Ukuvela kwale nkukhu kudida wonke umuntu oyibona okokuqala imizuzu eminingana. Umuntu uzama ukuqonda ukuthi ngubani ophambi kwakhe - i-turkey encane noma inkukhu enkulu, ehlutshiwe kancane?
Izinkukhu holosheyki ngisho esithombeni bedidekile ngokubukeka kwabo, futhi amazwe amaningi, kufaka phakathi iRomania neSpain, athi anelungelo lokuzibiza ngezwe lawo.
Incazelo kanye nezici zohlobo lweHolosheyka
Isici esivelele kulezi zinyoni ukungabi khona kwezimpaphe entanyeni, ukukhasa, ngaphansi kwamaphiko nasezinhlangothini zangaphakathi zemilenze. Lezi zingosi zibizwa ngokuthi ngamakhemisi futhi zinamazinga acacile. Izimpaphe zezinyoni azilahli, ngokungahambelani nombono ovamile oqondile, sezivele zizalwe zinezintambo ezingathuthukile kulezi zingxenye zomzimba.
Kepha ngemuva kwamakhanda abo banomnsalo noma isigqoko sezimpaphe ze-chic, futhi ngaphambili, izimpaphe zisongwe zibe ukhola oluhlaza. "Izintambo ezingagqokiwe" ezibekwe ngokwezakhi zofuzo yisici esivelele, esidluliselwa ematshwele, inqobo nje uma uhlobo luhlanzekile.
Ekhuluma ngohlobo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi embukisweni wezinkukhu, lezi zinkukhu zihlala ziqoqa ababukeli abanomdlandla ababazungezile, futhi kunezidingo eziqinile ezibekwa ngaphandle kwazo, amajaji angazenqaba izinkukhu ngezizathu ezilandelayo:
- amehlo amnyama ngokweqile, ngaphandle kwe-iris egqanyisiwe - kubhekwa njengophawu lokonakala;
- amabala amnyama esikhunjeni, "ubuso" obumnyama, amacici amhlophe - akhuluma ngokuhlanganiswa kolunye uhlobo;
- ukuba khona kwazo zombili izimpaphe nenganono yezimpaphe ezindaweni ezisemaphethelweni kuyisici esibi kakhulu;
- ukubekwa kwemisila “emaweni” ngokweqile kuyiphuzu eliyimpikiswano abalimi bezinkukhu abavame ukuphikisana ngempumelelo nalo;
- umzimba obuthakathaka, ongakhuli kahle, ongashiwongo imilenze emincane uyisibonakaliso sokonakala;
- isikhumba esiphuzi ezindaweni ezisemaphethelweni siyisibonakaliso sokuba khona kokungajwayelekile kofuzo nezifo zofuzo.
Ngokuqondene nomsila, izindinganiso zichaza indawo yayo njenge "engeli lama-degree ayi-15-20", kepha ukuphambuka kuleli phuzu kuvame kakhulu. Ngokokuqala ngqa, abafuyi abangochwepheshe bezinkukhu kanye nabalimi bathola lolu hlobo embukisweni waseVienna ngo-1875, kwathi ngo-1930, lezi zinkukhu zase zisakazeke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuhlanganise nengxenye ye-USSR.
Vele, ubuholi buhlala nezendlalelo ezingabukeki kangako, ezijwayele ukubukeka, kepha noma kunjalo, ngaleso sikhathi, izintamo zepolo zazinombuthano wabazithandayo, oye wakhuliswa kuphela kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Izizathu zothando olukhulu lwabalimi abaningi bale nyoni akubonakali nhlobo, kepha izimfanelo ezinjengalezi zohlobo olunjenge:
- ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuphezulu nokuqala;
- ukungathobeki ngokuphelele ekunakekelweni - le nyoni izosinda ngisho nasekungabikho kwendlu yenkukhu;
- ukufeba okuphelele ekudleni - i-golosheyk idle konke okuvela ngaphansi komlomo wazo;
- ibekezelela kalula noma yiziphi izimo zezulu, kufaka phakathi isithwathwa - ama-holosheikas akasoze enqaba ukuhamba eqhweni, kepha ngasikhathi sinye bazizwa behle ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkukhu inkulu ngokwanele futhi inyama yayo inazo zonke izimfanelo ezinganelisa ngisho nama-gourmet gourmet. Isibonelo, yilezi zinkukhu ezaqala ukulethwa enkantolo yasebukhosini eRussia ngo-1911.
