke zinolwelwesi eminwe emithathu, uqhwaku oluyisicaba, amapuleti ezinhlangothini zolimi zokuhlunga ukudla. ERussia, izinhlobo zemindeni yamahansi neduck zihlala.
IGogol
Idada elincane elinentamo emhlophe, isisu nezinhlangothi. Umsila obanzi onombala ocishe ube mnyama, umbala onombala oluhlaza ekhanda, emuva. Ubude bomzimba we-gogol ngu-40-50 cm, amaphiko aphakathi nendawo ngokwesilinganiso esingu-75-80 cm, isisindo singu-0.5 - 1.3 kg. Kuhlala amadamu akude e-taiga. Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo, i-silverware yaseYurophu, e-Asia, eningizimu yeRussia, futhi kwesinye isikhathi indawo ephakathi nendawo indizela kuleyo ndawo.
Ihose elimhlophe
Leli gama likhombisa umbala omkhulu wale nyoni, enezimpaphe zokundiza kuphela ezinombala omnyama. Umlomo, imilenze ebomvana. Ubude bomzimba bungu-70-75 cm, amaphiko angama-120-140 cm, isisindo cishe siyi-2.5-3 kg. Izidleke zezinyoni endaweni yase-Arctic tundra, ogwini lwaseGreenland, empumalanga yeChukotka, naseKola Peninsula.
Ogar
Inyoni yamanzi abomvu ingeyomndeni wedada. Izimpaphe ezi-orenji ezikhanyayo zinikeza ukubukeka okuhle kubahlali abaqaphile emadamini aseYurophu nase-Asia. Izimpiko zokundiza, izidladla zimnyama. I-Ogari ingababhukudi abahle kakhulu nabatshuzi. Zigijima kahle phansi. Lapho zindiza, zifana namahansi. Ubude, izinyoni zifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-65. Zihlala ngazimbili, kuphela ekwindla lapho zihlangana khona njengemihlambi.
Ubhontshisi
Ihansi elikhulu elinomlomo omkhulu. Izimpaphe ezimnyama nsundu, izindawo ezikhanyayo esifubeni. Iphethini elincane elinqamulelayo lenza ukubukeka kuvuleke. Imilenze ewolintshi nomugqa oguqukayo ngenhla komlomo wengeza iziphimbo ezigqamile kumbala kabhontshisi. Ubude bomzimba bungu-80-90 cm, isisindo cishe siyi-4.5 kg, amaphiko ngokwesilinganiso siyi-160 cm.Ihlala emizimbeni yamanzi nasemahlathini e-tundra, forest-tundra, taiga.
Ihansi laseCanada
Inyoni enkulu yamanzi ngentamo ende, ikhanda elincane. Umzimba ucishe ube yi-110 cm ubude, amaphiko ephiko lingu-180 cm, isisindo somuntu ngamunye singeqi ku-6.5 kg. Inhloko nentamo kumnyama; emuva, emaceleni, esiswini kunsundu ngokumpunga ngemigqa emhlophe. Ama-paw amnyama.
Umhlobo lo ujayeleke khulu eBritish Isles, kumadamu weSweden, eFinland, eziqhingini zeLake Ladoga kanye neGulf of Finland.
I-eider ejwayelekile
Idada elikhulu lokuntywila elinomsila omude. Uqhwaku olunamandla olunombala wokuhola olungenamikhaza. Isigqoko esimnyama sihlobisa ikhanda lenyoni, isifuba, izembozo, nentamo imhlophe qwa. Amabala aluhlaza okotshani ngaphansi kwezindlebe. Ubude bomzimba bungu-60-70 cm, ubude bephiko bungaba ngu-100 cm, isisindo singu-2.5-3 kg.
