Incazelo nezici zesikhova
Umndeni wesikhova uyinyoni yasebusuku isikhova... Inezimpaphe ezithambile, ezibukeka ziguqula ukubukeka kwayo kube yinto ehlaba umxhwele futhi enamandla, ekhula ngosayizi, yize izidalwa zinesisindo esingeqile ngaphezu kwekhilogremu futhi ziphansi ngosayizi wezihlobo zazo, ezinobude obucishe bube uhhafu wemitha.
Izici zokubukeka kwezinyoni zijwayelekile impela kwizikhova. Kodwa-ke, abanazo "izindlebe" zophaphe. Uqhwaku lwale nyoni luphakeme, luyicabale ezinhlangothini; izimpaphe ezikhululekile zinombala obomvu noma ompunga, ogcwele ukumakwa okuncane onsundu.
Ukuhamba ebumnyameni isikhova isebenzisa indawo ephelele yemvelo ye-acoustic ezuzwe njengefa ebheke phambili. Lawa ama-auricles, ahlelwe ngendlela ekhethekile, afihlwe ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zengxenye engaphambili futhi embozwe amafolda esikhumba.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi indawo yangakwesobunxele yezitho zokuzwa esikhova ihlale incane kunaleyo efanele. Le asymmetry ijwayelekile kuzo zonke izikhova, kepha esikhova sivezwa kakhulu kangangoba sibangela ukushuba kogebhezi. Iris yamehlo esidalwa sasebusuku sinsundu.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Owl nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni ezichazwe ibanzi impela, kufaka phakathi iYurophu ne-Asia, isakazekela eningizimu endaweni yaseNyakatho Afrika. Izikhova zalolu hlobo ziyatholakala futhi ezwenikazi laseMelika.
Ezinhlotsheni zezinyoni, izikhova ezinentshebe, umsila omude nezimpunga zihlala eRussia. Endaweni yaseYurophu yezwe, isakazeke kabanzi isikhova esimnyama - inyoni enobukhulu besikhova esiphakathi nendawo.
Izikhova zase-Asiatic, zase-Ural naseSiberia ikakhulu zinombala ompunga wezimpaphe. Futhi izikhova ezibomvu yizakhamizi, njengomthetho, ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga naseningizimu yezwekazi. ECaucasus, abamele lolu hlobo, abakhonjwe ososayensi njengama-subspecies akhethekile, bayakwazi ukushaya ngombala wekhofi onsundu.
Izikhova ezinwabuzelayo zichitha izimpilo zazo zihlangana ngababili ezingahlukani phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokuphila kwazo. Zikhetha indawo yokuhlala, lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama zithanda izindawo eziseduze nezimfunda noma imiphetho yehlathi, ngoba zidinga indawo yokuzingela ngempumelelo.
Esithombeni, i-owl empunga enephuphu
Impilo yezinyoni iqhubeka ngokwenqubo ejwayelekile yesikhova, ngoba isikhathi sokwenza kwabo yibo kanye ubusuku. Baqala ukulungiselela ubusuku obuthile bezilwane ezifunwayo esezishonile ilanga, benza izindiza eziphansi ngaphezulu komhlaba, lapho zichaza khona izisulu ezingaba khona ngokuhlasela okunesibindi.
Ukuhleleka kwamaphiko okulula kusiza izinyoni ukuba zisondele ngokushelela ngaphandle kokunyakaziswa komoya, okusiza kakhulu ekuhlaselweni kwazo. Isici sesici sesikhova esivamile uhlamvu lwaso oluthule.
Kodwa-ke, lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, uma unenhlanhla, ungezwa ukubizwa kwalezi zilwane ezinamaphiko okungaqondakali. Imvamisa, azishiyi izindawo zazo zokuhlala, zenza ukufuduka okuncane ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa-ke, alukho uhlaka lokuziphatha olusunguliwe lwezinyoni ezinjalo.
Esithombeni, isikhova esijwayelekile
Bangazulazula, bahlale emahlathini ayizithulu, kodwa futhi bathole isiphephelo eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala zabantu kanye nezakhiwo. Ziyizidalwa ezisheshayo nezixakile ezihlale ziphapheme. Ngisho nasemini, lapho zicasha phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla, izinyoni zihlala zilungele izingozi ezingaba khona. Uma, ngokusho kwale nyoni, kubonakala okuthile okusolisayo eduze, iyacasha, noma ibonakale, kube sengathi iyancipha, inciphe ngosayizi, inganyakazi, icishe ihlangane nesiqu, bese indiza ithule du ngokuphelele.
Isikhova esimnyama – inyoniokwaziyo ukuzimela. Uvikela izidleke zakhe ngobudlova obedlulele, angesabi ngisho namabhere. Izitha kanye nelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi okungcono zihlala kude nendawo ehlala amachwane ayo, ngoba kunengozi yokuba nezibazi ezijulile noma ukulahleka kweso.
