Ingwe ye-Ussuri (Amur, Far Eastern) ingumxhantela osanda kuphela wanyamalala ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Ingwe yase-Ussurian Nguyena kuphela ihlosi elihlala ezimweni ezibandayo.
Lesi silwane sikwazile ukufeza ikhono eliphakeme kakhulu ekuzingeleni, ngoba, ngokungafani namabhubesi ahlala ekuziqhenyeni nasekuzingeleni ngokuhlanganyela, Umzingeli Ussuri tiger uhlala eyisizungu esaziwayo.
Izici nokubukeka kwengwe ye-Ussuri
Isilwane se-Ussuri tiger inamandla futhi inamandla, nenani elifanele lamandla omzimba. Isisindo sayo sifinyelela kuma-300 kg. Isisindo esiphezulu esirekhodiwe singu-384 kg. Umzimba ungamamitha ayi-1.5 - 3 ubude, futhi umsila ucishe ube imitha elilodwa. Ingwe i-Amur iyisilwane esishesha kakhulu, ingagijima ngejubane elilinganiselwa ku-80 km / h ngisho nasendaweni eneqhwa.
Umzimba wesilwane uyaguquguquka, imilenze ayiphakeme kakhulu. Izindlebe zifushane futhi zincane. Kuphela lezi zinhlayiya ezinamafutha ka-5 cm ububanzi esiswini, esivikela umhlaseli emoyeni obandayo namazinga okushisa aphansi.
Kuthathwe ingwe yase-Ussuri
Ihlosi linombono wombala. Inengubo ejiyile kunamahlosi ahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele. Ijazi linombala osawolintshi, imivimbo emnyama ngemuva nasezinhlangothini, nesisu esimhlophe. Iphethini esikhumbeni ingeyesilwane ngasinye. Umbala usiza ihlosi ukuba lihlangane nezihlahla ze-taiga yasebusika.
Indawo yokuhlala yengwe i-Ussuri
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lamahlosi lihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeRussia. Le yindawo yokongiwa kwemvelo. I-Ussuri tiger iyaphila osebeni loMfula i-Amur, kanye noMfula i-Ussuri, ngenxa yokuthi yaqanjwa amagama ayo.
Ambalwa kakhulu amahlosi ahlala eManchuria (China), cishe abantu abangama-40-50, i.e. I-10% yenani eliphelele lamahlosi emhlabeni. Enye indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwalezi zinhlobo ezincane zamahlosi yiSikhote-Alin, okuwukuphela kwabantu abakhona balolu hlobo abahlala lapha.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ingwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude ihlala esimweni sezulu esibi: izinga lokushisa lomoya lisukela ku -47 degrees ebusika lize libe ngu- + 37 degrees ehlobo. Lapho ikhathele kakhulu, ihlosi lingalala phansi ngqo eqhweni.
Ukuphumula eqhweni kungadonsa kuze kufike emahoreni amaningana, kanti umhlaseli ngeke awuzwe amakhaza. Lezi zinhlobo zehlosi zijwayelene ngokungafani namakhaza nesithwathwa. Kepha ukuphumula isikhathi eside, uncamela ukuthola isiphephelo phakathi kwamatshe, phakathi konqenqema, futhi nangaphansi kwezihlahla eziwile.
Kumawundlu, owesifazane uhlela umhume, ngoba lokhu ubheka indawo engafinyeleleki kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, edwaleni elingafinyeleleki, ezihlahleni noma emhumeni. Abesilisa abadala abadingi mhume.
Zikhetha ukuphumula eceleni nje kwesisulu sazo. Ama-tigress amancane ahlukaniswe nonina eminyakeni eyi-1.5 - 2, konke kuncike ekubukekeni kwenzalo elandelayo kowesifazane. Kepha abahambeli kude nomhume womama, ngokungafani nabesilisa.
Ingwe ngayinye ihlala esizeni ngasinye, indawo yayo inqunywa inani lama-ungulates. Amahlosi enza ukujikeleza kwansuku zonke kwempahla yawo. Owesifazane nowesilisa bahlala ezindaweni ezinobukhulu obungafani.
Indawo yensimu yowesilisa isukela ku-600 kuye ku-800 sq. km, nabesifazane kusuka cishe ku-300 kuye ku-500 sq. km. Insimu encane kunazo zonke ingeyowesifazane onamazinyane. Kufika ku-30 sq. Njengomthetho, endaweni yesilisa eyodwa kuhlala abesifazane abaningana.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ihlosi lihamba ibanga elingaba amakhilomitha angama-20 ngosuku, kepha inkambo ingafinyelela ku-40 km. Amahlosi yizilwane ezithanda ukungaguquguquki. Basebenzisa imikhondo efanayo futhi bamaka njalo insimu yabo.