Kunjalo izici zezinkukhu, bekhuluma ngokuguquguquka okuphelele kwalolu hlobo, kanye nokubukeka kwabo okuyingqayizivele okungajwayelekile, lapho. Ngaphezu kwentamo engagqokile, imibala ehlukahlukene ekhanyayo yezimpaphe ezitholakalayo nayo ibambe iqhaza elikhulu, okwenza inyoni ithandwe kakhulu phakathi kwabafuyi bezinkukhu abasebenza ngokuzala naphakathi kwabaphathi bebhizinisi abajwayelekile. Ngokuqondene nezici zokukhiqiza zohlobo, ke izinkukhu kwehluka:
- isisindo esihle, amaqhude asuka ku-3 kuye ku-4 kg, izinkukhu zisuka ku-2 kuye ku-3 kg;
- ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kusenesikhathi futhi kuzinzile, ngokwesilinganiso kusuka kumaqanda ayi-160 kuye kwangama-200 ngonyaka;
- isisindo esikhulu samaqanda nganoma yikuphi ukudla, kusuka ku-57 kuya ku-62 amagremu;
- i-oviposition yokuqala "yabantu abadala" iqala emasontweni angama-24-25 ubudala.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwamazwi
Lezi zinyoni zazivame kakhulu ngesikhathi se-USSR emapulazini ahlanganyelwe, emapulazini ombuso nasezinkukhu emapulazini aseMoldova nasentshonalanga ye-Ukraine, ngaleso sikhathi lolu hlobo lwalubizwa ngokuthi iTransylvanian. Phambilini, ngaphambi kwempi, lezi zinkukhu zazibizwa ngeSemigradskaya holosheynaya.
Manje abalimi bezinkukhu nabalimi abanentshisekelo kulokhu izinhlobo zezinkukhu, uzothola inyoni enegama - owesifazane waseSpain... Akunandaba ukuthi zibizwa kanjani, amaphuzu abalulekile ekugcineni nasekunakekeleni izinyoni ahlala enjalo futhi ancike kakhulu esimweni sezulu lapho izinyoni zihlala khona.
Ukugcina izinkukhu eRussia, kuzodingeka ube nendlu yenkukhu efakwe ngaphakathi endlini, futhi eSpain, ngokwesibonelo, izinyoni ziyaneliseka ngama-perches ngaphansi kombhede. Izeluleko ezijwayelekile zokuqukethwe izinkukhu zohlobo lweHolochek:
- izinga lokushisa elifanele egumbini lehhoko lezinkukhu lisuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 degrees Celsius, lingaba ngaphezulu;
- ukutholakala kwebanga lamahhala;
- ukusebenzisa i-peat bedding, i-peat ilawula umswakama, okungukuthi, ukukhula kwama-bacteria;
- ukulawula ukondliwa kwezinyoni, i-golosheyki yi-omnivores egijimela ngokuphelele futhi ikhule, idla okuphakelayo okulungiselelwe;
- ukuba khona kwesifutho ngenhloso yokubandakanya ukuzalanisa.
Njengoba amakhanda amaningi enqunu azalwa ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu kanye nekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yamaqanda, lapho ewagcina, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda izikhukhukazi zizalela izikhukhukazi ngqo kuya ngobude bamahora emini.
Esithombeni kukhona iqhude elinqunu
Ngakho-ke, izinsuku ezifushane zasebusika zidinga ukuxhaswa ngokukhokhela ukungabi khona kokukhanyisa, okungukuthi, umsebenzi wezinkukhu. Kunconywa ukwenza lokhu ngokulandelayo:
- khanyisa izibani zokufakelwa ekuseni kusuka ngo-5 ekuseni kuze kube umzuzu wokusa okuphelele;
- kusihlwa, khanyisa izibani zezinyoni isigamu sehora noma ihora ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga, kuze kube ngumzuzu lapho zona ziqala ukulala kuze kube yisikhathi esifanele indlu ethile yenkukhu.
- isikhathi sasemini sokukhiqiza amaqanda esikhiqiza kakhulu kufanele okungenani sibe ngamahora ayi-14 futhi singabi ngaphezu kwe-16.
Ngokuqondene nokondliwa kwezinyoni, azidluli kokudla, zikhonkotha konke. Ngakho-ke, abantu kufanele banakekele ukuthi kukhona izingxube ezilinganiswe kahle zokusanhlamvu noma okuphakelayo okulungiselelwe kubaphakeli.
Lezi zinyoni azidingi ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe noma ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kodwa ngokusho ukubuyekezwa labo abagcina epulazini, izinkukhu ube nesimo esinobungane futhi esizolile futhi uzwane kahle nazo zonke ezinye izakhamuzi zendlu yenkukhu.
Ukuzala nokondla ama-voles
Ekhuluma ngokudla kwezinkukhu, futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi i-golosheyka ngeke ikhethele yona "okusanhlamvu" okuwusizo kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inyoni inakho konke ekudingayo. Njengazo zonke izinkukhu, lezi zinyoni zidinga ukuba khona ekudleni:
- izitshalo zokusanhlamvu;
- imifino;
- i-calcium;
- ufulawa we-clover;
- imvubelo;
- ummbila (uyazikhethela, kodwa ufiseleka).
