Isifunda esikhethekile esisebenza njengomngcele ophakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia yi-Urals. Ihlukanisa ingxenye esentshonalanga nengxenye esempumalanga. Umngcele onjalo onamandla awusekho emvelweni.
Ubude bayo budlula ama-2000 km, nobubanzi ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu ngama-40-150 km. Iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lezintaba ze-Ural yiNtaba iNarodnaya, ekhuphukela ku-1895 m.
Ensimini enkulu kangaka, kufanele kube nokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwemvelo. Lokhu kunjalo ngempela. E-Urals ungabona konke - amahlathi, ama-steppes, i-tundra kanye nezinguzunga zeqhwa.
Abathandi abakhulu bemvelo nazo zonke izinhlobo zokuzijabulisa bazoba ngaphezu kokuthakazelisa lapha. Izintaba eziningi nemigede, imifula namachibi, amahlathi namadiphozi amatshe kuyenga abantu ngobuhle babo obuyimfihlakalo nobuhle babo.
Ezindaweni ezinjalo, abantu bangazihlola futhi bazihlolele amandla nokukhuthazela. Izindawo ezimangazayo nezingaqondakali zaseUral zicebile ngezimbali ezahlukahlukene. Emangele izilwane ezahlukahlukene e-Urals.
Ngaphezu kwezilwane zasendle, kunezinqolobane eziningi lapho zihlala ngokuphepha okuphelele nokunethezeka. izilwane zibomvu izincwadi I-Ural... Ngeke ukwazi ukutshela ngazo zonke izakhamuzi zalezi zindawo ngamafuphi, kepha ungacabanga ngezibonelo zazo ezithakazelisayo.
TO izilwane zaseNingizimu Urals kufaka phakathi i-reindeer, ulwelwesi olunezinselo, izimpungushe ze-arctic, ama-void eMiddendorf nama-partridges. Izilwane zase-Northern Urals futhi kumangaza ngezinhlobo zazo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo. Phakathi kwazo ungathola amabhere, izindololwane, izinyoni, izimpungushe, izinyamazane, ama-wolverine, ama-lynx, ama-sables, ama-martens, ama-beavers, ama-otter.
I-Reindeer
Lesi silwane esingezilwane ezincelisayo ze-artiodactyl. Kulolu hlobo kuphela, abesifazane bagqoka izimpondo ngendlela efanayo neyabesilisa. Zihamba ngaphandle kwezinkinga eqhweni ngenxa yenselo yazo ebanzi.
Izinyamazane zinokuzwa okuhle kakhulu. Kepha umbono wabo ushiya ongathandeki. Emihlambini yezinyamazane, umholi ungowakhe. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, izilwane zithola ukudla ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Ngezinye izikhathi zonyaka, ama-reindeer adla amakhowe, ulwelwe, amaqanda ezinyoni namanzi olwandle. I-reindeer ayinakwenziwa njengesilwane esifuywayo. Noma kungenzeka ukwenza lokhu, kuzodingeka wenze yonke imizamo lapho umnakekela.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi silwane esithanda inkululeko singaphinda siphenduke esasendle. Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho, ingcebo ayilinganiswa ngemali, kodwa lapho kukhona izinyamazane. Lapho kuningi, umuntu uceba kakhulu.
I-reindeer esithombeni
Ulamula oluyinselo
Lesi silwane esincelisayo singesomndeni we-hamster. I-lemming inosayizi ophakathi nendawo. Umsila awudluli owezinyawo zangemuva. Kukhona inqwaba yezidladla zesilwane. Lezi zilwane zihlala ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Ukudla kwabo kufaka amaqabunga namagxolo ezihlahla. Umsebenzi wamagundane ubonakaliswa njalo. Bahlale bephapheme. Izindawo zokuhlala zalezi zilwane zinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, zinokungena nokuphuma okungaphezu kokukodwa.
Lokhu kubukeka kanjena izimbobo zabo. Esikhathini sasebusika, ama-lemmings ahlomisa izidleke ezifudumele ezimbozwe ngoboya. Ngesizini ngayinye, izilwane zinemibala yazo yoqobo. Ebusika ziyizinsikazi ezimhlophe ezimhlophe nezikhanyayo.