Umndeni wakwaLoon inezinhlobo ezihlobene eduze ezihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho Melika, eYurophu, e-Asia - indawo ebandayo yenkabazwe esenyakatho. Uma kuqhathaniswa namadada, ama-loon andiza ngokushesha futhi ashesha. Lezi yizinyoni ezinomlando wasendulo phakathi kwezinyoni zesimanje.
I-loon enomphimbo obomvu
Inyoni encane enomlomo ogobile. Indawo ebomvu ebomvu ngaphambili entanyeni. Izimpaphe zimpunga ngezimvubu ezimhlophe. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-60, ubude bephiko bungamasentimitha ayi-115, isisindo cishe siyi-2 kg.
Inyoni ikhetha izindawo ze-tundra ne-taiga zokwakha isidleke. Ubusika eMedithera, ugu loLwandle Olumnyama, i-Atlantic Ocean. Isendlalelo esijiyile sesembozo kanye nesembozo esijiyile sezimpaphe, amafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba agcinwa kwi-hypothermia.
I-loon emnyama yomqala
Inyoni le iphakathi ngobukhulu. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-70 cm, amaphiko afinyelela ku-130 cm, isisindo somzimba sifinyelela ku-3.4 kg. Umlomo uqotho, umnyama. Ingubo emnyama enezimhlophe ezimhlophe. Kuhlala imizimba yamanzi enyakatho ye-Eurasia, eMelika. Le nyoni ithanda izindawo ezisogwini olunamagquma.
Ukukhala kwe-loon kwaziwa kabanzi, kufana nokuhleka okukhulu.
Lalela izwi le-loon
Uma kwenzeka ingozi, izinyoni azisuki, kodwa ziyatshuza, zisonge amaphiko azo emhlane zingabi manzi. Amafutha akhethekile endlala ye-coccygeal, embozwe izimpaphe zezinyoni zasemanzini, inikeza ukumelana kwamanzi.
I-Loon ekhokhisiwe emnyama (polar)
Ubukhulu bale nyoni bukhulu kakhulu ezihlotsheni zayo. Umehluko wesici kumbala oluhlaza okomnyama wekhanda nokuma komlomo, okufana nenkemba. Esimweni sezulu esibandayo bandizela olwandle ngamanzi afudumele. Ezindizeni zihamba ngamaqembu ahlakazekile. Amaphiko ama-loon ahlala impilo yonke. Izinyoni ziphila cishe iminyaka engama-20.
Grebe – enkulu umndeni wezinyoni zamanzi, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-22. Igama lavela ekubonweni kokudla kwenyama yabo eyingqayizivele ngephunga elingathandeki lenhlanzi. Amalungu omndeni kaningi aphutha ngamadada, kepha kuningi umehluko phakathi kwawo.
Bangabahlukanisi abahle kakhulu ngenxa yemilenze yabo emifushane eqinile, engenalo ulwembu phakathi kwezinzwani, kepha ifakwe izinsimbi eziseceleni zokugwedla.
I-grebe enkulu enkulu
Izinyoni zihlala emachibini, emachibini nanjengezihlahlana zomhlanga. ICrested Grebe ayitholakali emhlabeni, ize isuke ngemuva kokugijima emanzini. Intamo ihlala imhlophe ngaphambili unyaka wonke. Idla amafry kanye nama-invertebrates. Ubhukuda ngokucwiliswa emanzini ajulile.
Isikhumba sesikhumba esinezintambo ezimnyama
Usayizi ungaphansi kwe-grebe esetshenzisiwe. Ubude bomzimba bufike ku-35 cm, isisindo sifike ku-600 g. Kuvela emizimbeni yamanzi engajulile enezinhla zezitshalo eYurophu, e-Afrika, entshonalanga ye-United States. Ngokubanda okubandayo, izinyoni zindiza zisuka ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ziye emachibini aseningizimu. Bahlala impilo yokuhlala e-Afrika.