Ngesikhathi sokulwa noKlebe, ama-badass anezimpaphe avame ukuphuma enqobile. Izikhova zizama ukunamathela emikhawulweni yendawo eyakhiwe yizo, futhi izivakashi ezingamenyiwe zixoshwa ngokuqinile yizenzo ezisebenzayo, isenzo sokusongela noma ngokumemeza okukhulu okuthukuthele. Bahlasela izimpungushe, izinja namakati, bahlasela abantu, kepha abanandaba namagwababa acasulayo, imvamisa bengasabeli lapho becasulwa khona.
Izinhlobo ze-Owl
Isikhova siwuhlobo lwezinyoni, okubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-22, ezihlukaniswe zona, zaba ama-subspecies. Isibonelo, isikhova esivamile sinezinhlobo ezingaba yishumi ezitholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba.
Ezinhlotsheni zezikhova ezihlala eRussia, okubhekwa njengezikhulu kunazo zonke isikhova esikhulu esimpunga... Inobude obungamasentimitha angama-60 futhi inamaphiko acishe abe yimitha nengxenye. Ukubukeka kwakhe kubonakala kuhlekisa ngenxa yekhanda lakhe elikhulu ngokungalingani. Futhi umzimba omncane uhlukaniswa nokuzaca okungavamile kwesikhova.
Izici zesici salokhu okuhlukahlukene yilezi: amehlo aphuzi anephethini ngendlela yemivimbo egxilile kanye nokuba khona kwemibuthano emnyama ngaphambili. Izimpaphe ezimnyama ngaphansi komlomo wenyoni ziyefana nentshebe ezacile, eyaveza igama.
Umbala wezimpaphe zesikhova esiphundu ungwevu oshunqayo, ngemuva kunsundu ngokumpunga nge-motley splashes, isisu sikhanya, izimpiko zimnyama, zimthende ngezansi. Ngokungafani nezinye izikhova, lena yinyoni yokuhwalala.
Lalela izwi lesikhova esinentshebe
Ebusuku akasebenzi kangako, futhi kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi angalali emini. Izinyoni ezinjalo zinamazipho anamandla futhi zenza imisindo yecilongo ehlaba umxhwele. Lezi zinyoni ezingandile zihlala emahlathini asezintabeni asezindaweni ezingamahlathi.
Esithombeni, isikhova esinentshebe
Izinhlobo ezitholwe ekuqaleni e-Urals yilezi isikhova esinomsila omude... Izinyoni zinkulu ngosayizi (amaphiko azo afinyelela kuma-40 cm ubude), izimpaphe ezikhanyayo ebusweni namehlo amnyama.
Izimpiko zazo zimhlophe ngokuphuzi, kepha zimnyama kancane kunethoni ejwayelekile ekhanyayo empunga yophaphe olukhulu. Isisu sivame ngokuphelele okumhlophe. Isikhova esimnyama umsila omude uvukile futhi uzingela ebusuku ngaphambi kokuvela kwemisebe yokuqala yelanga.
Lalela izwi lesikhova esinomsila omude
Ihlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe anomswakama, kepha ebusika ivame ukuhamba uhambo iyofuna izindawo ezifudumele. Izikhova ezinjalo zihlakaniphe kakhulu, zijwayele abantu kalula futhi ziyakwazi ukuthamba.
Esithombeni, isikhova esinomsila omude
Kucatshangwa uhlobo oluncane isikhova esimpunga... Ubukhulu bezinyoni ezinjalo bungamasentimitha angama-38 kuphela. Banamehlo amnyama, ikhanda elikhulu elingajika amakota amathathu esiyingi, nezimpaphe ezimpunga.
Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa bahhewula isikhathi eside, bese kuthi abesifazane baphendule ngokububula okufishane okungatheni. Izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala emahlathini e-coniferous, deciduous and mixed akhula eYurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi, izinyoni nazo zivame ukuhlala ezindaweni zamapaki nezingadi.
Lalela izwi lesikhova esimpunga
Indawo ehlala izikhova ephaphathekile ihlanganisa iGibhithe, i-Israel neSyria. Kulezi zingxenye, izinyoni zihlala ezihosheni ezinamadwala, ezihlahleni zesundu, ngisho nasehlane. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlukaniswa ngombala wazo okhanyayo, amehlo aphuzi nosayizi omncane (ngokwesilinganiso cishe ngama-30 cm).
Ukudla kwesikhova
Kukholakala kabanzi ukuthi igama elithi "owl" lihunyushwa lisuselwa ku-Old Russian ngokuthi "isidalwa esingasuthiseki." Kodwa yize inyoni ingumphangi ojwayelekile wasebusuku, ayinkulu ngokwanele ukuthi ingaba nentshisekelo yenyamazane enkulu.
