Izinyoni ezifukamayo yilezo ezihlala ezweni lakubo unyaka wonke. Izilwane aziqondiswa kangako ngamazinga okushisa komoya kepha ngamakhono azo kanye nokucaciswa kokuphakelwa kokudla esifundeni.
Imfudumalo esimweni sezulu esibandayo ingezinyoni ezondlekile kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inyoni ebusika kufanele ikwazi ukuthola ukudla phakathi kweqhwa. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezifuduka zifudukela ngaseningizimu ebusika. Kuhlala okuqukethwe namajikijolo, imbewu kanye nezilwane ezizingelayo ezizingela amagundane nezidlwane. Kunezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-70 ebusika eRussia.
Ijuba
Ukushisa komzimba wabo, njengezinye izinyoni, kungama-degree angama-41. Lokhu kungobunye ubufakazi bokuthi lapho kukhona khona ukudla, amakhaza anezimpaphe awakhathaleli. Amajuba akulula izinyoni zasebusika, kodwa "kuboshwe" endaweni ethile. Ukundiza usuke "esidlekeni somdabu" izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, mpunga-mpunga ubuya njalo. Abantu basebenzise lokhu ngokuqala ukuthumela izincwadi ezinamajuba.
Ukuziyisa endaweni yokubheka izinyoni, izinyoni zabuya. Ososayensi baphikisana ngokuthi izinyoni zithola kanjani indlela eya ekhaya. Abanye bakhuluma ngamandla kazibuthe. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi amajuba aqondiswa izinkanyezi. Amajuba athembekile hhayi emazweni abo kuphela, kodwa nakubalingani bawo. Izinyoni ezimbili zikhethwa kanye nokuphila konke, njengama-swans.
Amajuba anamathele kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala futhi awazishiyi uma enokudla
Undlunkulu
Iqembu lezinyoni zasebusika siqukethe izinhlobo eziningana. Kukhona ababili abahlala eRussia: emadolobheni nasensimini. Lesi sakamuva sijwayelekile ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Inani eliphelele londlunkulu emhlabeni lisondele esigidini esisodwa. Ngakho-ke, inyoni eyodwa yabantu abayi-8.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi izinyoni zidla okusanhlamvu, lokhu kuyingozi ekuvuneni. EChina, baze benza isenzo sokubhubhisa ondlunkulu. Sebetholile ukuthi abakwazi ukundiza ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15, abantu bazethusa izinyoni, bengazivumeli ukuba zehlele phansi. Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezimbili bafa. Kodwa-ke, ngokungabikho kondlunkulu, izinkumbi zazala - okunye okumnandi kwezinyoni. Udle isivuno esikhundleni sezinyoni.
Njengamajuba, ondlunkulu bavame ukukhetha umlingani oyedwa impilo yonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni zinegazi elishisayo. Esikhundleni sama-degree angama-41, umzimba kondlunkulu ushisa kufika kuma-44 ex. Lokhu kuvamile ezinyonini ezincane. Balahlekelwa ngamandla ngokushesha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi undlunkulu unama-vertebrae aphindwe kabili entanyeni kunendlulamithi. Imayelana nobude bezingcezu. Ondlunkulu, bayisicaba.
I-Crossbill
Le nyoni yomndeni we-finch enomlomo ogobile, ogobile. Isakhiwo saso sinqunywa ngomsebenzi. I-crossbill icosha okusanhlamvu kwizigaxa ngomlomo wayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzwakala ukuchofoza kwesici. Ngakho-ke futhi igama lezinyoni zasebusika.
Yize uqhwaku lukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, amaphepha okuwela awakwazi ukukhipha wonke amantongomane ephayini. Izigaxa eziphonswe yizinyoni zihlanza izingwejeje. Abesilisa bezinhlobo babomvu nsundu, kanti abesifazane bampunga-buluhlaza-buphuzi. Izinyoni ziba njalo ngeminyaka emithathu ubudala. Njengabantu abadala, ama-crossbill aweqi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-20 ubude futhi anesisindo esingama-50 amagremu.
Lalela izwi lesiphambano
Ama-crossbones akulula izinyoni zasebusika zaseRussiangenkathi kuculwa eqhweni. "Ama-Trill" azwakala ngisho nakuma-degree angama-50 eqhwa. Ku-30 crossbill uzwela amaqanda ngokuthula bese ukhulisa inzalo.