Ehlobo, baba bomvu noma nsundu. Umugqa omnyama ubonakala kahle ngemuva. Intamo yabo ithweswe umgexo okhanyayo ongabonakali. Ama-lemmings amancane angahlukaniswa entwasahlobo ngamathoni awo akhilimu.
Esithombeni ulamula
Impungushe yase-Arctic
Lesi silwane esimangazayo esomndeni wempungushe, Zincane futhi zinefluffy Izimpungushe zase-Arctic zikhula ngobude zisuka kumasentimitha angama-45 kuye kwangama-70. Isisindo sazo singeqi ku-8 kg. Izimpungushe zase-Arctic zinezinwele ezimhlophe ezicwebezelayo, ezivikela ngokuthembekile emakhazeni amakhulu, ngoba indawo yokuhlala yalezi zilwane isenyakatho yezwe, lapho izinga lokushisa lihlala njalo.
Ukudla kwezimpungushe zase-Arctic kufaka ukudla abazithola bekukhona. Kunezikhathi lapho kungekho khona ukudla. Ngemuva kwalokho bathola okusele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye bese bekudla ngenjabulo. Lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zihlala ezindaweni, ngokusho kwabantu, ezingakulungeli ukuphila.
Impungushe ye-arctic yezilwane
UMiddendorf vole
Lesi silwane sitholakala kaningi emathafeni ase-Northern Urals. I-vole ithanda amaxhaphozi ama-mossy. Umzimba wayo ufinyelela ku-130 mm ubude, futhi umsila wayo ungama-35 mm ubude. Ehlobo, basebenzisa izingongolo ze-sedge ukuthola ukudla.
Ngenkathi yasebusika, ingxenye yayo yezimpande iyasetshenziswa. Lesi silwane sizibekela ukudla kwaso. Izidleke ze-Vole zingabonakala ezingeni elingaphezulu nje komhlaba emahlahleni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nasebirch.
UMiddendorf vole
I-Partridge
Lezi zidalwa azesabi ndawo yabantu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, bazama ukuhlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala. Futhi ebusika, bafuna indawo yokulala emagcekeni noma eduze kwezakhiwo zabanye abantu. Amaphareji makhulu kancane kunejuba. Abesifazane cishe abahlukile kwabesilisa babo.
Ziyizidalwa ezihlala phansi. Ama-partridges angashiya izindawo zawo ezihlala njalo ngenxa yendlala noma imisebenzi yabantu. Isikhathi sabo esiningi basichitha befuna ukudla. Abaphakami phezulu. Indiza ibushelelezi futhi izolile.
Lokhu kudalwa okuhlangene. Emhlambini wamaphalishi, kukhona abantu abangafika kwabangu-30. Entwasahlobo kuphela lapho behlukana ngababili. Inani eliphakeme lama-partridges liwela ekuseni nakusihlwa. Imini nobusuku bancamela ukuhlala ngaphandle ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni zotshani obude.
Esithombeni, inyoni iyi-partridge
Bhele
Abantu bafunda ngalezi zilwane besebancane. Bangabaphikisi bezinganekwane zezingane ezithandekayo. Lesi yisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke ngasikhathi sinye akusona esidla kakhulu.
Ubumnandi obuthandwa yibhele izimpande ezinamanzi zamakhambi, iziqu ezincane zezitshalo, amajikijolo, amantongomane omsedari. Ibhere lidla izinhlanzi ngaphandle kokuzijabulisa. Akazideleli izidumbu futhi. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngesikhathi sendlala, amabhere ahlasela ama-moose.
Ngokuqondene nobudlelwano balesi silo nomuntu, uyamesaba kakhulu kunokuba nolaka kuye. Kepha ungaphumuli lapho ubona ibhere. Akunasimo lapho kufanele akhubeke noma aphazamiseke emgodini wakhe.
Ukusuka esilwaneni esizolile, esilele kancane, angaphenduka ngokushesha abe yisilwane esinolaka. Ukuziphatha kwakhe kubantu akulindelekile lapho ibhere lilambile. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, kungcono ukumdlula.