Lapho ubusuku bufika ehlathini elijulile lehlathi, izinyoni, zilalele ngokuzwela noma yikuphi ukuqhuma, zihamba phakathi kwezihlahla, zifuna amagundane, ama-voles kanye ne-shrews. Imvamisa bahlasela izisulu ezingenamqondo ngobuqili, baqale ngokubabheka besemqamekweni.
Bese kuthi ngomshini owodwa wombani badlule inyamazane yabo endaweni lapho ukuzwa kwabo okuhlaba umxhwele bekuphakamisile kubo. Imvamisa ukuphonswa kwesikhova esihlaselayo kungeqi kumamitha ayisithupha ubude, yize kunamamaki anele.
Zihlala budebuduze nomhlaba wezolimo, lezi zinyoni ziletha inzuzo enkulu kubantu, zibhubhisa amagundane emasimini. Isikhova esiyozingela, silandelela phansi izindawo zokuqongelela izinyoni ezincane zasebusuku, sivame ukuzivakashela futhi ukuze sizuze.
Abazingeli abanamaphiko bavame ukubacasula kakhulu abazingeli, babashiye bengenazo izikhumba zamasabile nezinye izilwane ezincane ezithwala uboya ezibanjwe ezingibeni futhi ngenxa yalokhu, isisulu sabaphangi abanezimpaphe. Ukudla kwesikhova kufaka nezilwane ezingenamgogodla ezinhlobonhlobo, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwesikhova
Izidleke zesikhova zingatholakala emigodini yezihlahla zehlathi, eduzane nemigodi yama-moss, ukucwenga kanye nemiphetho, imvamisa ophahleni lwezindlu zokuhlala ezilahliwe. Kwenzeka ukuthi amaqanda ezinyoni ezinjalo abekwe ezidlekeni zezinye izinyoni, ngokwesibonelo, ama-goshawks, abadla iminyovu, ama-buzzards, kanjalo nezikhova ezi-tawny nezinye izinhlobo zalabo abamele umndeni wesikhova. Isikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana sincike ezimweni zezulu zendawo okuhlala kuyo lezi noma lezo zinhlobo zezikhova.
Esithombeni, isidleke sesikhova esinentshebe
I-Owl yaseBrazil ihlala emahlathini aminyene asendle eNew World enesimo sezulu esivumayo esifudumele, ngakho-ke iqala ukuzala ngo-Agasti iphele ngo-Okthoba, izihlomise ngezidleke emigodini yezihlahla. Emasontweni amahlanu emva kokuzalwa, amaphuphu asevele asishiya isidleke sabazali, futhi emva kwezinyanga ezine ahola impilo ezimele ngokuphelele.
Ukuchitha impilo emahlathini aseYurophu, izinhlobo zezinyoni ezivela ohlotsheni lwezikhova, esikhathini esabelwe imvelo yokuzalanisa, zigcwalisa izihlahlana zezithulu ngamaphimbo azo, ziqala amakhonsathi azo okukhwelana. Kuyiqiniso, imisindo abayenzayo: ukudonswa kwezinwele okwenziwe ngabanumzane kanye nokukhala okufushane kwezintombi zabo, akunakubizwa ngokuthi yi-melodic ikakhulukazi.
Lalela izwi lesikhova sowesilisa
Isikhathi sokukhulisa inzalo yesikhova esivamile siqala kusenesikhathi. Amaqanda amakhulu amhlophe, avame ukuba nezicucu ezine, achanyuselwe ngisho nangesikhathi seqhwa, futhi ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, njengomthetho, amaphuphu okuqala ashiya isidleke sabazali.
Esithombeni, isidleke sesikhova saseBrazil
Abesilisa basiza izintombi zabo esikhathini esinzima senzalo kukho konke, beletha njalo ukudla kwabakhethiweyo babo. Izidleke zesikhova esivamile ziyavela emhlabeni zigqoke izingubo ezimhlophe ezicwebezelayo, kamuva, zimbozwe yimivimbo eguqukayo esiswini. Lapho zilamba, izingane ziyahayiza zingakhulumi futhi zibhonge, zicela abazali bazo ukuthi bazondle.
Kakade ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izingane ezikhula ngokushesha ziyavuthwa ngokocansi. Kukholelwa ukuthi, yize kungakasungulwa ngokunembile, ukuthi izikhova ziphila cishe iminyaka emihlanu. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo ezaziwayo zokuphila isikhathi eside, lapho iminyaka yezinyoni yahlala cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili noma ngaphezulu.
Kepha endle, izikhova ezinjalo zivame ukufa, ziba izisulu zezingozi nezilwane eziyingozi. Eduze kwezakhiwo zabantu, ziyafa, zishaya izintambo futhi zishayisane nemishini. Izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zinyoni zithathwa njengezingajwayelekile, isibonelo esivelele salokhu yintshebe isikhova. Incwadi Ebomvu unakekela ukuvikelwa kwabo.