Amagwababa
Uhlobo lukapholi ngesiRashiya. Amagwababa azivumelanisa kahle nokuthunjwa. Izinyoni zihlala kuwo cishe iminyaka engama-40. Ngokwemvelo, impilo ejwayelekile yegwababa iyiminyaka engama-20. Kubantu, izinyoni zibamba amakhono okukhuluma, ukukhuluma kanye nopholi be-macaw.
Ukuhlakanipha kwamagwababa, ngasendleleni, kufana nokukhula kwezingane ezineminyaka emihlanu. Izinyoni zixazulula izinkinga ezifanayo zomqondo. Esinye sezinkomba zomqondo yindlela yokuvikela izidleke. Amagwababa ajikijela izitha ngamatshe, aziphakamisa ngezidladla eziqinile.
Ekudleni, izinyoni azithobeki, zimunca okusanhlamvu, imifino, nesinkwa. Izinyoni zivame ukucekela phansi izidleke zezinye izinyoni. Kepha ukudla okumnandi kwamagwababa kuyizidumbu. Kukhona okuningi ebusika, ngoba akuzona zonke izilwane ezingamelana namakhaza. Lapha izinyoni futhi hlala ubusika.
Yini amagwababa amnyama. Abantu abaningi basho kanjalo. Umbono owenziwa yizinyoni awuxhumene kangako nombala omnyama njengokuvela kaningi emathuneni. Kukhona amagwababa afuna isidumbu.
Emangcwabeni anamuhla, kuyaqabukela kungenzeka ukuzitika futhi, yebo, hhayi ngemizimba yabantu. Kepha ezinsukwini zakudala, lapho izifo eziwumshayabhuqe zihlasela, izigebengu nabampofu kwakungabhekwa njalo njengabadingekile ukuze kungcwatshwe, amagwababa akhukhula ngokoqobo izindawo zokungcwaba.
Amagwababa angenye yezinyoni ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, angaphila nobusika obunzima.
IBullfinch
Kungumndeni we-finch. Le nyoni inkudlwana kunondlunkulu, kodwa umzimba we-bullfinch uqina kakhulu. Abesilisa bagqama ngamabele abomvu klebhu. Kwabesifazane, bayi-pink-ash. Njengamagwababa, izinkunzi zezinkunzi azikukhathaleli ukuthunjwa. Abaqali ukukhuluma, kepha bayakwazi ukufunda imiculo embalwa bese beshaya ikhwela.
Umzimba ominyene wama-bullfinches ekuthunjweni uvame ukuba ngamafutha. Izinyoni azisuthi, futhi abanikazi bazo bazitika ngokuminza kwezinyoni. Ngokwemvelo, ngasendleleni, bahlala emahlathini noma "eziqhingini" zezihlahla emaqeleni. Ama-Bullfinches awakhululeki ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Lalela ukuculwa kwe-bullfinch
Ama-Bullfinches awahlali ngaso sonke isikhathi ohlwini izinyoni zasebusika. Mayelana izinyoni, kunzima ukusho okufanayo nangama-crossbills. Ama-50 degrees angaphansi kuka-zero we-bullfinch kubalulekile. Ngakho-ke, abantu abavela emingceleni esenyakatho yamahlathi e-taiga bachitha izinyanga ezimbalwa eningizimu. AmaBullfinches asenkabeni yeRussia ahlala kuwo unyaka wonke.
Isiqu
Inyoni engu-gram engama-20 idla amacimbi nezibungu zezinambuzane ezingama-500-600 ngosuku. Lokhu ngukudla kwamabele ehlobo, abachitha emahlathini nasemasimini, kubavikela ezifweni. Ebusika, izinyoni ziya emadolobheni, zidla izinsalela zokudla kwabantu, zilahle imbewu, izingcezu zesinkwa nezinhlamvu ezivela kubaphakeli, ezindaweni zokulahla udoti.
Into esemqoka ukungadli isinkwa esimnyama. Kunomthelela omubi empilweni yamabele. Izisu zazo azikwazi ukugaya isitashi se-rye, futhi ama-acid avela esinkwa esimnyama aholela ekubiliseni ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kugcwele i-volvulus yamatiti.