U-Elk
Lo mhlali wasehlathini uvusa inhlonipho nokwesaba ngokubukeka kwakhe okwesabekayo. Ama-Elks makhulu futhi aqinile. Zinemilenze ephakeme nomzimba omfishane uma kuqhathaniswa. Isifonyo kanye nezimpondo ezisindayo zabesilisa konke kubhekwa njengophawu lwe-taiga.
Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zalesi silwane amahlathi ophayini, izindawo ezindala ezishisiwe nokuhlanzwa. Kukuzo zindawo lapho kunenani elanele lomhlonyane. Ukudla okuthandayo kwalokhu izilwane zasendle zase-Urals zingamagatsha ezihlahla, futhi zithanda izihlahla zikaphayini kakhulu. Zivame ukuhlala osebeni lwemifula nasendaweni yamaxhaphozi. Ngenkathi yasekwindla, i-moose isuka entshonalanga iye empumalanga. Buya entwasahlobo.
Umvundla
Asikho isidingo esikhulu sokutshela wonke umuntu ukuthi ungubani. Njengebhere, impungushe nempisi, unogwaja uyisibonelo esaziwa kabuhlungu. Ikhathuni eliyintandokazi yawo wonke umuntu "Awu, ima kancane!" umethula ezinganeni zisencane.
Izindwangu ezimhlophe zihlala e-Urals. Bakhetha izindawo lapho kunenqwaba yokhula lwangaphansi kwezihlahla, ukugawula nokushisa. Izilwane ziyazihlelela ukuphumula, lapho kudingeka khona. Kungaba yisihlahla noma isihlahla esitshekile. Yingakho isilo singakwazi ukugxuma ngokuzumayo, kubonakala cishe kusuka ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakhe.
Impisi nempungushe
Impisi nempungushe izidlakela zehlathi ezaziwayo. Izimpungushe zithanda ukuhlala emahlathini amancane, ngasemifuleni, eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Lobu boya obubomvu, obudlayo buthanda ukudla izinyoni, amagundane, izinambuzane namaxoxo.
Kwesinye isikhathi izimbila ziba yizisulu zezimpungushe. Kepha akwenzeki kaningi njengoba abantu besho. Ngokuqondene nempisi, uyisidalwa esibi kakhulu. Ama-ungulates asendle aba yizisulu zawo. Impisi ithanda izinyamazane nezinyamazane.
Imvamisa ibahlasela uma bengaphilile futhi bebuthaka. Izimpisi azikaze zenqabe ama-hares, izimpungushe namagundane amancane. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, lezi zilwane zihlangana emhlambini futhi zibeka ingozi enkulu kubantu, yize kunezimo ezihlukile zokuhlaselwa kwabo ngabantu.
I-Wolverine
Lesi silwane siyisilwane esikhulu esidla ezinye. Unezidladla ezinkulu nomsila obushelelezi kahle. Izidumbu ze-moose ne-reindeer ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu ngama-wolverine. Kwesinye isikhathi zihlasela lezi zilwane.
Lokhu kwenzeka uma begula. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-wolverine ngeke ibanqobe. Izinduku, umdlalo nezimpungushe ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nazo ziyasetshenziswa. Akubalulekile ukuthi lezi zilwane zihlale endaweni ethile. Bangakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade befuna ukudla.
Esithombeni kukhona i-wolverine
I-Lynx
Leli kati elimangalisayo lasenyakatho laziwa abaningi. Kulula ukumbona ngezinhlamvu ezisezindlebeni zakhe, ukushisa eceleni nangomsila omncane. Isisindo se-lynx yabantu abadala cishe singama-25 kg. Umbala wesilwane ubomvu ngokubomvu noma ubhemile.
Ukuqapha nokuzwela kungenziwa umona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unezindlebe ezinhle kakhulu. I-lynx ingabamba umsindo noma izinyathelo zesisulu amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka kude, kepha ngeke ihlasele ngokushesha.
Ekuqaleni uzikhuza ngobuqili. Ukhetha isikhathi esimnyama sosuku sokuzingela. Ukweqa okuphezulu kwalesi silwane kulingana nokuphakama kwabantu abadala ababili. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-lynx amagundane asensimini.