Ngokusho kwaleli gama, intamo nekhanda kumnyama, kunamahlumela aphuzi ezimpaphe ezindlebeni. Ezinhlangothini kunezimpaphe ezibomvu, isisu simhlophe. Isici esiyinhloko ngamehlo abomvu egazi. Amachwane anezindawo ezibomvu phakathi kwamehlo nomlomo.
I-grebe encane
Ummeli omncane kakhulu phakathi kwezihlobo ngosayizi. Isisindo singama-150-370 g kuphela, ubude bephiko cishe bungu-100 mm. Phezulu kumnyama ngombala onsundu, isisu simhlophe qwa. Intamo iyi-chestnut ngaphambili. Izibuko ezimhlophe ezimpikweni. Amehlo aphuzi nge-iris ebomvu.
Izwi lesithupha lifana nomtshingo.
Lalela izwi lesitobha esincane
Ihlala emachibini angajulile nasemifuleni egeleza kancane. Ngokungafani namadada, afudumeza izinyawo zawo ezibandayo ezimpapheni zesisu, ama-toadstools awaphakamisela ezinhlangothini ezingaphezulu kwamanzi.
Amalungu omndeni wePelican-like (copepods) ahlukaniswa ulwelwesi lokubhukuda phakathi kwayo yonke iminwe emine. Ama-paddles namaphiko amade avumela abaningi ukuba babhukude ngokuzethemba futhi bandize, kepha bahamba kabi. Kunokwehluka okuningi phakathi kwezinyoni ngokubukeka nangendlela yokuphila.
Cormorant
Le nyoni inkulu, ifinyelela ku-1 m ubude, inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ama-2-3, inamaphiko angaba ngamasentimitha ayi-160. Izimpaphe ezimnyama eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinendawo emhlophe emphinjeni, enyamalala ebusika. Uqhwaku olunamandla oluxhunyiwe.
I-Cormorant isatshalaliswa kabanzi emachibini acebile ngezinhlanzi. Abantu bahlala phansi, bayathutha futhi bayimizulane. Ama-Cormorant athola izimpaphe ezimanzi, ngakho-ke avame ukuwomisa lapho ahlala amile futhi elule izimpiko zawo ezinhlangothini.
I-pelican egobile
Izimpaphe ezisontekile ebunzini, ekhanda, nasemazingeni aphansi zinikeza le nyoni ukubukeka okungajwayelekile. Ama-paw anempunga emnyama. Ubude bomzimba bufike ku-180 cm, amaphiko angaphezu kwamamitha ama-3, isisindo ngokwesilinganiso esingu-8-13 kg.
Inyoni yomphakathi eyakha amakoloni. Ekuzingeleni, izinyoni zisebenza ngokuhlanganyela: zizungeze izikole bese zibamba izinhlanzi emanzini ziye ezindaweni lapho kulula ukuzibamba khona. Izangcwecwe ezisontekile neziphinki azivamile izinyoni zamanzi zaseRussiakufakwe eNcwadini Ebomvu. Zakha ogwini lweCaspian, ogwini loLwandle i-Azov.
Iphixiki elibomvana
Igama libonisa umthunzi obucayi wezimpaphe, othuthukiswa ohlangothini lwangaphakathi. Endizeni, izimpaphe zokundiza zombala omnyama zibonakala kahle. Inamandla imilomo yezinyoni zasemanzini, kuze kufike ku-46 cm ubude.
Ama-pelican ama-pink azingela inyamazane enkulu: i-carp, ama-cichlids. Inyoni eyodwa idinga u-1-1.2 kg wezinhlanzi ngosuku.
I-Ascension frigate
Uhlala eziqhingini zoLwandle i-Atlantic. Izimpaphe zenyoni enkulu zimnyama, ikhanda linombala oluhlaza okotshani. I-Thymus sac ibomvu. Isici somsoco we-frigate ukubamba izinhlanzi ezindizayo.