Amahlosi ama-Amur athanda ukuba wedwa futhi awahlali emhlambini. Emini bathanda ukulala emadwaleni, kusuka lapho banombono omuhle khona. Amahlosi aseMpumalanga Ekude ayawathanda amanzi; angakwazi ukuqamba amanga amahora amaningi noma eduze kwanoma iyiphi indawo yamanzi. Amahlosi abhukuda kakhulu futhi angabhukuda aze awele umfula.
Umsoco we-ussuri tiger
Ingwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude iyisilwane esidla ezinye, inama-canine amakhulu (cishe ama-7 cm) abamba ngawo, abulale futhi ahlukanise inyamazane. Akahlafuni, kepha usika inyama ngezinso, bese eyigwinya.
Ngenxa yamaphakethe athambile asezidladleni zayo, ihlosi lihamba cishe lithule. Amahlosi angazingela noma nini. Ukudla abakuthandayo ngukuthi: izingulube zasendle, izinyamazane ze-sika, izinyamazane ezibomvu, i-elk, i-lynx, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi badla izinhlanzi, amaxoxo, izinyoni ngenjabulo, bangadla izithelo zezitshalo ezithile. Umuntu omaphakathi kufanele adle inyama eyi-9-10 kg ngosuku. Ngokudla okwanele, isilwane ngokushesha sithola isisindo bese siqhubeka ngaphandle kokudla isonto lonke.
Umhlaseli uvame ukudonsela inyamazane emanzini, bese efihla izinsalela zokudla ngaphambi kokuyolala endaweni ephephile. Idla ilele phansi, ibambe inyamazane ngezidladla zayo. Ingwe yama-Amur ayivamile ukuhlasela abantu. Kusukela ngo-1950, amacala alinganiselwa kwayishumi kuphela aqoshwe lapho lolu hlobo lwehlosi luhlasela abantu. Noma abazingeli bejaha ingwe, ayibahlaseli.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwamahlosi asenzeki ngesikhathi esithile sonyaka, kepha kaningi senzeka ngasekupheleni kobusika. Ngokubeletha, owesifazane ukhetha indawo engaphepheki kakhulu futhi ephephile.
Imvamisa insikazi izala amawundlu amabili noma amathathu, kuyaqabukela elilodwa noma amane. Kunezimo zokuzalwa namazinyane amahlanu. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa azinakuzisiza futhi zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-1 kg.
Kodwa-ke, izidlakela zesikhathi esizayo zikhula ngokushesha. Ngamasonto amabili, baqala ukubona nokuqala ukuzwa. Ngenyanga, amawundlu asiphinda kabili isisindo sawo bese eqala ukuphuma emgodini. Sekuyizinyanga ezimbili bezama inyama.
Kepha ubisi lukamama londliwe kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Okokuqala, i-tigress ibalethela ukudla, bese iqala ukuletha isisulu. Eminyakeni emibili, amawundlu aqala ukuzingela kanye nonina, isisindo sawo ngalesi sikhathi cishe singu-100 kg.
Owesilisa akasizi ekukhuliseni izingane, yize ejwayele ukuhlala eduze kwabo. Umndeni wengwe uyahlukana lapho amawundlu efika eminyakeni engu-2,5 - 3 ubudala. Amahlosi akhula ezimpilweni zabo zonke. Amahlosi ama-Amur aphila ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka engu-15. Bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50, kepha, njengokujwayelekile, ngenxa yezimo zokuphila ezinzima, bafa kusenesikhathi.
Isithombe sikhombisa amawundlu engwe yase-Ussuri
Ukulondolozwa kwehlosi lase-Ussuri
Maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, lolu hlobo lwengwe lwaluvamile. kodwa inani lamahlosi e-Ussuri yehle kakhulu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Lokhu kungenxa yokubanjwa okungalawulwa kwamazinyane engwe nokudubula kwezilwane, okwakungalawulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaleso sikhathi. Izimo zezulu ezinzima zensimu yengwe nazo zazingabalulekanga kangako.
Ngo-1935, kwahlelwa indawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo eSikhote-Alin. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ukuzingelwa kwengwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude kwavinjelwa, futhi ngisho nakuma-zoo, amawundlu engwe abanjwa kuphela.
Akwaziwa namuhla kushiye amahlosi amangaki e-Ussuri, ngokusho kowezi-2015, inani labantu eMpumalanga Ekude lalingama-540. Kusukela ngo-2007, ongoti bathi le nhlobo yezilwane ayisekho engozini. Kepha, Ingwe i-Ussuri eNcwadini Ebomvu I-Russia isabaliwe.