Amabele ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezingama-65. ERussia, okukhulu kuvamile. Abamele bayo bafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-17 ubude. Izinyoni ezincane ziyahlonishwa eRussia. Ngekhulu le-17, kwakwenqatshelwe ngisho nokubulala amabele ngesimemezelo sasebukhosini. Abahlukumezi bahlawuliswa.
Usuku lweSinichkin selusungulwe eRussia yanamuhla. Ibungazwa ngomhlaka 12 Novemba. Kuyisiko ukwenza ama-feeder bese uwalengisa ezihlahleni. Izingane ezikoleni zidweba izithombe ezinamabele. Iziphathimandla zihlela imikhosi.
Ama-Waxwings
Lezi yizinyoni ze-beige ne-peach ezinekhanda elixubekile, i-eyeliner emnyama, ukukhasa, izimpiko nomsila. Ubude, izinyoni zifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20, zinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-60 Ama-specks abomvu abonakala ezincwadini zamaphiko, nolayini ophuzi emsileni. Ngenxa yezimpaphe zabo ezinhle, ama-waxwings aziwa ngokuthi ama-goldfinches.
ERussia izinyoni ziyalalanisa. Nhloboni ingabe imiphetho enezimpaphe iyakhetha? Bakhetha amahlathi oxubene ephayini nawomhlanga. Imihlambi indiza ezindaweni ngezindawo ifuna ukudla. Izinyoni ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi yimizulane.
I-Waxworms isuswa kalula emakhaya abo esifundeni esisodwa, igijimele kwesinye. Izinyoni zifuna indawo yasendle phakathi kweqhwa, amahlathi amnyama e-barberry noma i-viburnum. Esihlahleni sehlathi, ama-waxwings afuna ama-lingonberries afriziwe.
Ehlobo, ukudla kwe-waxwings kugcwaliswa ngama-midge namakhambi. Zigaywa ngokuphelele yizinyoni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amajikijolo, angukudla okunzima kwesisu esikhulayo. Izithelo ziphuma zigayeke kancane kuphela. Lokhu kusiza ukuhluma kwembewu entwasahlobo.
UJay
Kushiwo umuntu odlulayo. Le nyoni ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-34 ubude futhi inesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-180 amagremu. Inyoni izondla ngezinhlamvu zesihlahla sonwele, ubhekilanga, okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, ukwelashwa okuthandayo kwe-jay kungama-acorn. Inyoni yabo ayidli nje lapho, kodwa futhi ingcwaba emhlabathini obekiwe. Ijay idume ngekhono layo lokulingisa amazwi ezinye izilwane, imisindo ehlukahlukene. Le nyoni izala kalula isivalo somnyango, ukukhonkotha kwezinja, i-nightingale trill.
Lalela izwi likajay
Ukuzwa ujay kulula kunokubona. Izimpaphe ngokucophelela. Uma unenhlanhla eyengeziwe, ubona inyoni enhle enamabala amhlophe naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaphikweni ayo, ingcosana ekhanda layo. Ngaphezu kokutshala ukudla, i-jay ibona umdlalo, ingadla amaqanda ezinye izinyoni noma amachwane asevele achanyuselwe.
Magpie
Ayiphethe kuphela isihloko se-ratchet nesela, kodwa futhi nenyoni ehlakaniphe kakhulu. Izimpisi kuphela ezizibona esibukweni, kungabalwa enye enezimpaphe. Izinyoni zibona abantu ngobuso bazo, isibalo, njengezinja ezifuywayo.
Izimpisi ngokwazo nazo azikuphikisi ukuthanjiswa. Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni zifunda ukubala nokuzivumelanisa nokuhlanza amakheji azo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, onogwaja basebenzisa amafosholo wezingane, izingcezu zekhadibhodi, amanikiniki abanikezwe ngabanikazi. Ukuhlakanipha kwamashumi amane kubangelwa ubukhulu bendawo yokuqonda ebuchosheni babo. Isayithi likhulu njengelomuntu.
Ngenkathi ingqondo yabangamashumi amane ingatholanga izincazelo zesayensi, bathatha okuyindida. Ngokwesibonelo, ngekhulu le-19, uMetropolitan Alexei wenqabela abamhlophe ukuba baye eMoscow. Umpristi wayekholelwa ukuthi abathakathi beza enhlokodolobha begqoke izinyoni. Izimpisi zidla ngalokho okufanele zikwenze, zingakwazi ukwandulela futhi zimunce izimila. Ukwamukela ngobunyoninco nobuhlakani kungukubili okuvumela onogwaja ukuba baphile ngisho nasebusika obunzima.
