Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-herring
i-herring Ingabe igama ezivamile zezinhlobo eziningana inhlanziokungeyomndeni we-herring. Zonke zinokubaluleka kwezebhizinisi, futhi zibanjwa ngezinga elikhulu lezimboni.
Umzimba wezinhlanzi ucindezelwe kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini, futhi umbozwe ngezikali ezilinganisiwe noma ezinkulu ezincane. Emhlane o-bluish-mnyama noma onombala womnqumo, kukhona i-fin eyodwa phakathi.
Umphetho we-pelvic ukhula ngaphansi nje kwawo, kanti umphetho we-caudal une-notch ehlukile. Eduze kwesisu, umbala osiliva, eceleni komugqa ophakathi, kudlula i-keel, enezikali ezikhombe kancane. Usayizi we-herring mncane, noma mncane. Ngokwesilinganiso, ikhula ize ifinyelele kumasentimitha angama-30 kuya ku-40. Izinhlanzi kuphela ezinama-anadromous zingakhula ziye kuma-75 cm.
Amehlo amakhulu abekwe ajulile ekhanda. Amazinyo abuthakathaka noma alahlekile nhlobo. Umhlathi ongezansi ukhuliswe kangcono kancane futhi uphumela ngaphesheya komhlathi ongaphezulu. Umlomo omncane. i-herring kungenzeka izinhlanzi zasolwandle noma zomfula... Emanzini ahlanzekile, ihlala emfuleni, kaningi ingatholakala eVolga, eDoneper noma eDnieper.
Emanzini anosawoti, emihlambini ekhangayo, itholakala olwandle i-Atlantic, Pacific nase-Arctic. Uthanda isimo sezulu esipholile, ngakho-ke, emanzini abandayo futhi ashisayo asezindaweni ezishisayo, imelelwa yizinhlobo ezimbalwa.
Esithombeni, umhlambi we-herring
Bambalwa abantu abazi yini inhlanzi kubizwe I-Pereyaslavskaya herring... Into ehlekisayo ukuthi akahlangene nakancane nalo mndeni, yize ngokubukeka kufana nawo kancane.
Eqinisweni, kungukuthengisa. Ukuyibamba, ingasaphathwa eyokuyithengisa, kwakwenqatshelwa ngaphansi kobuhlungu bokufa. Kwakudliwa kuphela ezindlini zobukhosi, emicimbini eyahlukahlukene. Le nhlanzi edumile iboniswe ezingubeni zamadolobha asePereslyavl-Zalessky.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-herring
Impilo ulwandle inhlanzi herring igijima kude nolwandle. Ibhukuda isondele ebusweni bamanzi, ayivamisile ukucwila ngisho nangaphansi kwamamitha angama-300. Igcina imihlambi emikhulu, eyakha ngesikhathi sokuvela kwamaqanda. Bantu abasha, ngalesi sikhathi, zama ukuba ndawonye.
I-herring yomfula
Lokhu kwenziwa ukondliwa kokuqala kweplankton, okuhlala kugcwele amanzi olwandle, ngakho-ke akukho mncintiswano. I-jamb ihlala ingashintshi isikhathi eside futhi kuyaqabukela ihlangane nabanye.
I-herring yenhlanzi yomfula iyinhlanzi eyi-anadromous. Ukuhlala oLwandle oluMnyama neCaspian, iya ekuzaleni ezindaweni ezintsha. Endleleni ebuyayo, abantu abakhathele bafa ngobuningi, abaze bafike ekhaya.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Okuncamelayo kokudla kuyashintsha ku-herring ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuvuthwa. Ngemuva kokushiya amaqanda, ukudla kokuqala kwezilwane ezincane yi-napuli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-copepods angena kwimenyu, ekukhuleni, ukudla okudliwayo kuya ngokuya kuyahlukahluka. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, i-herring iba yi-zooplankton.
Njengoba sesikhulile, i-herring izondla ngokuthi izobamba ini ngezinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans nama-benthos. Usayizi wabo ngqo uncike kokuncamelayo kokudla. Izinhlanzi zingakhula ziye ngosayizi ophakanyisiwe kuphela ngokushintshela ekudleni kwesilwane esidlayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila se-herring
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-herring, ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi zizala unyaka wonke. Osayizi abakhulu baphonsa ekujuleni, kuthi abancane basondele ngasogwini.