Noma kunjalo, awukwazi ukudideka ngokulungiswa kwezingxube, kepha thenga okuphakelayo okulungiselelwe. Abalimi abaningi abayisebenzisi imixube eseyenziwe ngomumo ngenxa yokungazuzi kwabo, kepha uma kukhona ama-golos epulazini, le nkinga iba yinto engabalulekile, ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda abo amaningi.
Ngokuthengisa amaqanda alezi zinyoni, kungenzeka ukugcina ezinye izakhamizi zomnotho. Ngokuvamile, inyoni eyodwa endala idla kusuka ku-130 kuye ku-150 amagremu wokudla ngosuku, okungekho kangako. Bondla ama-golos ngendlela efanayo nezinye izinkukhu - ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Ukuthenga izinkukhu ngemichilo, noma yimuphi umlimi ngokushesha noma kamuva unquma ukuqala ukuzalanisa. Lapha umlimi wezinkukhu ubanjwe yisici sohlobo olunjengokuthi "ukungathandi" ukuqandusela amaqanda. UGolosheyk bangabazali abakunakekelayo futhi abakhathalelayo, kepha, ngokudidayo, izinkukhu ezinyanyekayo. Ngakho-ke, udinga i-incubator yokuzalanisa.
Kepha lobu ubunzima kuphela. Izinga lokusinda kwenzalo kuma-voles liphezulu kakhulu - 95-98%. Ukunakekela amaphuphu achanyuselwe akuhlukile nokunakekela noma iyiphi enye inkukhu.
Izinkukhu, izinkukhu zingama-brooders amahle kakhulu
Ekuqaleni kokuphila kwazo, izinkukhu zizwela kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izingane kufanele zifakwe egumbini elomile, elingenamoya, kodwa elingenalutho elinamazinga okushisa angama-26 kuya kwangu-30 degrees Celsius.
Njengoba amaphuphu ekhula, izinga lokushisa kufanele lehle kancane kancane, futhi ngosuku lwama-30 lokuphila kwabo kufanele ngabe selivele libe ngamadigri ayi-18-20. Ngokuqondene nokondla, akufani nakancane nokondla izinkukhu ezivamile, ezingagqokile.
Intengo nokubuyekezwa mayelana ne-holosheyk
Ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi bezinkukhu ngalolu hlobo lwezinkukhu kuthopha kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu akusebenzi ekukhiqizweni kwamaqanda abo kuphela, kepha nasenyameni. Ngaphandle kwalokho. lapho usika, awudingi ukukha intamo yenyoni, nayo enezela ezinzuzo zayo ngaphezu kwezinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama yenkukhu ifana kakhulu nokunambitheka nenyama ye-turkey, evumela ukuthi isetshenziswe ekuphekeni izitsha ezidinga inyama ye-turkey ngokusho iresiphi futhi, ngokufanele, inciphisa izindleko zazo, kepha ayinciphisi ukunambitheka.
EYurophu, izintambo ezingenalutho zithandwa kakhulu emapulazini amancane asemhlabeni wonke athengisa imikhiqizo ezindaweni zokudlela ezimbalwa nasezitolo zasemakhaya. ERussia, ukuxhumana okunjalo akukakenziwa ngokugcwele, kepha sekuvele kuthola umfutho.
Isibonelo, izindawo zokudlela eziseceleni komgwaqo nezakhiwo zamahhotela zikhethe ukusebenza ngqo nabalimi bendawo iminyaka eminingana. Ungathenga izinyoni epulazini lakho ngezindlela ezimbalwa - uthenge izinkukhu noma amaqanda nge-incubator. Intengo emaphakathi yenkukhu eyi-holoshey isuka kuma-ruble angama-59 kuye kwangama-74 ngeqanda ngalinye lokuchanyuselwa kanye nama-ruble angama-80 kuye kwangama-290 ngenkukhu.
Ungathenga izinkukhu usebenzisa izinkundla ezikhethekile zabalimi, izimemezelo zokuthengisa noma emicimbini yezolimo, enkulu kunazo zonke ibanjelwa ezweni lakithi eSergiev Posad kabili ngonyaka.
Incazelo yenkukhu holosheyki bekungeke kuphelele ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi uhlobo beludume kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ngabafuyi, bobabili abayizimfundamakhwela nezinkampani ezinkulu.
Esithombeni izinkukhu zohlobo olungenantambo
Isibonelo, inkampani yaseFrance, yamaKhaladi yokuzalela izinkukhu i-SASSO, seyenze inqwaba yezinhlamvu ezixutshiwe ezaziwa ngabalimi kanye nabafuyi bezinkukhu njengezinkukhu zaseFrance ezingaboshiwe.
Ngokuvamile, le nyoni ayiyona nje elula kakhulu ukuyigcina futhi inenzuzo enkulu, kodwa futhi iyathembisa ngokuzalanisa, okuheha abaphathi abaningi bebhizinisi kuyo. Kokubili abaqalayo nalabo abanolwazi olukhulu.