Abamele iPenguin, noma amaphengwini, - izinyoni zasolwandle ezingenazindiza zezinhlobo eziyi-18, kepha zibhukuda kahle futhi zitshuza. Imizimba ehlanjululwe ilungele ukuhamba emanzini. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuguqule izimpiko zezinyoni zaba amaphiko. Ijubane elijwayelekile lokuhamba kwama-penguin emanzini ayi-10 km / h.
Imisipha yamathambo enamandla kanye namathambo aminyene aqinisekisa ukuhlala kwawo ngokuzethemba ekujuleni kolwandle. Umbala, njengezakhamizi eziningi zasolwandle, uyasifihla: ngemuva kunombala ompunga-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onombala omnyama, nesisu simhlophe.
Ama-penguin ahlala ezimweni zezulu ezinzima zase-Antarctica. Ngokwemvelo, zivumelaniswa nezimo ezibandayo kakhulu. Ukufakwa kwe-Thermal kunikezwa ungqimba lwamafutha, kuze kufike ku-3 cm, izimpaphe ezingangeni manzi ezintathu. Ukuhamba kwegazi kwangaphakathi kuklanywe ngendlela yokuthi ukunciphisa ukushisa kunciphise. Ikoloni elilodwa lezinyoni lihlanganisa izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zabantu.
Izinyoni ze-Crane zaziphakathi kwabokuqala abalahlekelwa amandla abo okundiza. Izinhlobo eziningi zisatshalaliswa kumazwekazi, ngaphandle kwezindawo zase-Arctic nase-Antarctic. Izinhlobo ziyehluka kakhulu ekubukekeni nasayizi. Kukhona imvuthu kusuka ku-20 cm nezinyoni ezinkulu kuze kufike ku-2 m.
Ilanga ikhwezi
Uhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika eduze nemizimba yamanzi: amaxhaphozi, amachibi, amatheku.
Izimpaphe zeMotley ezinombala onsundu onsundu, ngokufakwa kwamathoni aphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, amhlophe, amnyama. Usayizi ubude obufinyelela kuma-53 cm, isisindo ngesilinganiso esingu-200-220 g. Intamo ende ezungeze umphimbo imhlophe. Imilenze iwolintshi, yinde. Umsila womlandeli onemivimbo emnyama evundlile. Izinto zokudla ezitholakele (amaxoxo, izinhlanzi, onoshobishobi) ziyagezwa yikhonyane emanzini ngaphambi kokudla.
I-Arama (Shepherd's Crane)
Kuhlala ezindaweni zezwekazi laseMelika, kugcwele izimila eduze kwamaxhaphozi anamanzi angenasawoti. Zindiza kabuhlungu, zizama ngamandla ukubalekela izingozi.
Ukukhala okukhulu abakukhiphayo kusebenza njengendlela yokuvikela. Ubude bomzimba we-crane bufinyelela ku-60 cm, isisindo sayo asikho ngaphezu kwe-1 kg, kanti amaphiko aphakathi nendawo angamamitha ayi-1. Izinyoni zithola ukudla kusuka phansi echibini - iminenke, izimbaza, izilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ukudla kufaka amaxoxo nezinambuzane.
ISiberia Crane (White Crane)
Inyoni enkulu enamaphiko angamamitha ayi-2.3 ubude, isisindo esijwayelekile esingu-7-8 kg, ubude obufinyelela kuma-cm 140. Uqhwaku lude kunolwama-cranes amanye futhi lubomvu. Izimpaphe zimhlophe, ngaphandle kwezimpaphe ezimnyama zokundiza. Imilenze mide.
Ukwakhiwa kwama Cranes eSiberia kwenzeka kuphela eRussia. Uthola izindawo zakhe azithandayo endaweni engenamuntu yaseYakut tundra noma emaxhaphozini esifundeni se-Ob. Ebusika, izinyoni zifudukela eNdiya, e-Iran naseChina.
