Ngokombono we-zoological, izinkalankala nezinhlanzi ziyizinhlobo ezifanayo. Lezi zilwane zinezigaba zazo zencazelo kanye nobukhosi bazo. Futhi phakathi kwabo kukhona nemidondoshiya, okuyi Inkalankala yaseKamchatka, okuthi, ngaphandle kwegama, ibalwe phakathi kwezinkalankala.
Ukubukeka kwenkalankala yaseKamchatka
Ukubukeka kwenkalankala yenkosi kufana ncamashi nezinye izinkalankala, kodwa noma kunjalo isilwane esenkalankala futhi sihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngemilenze emihlanu eyancishisiwe.
Ungomunye wabamele abakhulu bezinhlobo zayo, abangabomndeni wakwaLithodidae. Usayizi umuntu omdala Inkalankala yaseKamchatka owesilisa ufinyelela ku-25 cm ububanzi be-cephalothorax no-150 cm ebangeni lemilenze, ngesisindo esingu-7.5 kg. Izinsikazi zincane, zinesisindo esingaba ngu-4.3 kg.
Umzimba we-crab uqukethe i-cephalothorax, etholakala ngaphansi kwegobolondo elijwayelekile, nesisu. Isisu, noma isisu, sigobile ngaphansi kwesifuba. I-carapace esifundeni senhliziyo nesisu ifakwe imiqolo ebukhali, okukhona kuyo okungu-6 ngenhla kwenhliziyo bese kuthi okungu-11 kube ngaphezu kwesisu.
Esithombeni inkalankala yaseKamchatka
Ngakho-ke, ivikela umzimba othambile womdlavuza, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukwesekwa kwemisipha, ngoba isilwane asinayo i-skeleton. Kunama-gill ezinhlangothini zegobolondo.
Ingaphambili le-carapace lineziqu ezikhulayo ezivikela amehlo. Lonke uchungechunge lwezinzwa lubekwe ohlangothini olungezansi lwesifo somzimba. Isisu sisekhanda lomzimba futhi inhliziyo ingemuva.
Inkalankala yaseKamchatka inamabhangqa amahlanu izitho, ezine zazo zihamba ngezinyawo, kanti isihlanu sisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza imishayo. Inkosi inenkalankala yezinzipho ngayinye inenhloso yayo - ngakwesokudla, wephula amagobolondo aqinile futhi uchoboza ama-hedgehogs, kanti ngakwesobunxele usika ukudla okuthambile.
Owesifazane angahlukaniswa yisisu esiyindilinga, esicishe sibe ngunxantathu kowesilisa. Umbala womzimba kanye nemilenze yenkalankala ubomvu ngoku nsundu ngenhla bese uphuzi ngezansi. Amabala ansomi ezinhlangothini. Abanye abantu banemibala ekhanyayo, ukubukeka Inkalankala yaseKamchatka kungalinganiselwa nge isithombe.
Indawo yokuhlala nonkala yaseKamchatka
Lesi silwane esikhulu sihlala ezilwandle eziningi. Indawo enkulu isendaweni eseMpumalanga Ekude futhi izifunda ezisenyakatho zezilwandle ziyayigeza. Le yindlela inkalankala ehlala ngayo oLwandle lwaseJapan, oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, naseLwandle iBering. Kuzaliswa eBristol Bay. Le ndawo igxile eduze naseziQhingini zaseShantar naseKuril, eSakhalin futhi ikakhulukazi eKamchatka.
Inkalankala yaseKamchatka iye yangeniswa oLwandle iBarents. Kwakuyinkqubo ende futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, eyaqala ngo-1932. Kuphela ngo-1960, okokuqala ngqa, lapho kwenzeka khona ukuthutha abantu abadala abavela eMpumalanga Ekude.
Esikhathini esisukela kowe-1961 kuya kowe-1969, ubuningi bezinkalankala bangeniswa, ikakhulukazi ngokuthuthwa komoya. Futhi ngo-1974, inkalankala yokuqala yabanjwa oLwandle iBarents. Kusukela ngo-1977, baqala ukubamba lezi zilwane ogwini lwaseNorway.
Okwamanje, inani labantu selikhule kakhulu, inkalankala isabalale ogwini lwaseNorway ngaseningizimu-ntshonalanga, kanye nasenyakatho eSvalbard. Ngo-2006, inani lenkalankala oLwandle iBarents lalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyikhulu zabantu. Inkalankala ihlala ekujuleni kwamamitha ama-5 kuye kwangama-250, enhlabathini eyisicaba noma enodaka phansi.
Indlela yokuphila yenkalankala yaseKamchatka
Inkalankala yaseKamchatka ihola indlela yokuphila ekhuthele kakhulu, ihlala ifuduka. Kepha indlela yakhe ihlala yakhiwe ngendlela efanayo. Ijubane lokuhamba lifinyelela ku-1.8 km / h. Izinkalankala zihamba ziye phambili noma eceleni. Abazi ukuthi bazingcwaba kanjani emhlabathini.
Okufanekisiwe inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yaseKamchatka
Ezikhathini ezibandayo, inkalankala ijula iye ezansi, yehle iye kumamitha angama-200-270. Ngokufika kokushisa, kukhuphukela ezingqimbeni ezifudumele zamanzi. Abesifazane nabancane bahlala emanzini angajulile, kuyilapho abesilisa behamba kancane, lapho kunokudla okwengeziwe.