Izimpisi azithandi ukushintsha izindawo zazo zokuhlala futhi zize zithanjiswe abantu kalula.
IGoldfinch
Le yinyoni yomndeni we-finch. Isici esihlukile yindawo ebomvu ekhanda. Eduze kwezihlathi ezimhlophe nomqhele omnyama, okubomvu kubonakala kungafani, kuhle. Yingakho igama lenyoni. I-Goldfinches ifinyelela ngamasentimitha angu-17 ubude futhi inesisindo esingama-gramu angama-20.
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, ama-goldfinches kuthiwa angabalwi. Lokhu kungenxa yomqondo ophakeme wobunikazi. AbakwaGoldfinches balwela izindawo abazithatha njengezabo. Ama-Goldfinches adla imbewu yokhula, isibonelo, i-thistle. Izinyoni ziqoqa ukudla, zindiza zivela ensimini ziye ensimini, zikufuna ngaphansi kweqhwa nasezitshalweni ezomile ezinamathele ngaphezulu.
Isikhova esimhlophe
Ngakhetha izindawo ezibandayo zaseRussia. Impaphe evulekile, kodwa eningi isiza ukusinda lapho. Umoya okuwo ugcina ukufudumala komzimba wesikhova, ungavumeli amakhaza ngaphandle. Inyoni yasemaphandleni ithola isisulu sayo ngosizo lokundiza buthule nokushesha kombani, umbono obukhali. Ngokukhanya kwekhandlela elijwayelekile, isikhova sibona isisulu siqhele ngamamitha angama-300. Amahares, ama-martens, amagundane, izigaxa ezihlangana nezidladla noqhwaku lwesilwane esidlayo.
Eminyakeni empofu yokudla, izikhova ezineqhwa zithuthela endaweni esemahlathini. Le nyoni inkulu, ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-70 ubude. Le enezimpiko ithola amakhilogremu ama-3. UHarry Potter ubambe cishe okuningi esandleni sakhe. Iqhawe lomsebenzi, uJK Rowling, wayevame ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zikaBuckley. Lelo kwakuyigama lesikhova esimhlophe, esasisebenza njengesithunywa salo wizadi.
I-Nutcracker
Le nyoni idla amantongomane ephayini. Kubo, le nyoni inesikhwama se-hyoid. I-nutcracker ithwala cishe amantongomane ayi-100 kuyo. I-taiga yaseRussia icebile ngomsedari, okusho ukuthi inyoni ayinasidingo sokundiza ibusika. Ezinye izigaxa zihlala ezihlahleni ebusika.
Sifihla ama-nutcracker angahambelani nesaka le-hyoid ngaphakathi kwebanga elingamakhilomitha ama-2-4 ukusuka esihlahleni abavuthele kuso. Ebusika, izinqolobane zingcwatshwa emithonjeni yeqhwa, nasehlobo emhlabathini. Kukhona isikhumbuzo se-nutcracker eRussia. Umi eTomsk. Idolobha laseSiberia lizungezwe imisedari. Izakhamuzi zesifunda ziyamazi futhi ziyamthanda umhlali wazo, zimncoma unyaka wonke.
Isikhova
Kubhalwe encwadini ebomvu. Le nyoni ibekezelela kalula ubusika baseRussia, kepha ayikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokwehliswa ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwe-taiga yobukhosi bayo. Kodwa-ke, izikhova ziyakwazi ukuhlala ekuthunjweni. Kuma-zoo nakubanikazi abazimele, izinyoni zaphila iminyaka engama-68 ubudala. Ngokwemvelo, iminyaka yesikhova yokhozi ikhawulelwe eminyakeni engama-20. Njengesikhova esimhlophe, isikhova sokhozi sizingela amagundane, izidleke, ama-martens.
Izinyoni zizibamba ubusuku nemini. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ebusuku. Izikhova zokhozi zilala kaningi emini, kanti izikhova zigwinya inyamazane encane. Izinyoni ziqale zidabule izisulu ezinkulu zibe yizicucu ezingangena emqaleni. Kuqoshwe amacala okuhlaselwa kwesikhova kuzinyamazane ezisencane nezingulube zasendle. Lokhu kukhombisa ubukhulu obumangalisayo bezinyoni.