Isici seSiberia Cranes sinamathela ngokuqinile emizimbeni yamanzi. Isakhiwo saso sonke sihlose ukuhamba enhlabathini enamathele. Ama-Cranes aseSiberia awadli umhlaba wezolimo, ayabagwema abantu. Inyoni enhle futhi engajwayelekile esengozini.
I-African Poinfoot
Leli gama likhombisa uhla lwale nyoni - imifula namachibi ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, eningizimu yeSahara nase-Ethiopia. Okukhethekile kwePoinfoot kukuntywila okujulile ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, lapho kubonakala khona ikhanda nentamo kuphela. Engozini, ingagijima emanzini ngokuhamba phezulu nangaphansi.
Ubude benyoni bungamasentimitha angama-28-30. Umbala ubunsundu ngokuluhlaza phezulu, umhlophe esiswini. Kunemigqa emibili emhlophe ezinhlangothini zekhanda.
Coot (inkukhu yamanzi)
Inyoni encane, kufana nedada elijwayelekile, kodwa elinombala omnyama ofanayo onebala elimhlophe ekhanda. Buqamama, ipuleti lesikhumba elikhanyayo lifana nebala elinempandla, elaphakamisa igama elihambisanayo.
Uqhwaku olufushane lweqhwa lufana ngesimo senkukhu. Izidladla eziphuzi ezinamazwane amade ampunga. Kutholakala yonke indawo eYurophu, eKazakhstan, e-Asia Ephakathi, eNyakatho Afrika. Uncamela amanzi angajulile, amahlathi aminyene, ama-sedges, imihlanga. Inyoni emnyama yamanzi - into yokudoba.
Izinyoni zasemanzini ze-Charadriiformes zimelwe yizinhlobo eziningi, ezingafani ngosayizi, indlela yokuphila. Okunamathiselwe emzimbeni wamanzi nezici zokwakheka komzimba kuletha lezi zinyoni eduze.
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle
Phakathi kwezihlobo, zihlukaniswa ngosayizi abakhulu: isisindo cishe siyi-2 kg, ubude bomzimba bungu-75 cm, amaphiko angamakhilomitha ayi-160-170. Izimpaphe ze-gull ikakhulukazi zimhlophe, ngaphandle kwezimpaphe ezimnyama ezingenhla ezisemaphikweni. Ijubane lokundiza lingu-90-110 km / h.
Abathengisi bama-Oystercatcher
Izimpaphe ezihlukile zomnyama nomhlophe. Ama-paw, uqhwaku lombala ogqamile obomvu osawolintshi, izungeza ngamehlo omthunzi ofanayo. Ama-oystercatcher ajwayelekile ngasogwini lolwandle, ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphakeme. Umlomo omude, uguqulelwe ukwephula inyamazane yasolwandle ematsheni.
Sicklebeak
Zitholakala e-Asia Ephakathi, e-Altai ngamaqembu asemifuleni enamadwala ezifundeni zezintaba. Ukuba khona kweziqhingi ezidala kubalulekile kubo. Imvamisa izingela emanzini angajulile. Uqhwaku olubomvu olugobile lusiza ukubheka inyamazane phakathi kwamatshe ngaphansi kwemizimba yamanzi.
Ababhukudi
Izinyoni ezincane ezichitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini. Zibhukuda kahle, kepha azitshuzi. Zondla ngokudla okuvela phezulu noma zicwilisa amakhanda azo, njengedada, ngaphansi kwamanzi ukuze zizingele. Ibamba njengokuntanta, ngokulingana okuphezulu. Kutholakala kakhulu emizimbeni yamanzi wamathafa.
Impilo yasemanzini inezinyoni ezihlangene ezaziyo ukuhlala phezulu. Lesi sibopho esinganqamuki sigcwalisa indlela yabo yokuphila ngokuqukethwe okukhethekile. Izinyoni zamanzi esithombeni kukhombisa ukuvumelana kwemikhakha yomoya namanzi emvelo.