Akenqabi kusuka kunogwaja, i-grouse emnyama nezilwane ezinenselo. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho lesi silwane sivela emzaneni, amakati noma izinja zingahlushwa yi-lynx.
Ungahlasela impungushe. Kepha hhayi ukuze uyidle, kodwa nje ngenxa yenyamazane. ILynx idinga amakhilogremu amabili enyama ngosuku. Leli kati elihle lasendle alibesabi abantu.
Sable
Lo mhlali we-taiga uhlukile ezilwaneni eziningi ngobugorha bawo namandla. Izimpilo emhlabeni. Ihamba ngokugxuma. Ngasikhathi sinye, amasable ahamba kahle ezihlahleni.
Bathuthukiswe kahle ukuzwa nomuzwa wokuhogela. Lokhu akunakushiwo ngombono; isable ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngakho. Lesi silwane senza ukuduma okufana nekati. Ihamba kalula eqhweni elixegayo.
Umsebenzi wesilwane uwela ekuseni nakusihlwa. Izindawo ahlala kuzo azithandayo yimisedari, ukufinyelela okuphezulu kwemifula yezintaba, amahlathi aminyene, izingqimba ezinamadwala. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho ungabona khona isable emqhele womuthi. Zikhetha ukuzingela zodwa. Ngaphezu kwakho konke abathandi ukubona ama-ermine emazweni abo.
Okubonisiwe yidlwane lesilwane
UMarten
Unomzimba omuhle ozacile, u-50-80 cm ubude. Ubude bomsila obuluhlaza besilwane bungamasentimitha angama-35-50. Banesisindo esisuka ku-0.5 kuye ku-5.7 kg. Imvamisa abesilisa baba bakhulu kunabesifazane. IMartens inombala onsundu ngoku nsundu.
Lezi yizilwane ezixakile ezingaphatha noma iyiphi indlela yokukhohlisa. Ama-martens amancane achitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emidlalweni. Abalokothi bahlasele umuntu.
Kepha, uma i-marten, ikhaya lakhe noma izingane zisengozini, ziba nolaka olukhulu. Kusetshenziswa amazinyo abukhali nezinzipho zezilwane, ezingadala ukulimala okukhulu ngazo.
IBeverver
Lesi silwane yigundane elikhulu kunawo wonke eRussia. Ingaphila emanzini nasemgodini. Ngenxa yolwelwesi lwayo oluyingqayizivele lokubhukuda, i-beaver izwa kamnandi emanzini.
Unomsila oyisicaba, ongenaboya embozwe amapuleti. Ukuze kuvikelwe imigoqo yabo ekungenelweni abanye abantu, ama-beavers akha amadamu. Akhiwe ngamagatsha nezihlahla.
Amadamu anjalo angaba ngamamitha ayi-15 ububanzi futhi avimbele ukugeleza kwamanzi aze afike kumamitha ayi-1.5. Lezi zilwane zidla emagatsheni omnyezane, i-bird cherry, i-birch ne-aspen. Ehlobo kusetshenziswa utshani.
U-Otter
Unenye yezinwele ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kwabaningi izincazelo zezilwane ku-Urals kuyaziwa ukuthi inani lama-otters lehle kakhulu. Ziyizidalwa ezinamanzi amancane, ngakho-ke imingxuma yazo ingabonakala eduze kwamanzi.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuqashwa imisele ye-beaver ne-muskrat. Baphila impilo yokuzihlalela, inqobo nje uma benokuthile abakudlayo. Uma ukudla kuntengantenga, babheka izindawo ezenelisa kakhudlwana bese bethuthela khona.
I-otter incamela ukudla kwezilwane kuphela. Uthanda izinhlanzi, amaxoxo, i-crayfish, izinambuzane, izinyoni. Izitha zemvelo kanye nabancintisana nalesi silwane cishe abekho.
Okufanekisiwe i-otter yezilwane
Izilwane ze-Urals kuyathakazelisa futhi kucebile ukuthi ungakhuluma ngaye ngomdlandla nangokungapheli. Akuwona wonke umuntu onethuba lokuvakashela leli kona elihle futhi elihle kakhulu. Izosiza izithombe zezilwane zase-Uralslapho zibukeka cishe ziyefana nempilo yangempela.