I-Nuthatch
Le nyoni inesisu esiluhlaza emuva nesimhlophe. Izinhlangothi ezinezimpaphe zibomvu ngemivimbo emnyama. On the ngezidladla - lwalugobile uzipho abukhali. Ngawo amantongomane emba iziqu zemithi, ahamba ngokushesha futhi ngobuciko eduzane nawo. Le nyoni ifuna izinambuzane ezifihliwe, izibungu zazo. Umlomo ocijile, omude uvumela i-nuthatch ukuthi ibathole ebusika. Inyoni ifunda yonke imifantu ekhonkolweni ngayo.
Ama-Nuthatches akhetha ukuhlala emahlathini e-oki. Lapho ama-oki engakhuli khona, izinyoni zikhetha amapaki anezitshalo ezinamakhaza. Ama-Nuthatches afuna izihlahla ezinemigodi, ahlala kuzo. Uma umnyango wendlu ubanzi, ufakwe ubumba. Ama-Nuthatches enza lo msebenzi ngenkathi efudumele.
Ama-Nuthatches akhetha ukusinda emakhazeni, azinze emigodini yezihlahla
Ibhungane elinamakhanda aphuzi
Ama-hummingbird kuphela amancane kunaye. Le nyoni inesikhumba esiphuzi esifana nomqhele ekhanda layo. Le nhlangano igqugquzele ukuthi kubizwe inkosi enezimpaphe. Inkosi ayidonsi, ngoba ubukhulu bejekamanzi. Kulokhu, isisindo senyoni singama-gramu ayi-7.
Bahlala emahlathini e-coniferous. Ngokungafani nenyoni okuthiwa ama-hummingbird, izidleke zaseRussia eziphakathi kwezinyoni zikhuthazelela isimo sezulu esibi. Ngisho nasebusika, amabhungane ayakwazi ukuthola izinambuzane nezibungu zawo. Ngosuku, inyoni idla ngendlela edliwayo njengoba inesisindo sayo.
I-Chizh
Kubhekwa njengokufuduka. Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-siskins ahlala ebusika eRussia. Izinyoni zikulungele ukusinda ebusika lapha eduze kwemizimba yamanzi engabandi. Izinyoni zihlela izidleke zazo ezimpandeni zezihlahla eziseduze kwazo.
Izinyoni ezincane ziwafihle ngobuciko amakhaya azo zaze zaba ngamaqhawe enganekwane yetshe elingabonakali. Okhokho bethu babekholelwa ukuthi ikristalu le-siskin elinjalo lalibekwa ngaphansi kwesidleke, likufihla ukuthi lingaboni emehlweni.
Ama-black grouses, ama-hazel grouse, ama-partridges nawo ahlukaniswa njengasebusika. Bayazifudumeza ngokuzingcwaba emigodini. Ngaphansi kweqhwa, izinyoni zifuna ukudla - okusanhlamvu namakhambi ngonyaka odlule.
I-grouse emnyama isebenzisa iqhwa njengokufudumala ubusuku bonke
Emakhazeni amakhulu, izinyoni zizama ukugwema ukundiza. Indawo yomzimba eyanda ngamaphiko evulekile iholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokushisa. Le enezimpaphe iba sengozini yokuqandisa esikhundleni sokubamba inyamazane noma yokuya ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esingcono.
Izinyoni zasebusika zaseRussia
Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe izinhlobo zezinyoni ezisele ebusika eRussia.
Njengoba kungezona zonke izinhlobo ezibalwe esithombeni ngenhla izinyoni zasebusika zaseRussia, ngenhloso yokuphelela, ake sibabize: Ondlunkulu, Amagwababa, Ijuba, I-Woodpecker, i-Nutcracker, i-Crossbill, i-Kinglet enekhanda eliphuzi, i-Partridge, i-Muscovy, i-Owl, i-Nuthatch, i-Grouse, i-Waxwing, i-Tit, i-Bullfinch, i-White owl, i-Jay, i-Magpie, i-Grouse, i-Eagle owl , Ama-Lentili, iSiskin, iGoldfinch, iShur.