Zibuthana phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa ngemihlambi emikhulu, eminingi kangangokuba, ngokusekela, izingqimba ezingezansi zezinhlanzi zimane ziphume ezingaphezulu emanzini. Ukuzalela kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye kubo bonke abantu, amanzi aba namafu nephunga elithile lisakazekela kude.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda afinyelela ku-100 000 ngasikhathi sinye, acwila phansi abese enamathela phansi, igobolondo noma amatshe amatshe. Ububanzi bawo buya ngohlobo lwe-herring. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-3, izibungu ziqala ukuvela, cishe ngo-8 mm ngosayizi. Imisinga esheshayo iqala ukubathwala emzimbeni wonke wamanzi. Njengoba zifinyelela kubude obungu-6 cm, ziyatheleka zingene emihlambini bese ziyigcina ngasogwini lolwandle.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala (ngoMeyi-Juni), i-herring yesikhashana inyuka ngomfula wemifula yamanzi angenasawoti. Ukuziphonsa kwenzeka ebusuku, ngenkathi amaqanda entanta ngokukhululeka emanzini, ngaphandle kokunamathisela ezansi. Amachweba amaHering, esethole amandla, aqala ukwehla ngomfula ezansi nomfula ukuze angene olwandle ekuqaleni kobusika.
Izinhlobo ze-Hering
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-herring, izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60, ngakho-ke sizocubungula kuphela ezithandwa kakhulu kuzo. Inhlanzi ye-herring mackerel itholakala oLwandle lwaseNyakatho neNorway, lapho ibanjwa khona phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele.
Yinhlanzi ebhukuda ngokushesha enesikhathi sokuphila esifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20. Uyisilwane esidlayo ngakho-ke ukhula abe ngosayizi ohlaba umxhwele. Lapho esefinyelele eminyakeni engu-3-4 ubudala, uya kozala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ireland. Isibiliboco esithandwa kakhulu esivela kuso yi-mackerel ku-sauce omuncu kakhilimu.
I-herring yoLwandle Olumnyama ihlala e-Azov naseLwandle Olumnyama, lokhu kuzala kuqala ngoMeyi-Juni. Idla ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezincane ezibhukuda ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zamanzi. Usayizi ojwayelekile walezi zinhlobo ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40. Ukudoba kudume kakhulu phakathi kwabadobi be-amateur. Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukhukhamba lokhu ngokukhethekile inhlanzi inhlanzi bagcina emashalofini ezitolo.
I-Pacific herring ihlala ekujuleni konke. Inkulu - ingaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-50 ubude futhi inesisindo esingu-700 g. Inyama yayo iqukethe i-iodine kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. It kumbiwe ngezinga elikhulu kwezohwebo: Russia, USA, Japan. Kaningi, kuqhubeke isithombe sehering, ungabona kahle lolu hlobo inhlanzi.
Inkemba edumile yaseBaltic intanta emanzini oLwandle iBaltic. Isincane ngosayizi, cishe ngamasentimitha angama-20. Yondla nge-plankton kuphela, ize ifinyelele ebudaleni. Lokhu kudla inhlanzi - i-herring esetshenziswa kaningi ku- usawoti ifomu.
Omunye ummeleli odumile, i-Baltic sprat, naye uhlala lapho. Lamafry amnandi abanjwa ngisho nasogwini lwaseNew Zealand naseTierra del Fuego. Ukusetshenziswa okuthandwa kakhulu kwalolu hlobo kithi ukudla okusemathinini.
Omele impikiswano enkulu inhlanzi inhlanzi - lokhu iwashi... Into ukuthi ingeyomndeni wesardard, futhi ngaphandle kuphela ibukeka njenge-herring. Kumatafula e-USSR, le nhlanzi yeza ngaphansi kophawu lokuhweba "Iwashi herring", okwadala ukudideka ngokuzayo.
Ngalezo zikhathi ezikude, ukubanjwa kwale nhlanzi kwakushibhile, ngoba izikole zayo eziningi zazibhukuda ziseduze nasogwini, kodwa-ke zaya olwandle, futhi ukubamba kwalo kwaba yinzuzo.