Kanye ngonyaka, umuntu omdala waseKamchatka unenkalankala, echitha igobolondo lakhe elidala. Ngesikhathi ikhava endala ihlangana, igobolondo elisha, elisathambile, selivele likhula ngaphansi kwalo. Inqubo ye-molt ithatha cishe izinsuku ezintathu, lapho inkalankala ingathandi ukuzibonakalisa futhi icashe emigodini nasemifantwini yamadwala. Izinsikazi "ezinqunu" zigadwa ngabesilisa.
Ukuqothuka "ocansini olunamandla" kwenzeka ngemuva kwesikhathi, cishe ngoMeyi, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela ku-2-7 C⁰. Ngaphezu kokumbozwa kwesilwane, ulwelwesi lwangaphandle lwenhliziyo, isisu, umqala namathenda nakho kuyashintsha. Ngakho-ke, isilwane sicishe sivuselelwe ngokuphelele minyaka yonke futhi sithola isisindo esisha.
Izilwane ezincane zivame ukuncibilika - kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-12 ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izikhathi ezi-6-7 ngonyaka wesibili, bese kuba kabili kuphela. Lapho zifika eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye, izinkalankala ziba ngabantu abadala futhi zenze i-molt kanye kuphela ngonyaka, kanti abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-13 ubudala kanye kuphela njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Ukondleka kwenkalankala yaseKamchatka
Inkalankala yaseKamchatka idla abantu abahlala ezansi: ama-urchins asolwandle, izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane, izimpethu, i-starfish, izinhlanzi ezincane, iplankton, amahlumela, ama-crustaceans. Inkalankala yaseKamchatka cishe iyisilwane esidla omnivorous.
AmaJuveniles (underyearlings) adla ama-hydroids. Ngosizo lwenzipho yangakwesokudla, inkalankala ikhipha inyama ethambile emagobolondweni nakuma-shells, kuthi ngozipho lwesobunxele idle ukudla.
Izinhlobo zezentengiselwano zenkalankala
Izilwandle zaseMpumalanga Ekude zihlala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinkalankala ezitholakalayo ukuze zibanjwe. Kulezo zingxenye ungakwazi thenga inkalankala yaseKamchatka noma yini.
Inkalankala ka-Byrd iyinhlobo encane, kwesinye isikhathi iyakwazi ukukhwelana futhi inikeze ama-nzalo nge-opilio snow crab. Lezi zinhlobo zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-1 kg. futhi unosayizi we-caracaps ongaba ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Inkalankala ebomvu yeqhwa ihlala oLwandle lwaseJapan. Lesi yisilwane esincane esinesilinganiso esingu-10 kuya ku-15 cm.Ithiwa kanjalo ngombala waso obomvu klebhu.
Amanani vula Inkalankala yaseKamchatka ziyahlukahluka, ungathenga inkalankala ephelele, bukhoma noma eqandisiwe Kukhona ithuba lokuthenga ama-phalanxes we-crab yenkosi, izikhonkwane - ngegobolondo nangaphandle, inyama kanye nezitsha ezahlukahlukene ezilungiselelwe ezivela kuyo. Izindleko ezisezindaweni zokubamba ziphansi kakhulu kunokucabanga ukulethwa kwezifunda. Intengo yenkalankala ephilayo icishe ibe ama-ruble ayi-10 000.
Inyama yenkalankala yaseKamchatka kubaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umzimba ngenxa yokuba khona kwamavithamini nezinto ezincane kuwo. Kuhle ukubuka, ukuqinisa uhlelo lwezinhliziyo nokuthuthukisa impilo yonke yomzimba.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwenkalankala yenkosi
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwentwasahlobo, abesifazane baphatha amaqanda ngemibungu ezinyaweni zabo zesisu, kuthi kumaqanda abo babe nengxenye entsha yamaqanda angakavundiswa. Endleleni eya emanzini angajulile, izibungu zichanyuselwa emaqandeni angaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane nabesilisa bayahlangana, i-molt yenzeka. Owesilisa usiza insikazi ukuthi isuse igobolondo elidala, futhi lapho lokhu kwenzeka, unamathisela i-spermatophore tape ezinyaweni zakhe zokuhamba, ngemuva kwalokho angene ajule ukuze ondle.
Abesifazane bazala amaqanda noketshezi ukuze kusebenze ama-spermatophores. Isibalo samaqanda sifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-300. Amaqanda anamathele emilenzeni yesisu sowesifazane, ahamba ngayo njalo, egeza amaqanda ngamanzi amasha. Ngenkathi efudumele, amaqanda ayakhula, kepha ebusika aqandisa futhi ukukhula kukhuthazwe kuphela entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokufuduka nokufudumala kwamanzi.
Esithombeni, uzipho lwenkalankala yenkosi
Izibungu ezichanyuselwe zihluke ngokuphelele kunkalankala - ziyizidalwa ezilingana ezinesisu eside, ngaphandle kwemilenze. Cishe izinyanga ezimbili, izibungu zithwala umsinga ogudle ulwandle, ngalesi sikhathi zikwazi ukuchitha izikhathi ezine.
Ngemuva kwalokho bacwila phansi, balolonge okwesihlanu bese bethola nemilenze, igobolondo nesisu sabo kufushane kakhulu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20, isibungu siyancibilika futhi futhi lokhu kuqhubeka lonke ihlobo nasekwindla.
Izilwane zikhula ngokushesha, i-molt ngayinye iya ngokuya ifana kakhulu nabazali bayo. Eminyakeni yokuqala engu-5-7, izinkalankala zihlala endaweni eyodwa bese ziqala ukufuduka. Ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili wokuphila, inkalankala yabesifazane iyavuthwa ngokocansi, ineminyaka eyishumi, abesilisa bakulungele ukuzala. Inkalankala yaseKamchatka ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu - cishe iminyaka eyi-15-20.
