Isidalwa esidumile sasemanzini, esingokomndeni we-vein vein, sijwayele abantu abaningi ngenxa yokudlanga kwaso kakhulu emabhishi anesihlabathi. Kubizwa kanjalo ngobuciko.
Lesi sibungu sijwayeleke kakhulu kubadobi abanentshisekelo abasisebenzisa njengesithiyo esihle sokudoba. Bamba benyuka ama-sandworm annelids ogwini emanzini amancane.
Lezi zidalwa zichitha iningi lempilo yazo esihlabathini. Zitholakala cishe yonke indawo, kepha lezi zimpethu ikakhulukazi zinikeza ukukhetha kwazo ogwini olunesihlabathi, kuhlanganiswe nodaka nodaka. Bangena kuwo ukuze babalekele ingozi engaba khona futhi cishe bangaze bashiye izindawo zabo zokucasha.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo umhlonyane
Ngabe libukeka kanjani itshe lesihlabathi? Lesi isibungu esikhulu impela, ubude baso bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-25, nobubanzi obungu-1 cm isithombe se-sandworm kuyabonakala ukuthi inemibala ehlukahlukene.
Ingxenye yayo yangaphakathi ibomvu ngokubomvu ngaphandle kwama-tentacles nama-setae. Ingxenye yomzimba ibomvu. Ezinhlangothini zayo, ungabona ama-bristles kanye nama-gill anezimpaphe amaningana.
Umsila wayo unombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo. Isibungu yisihlobo esikude semisundu evamile. Amahlamvu emhlabathini isihlabathi umkhondo isici kuye kuphela.
Zibukeka njengamasongo aphuma esihlabathini, asatshalaliswa ngokungalingani phakathi kwemingxuma eminingi yesihlabathi. Lokhu kudala indawo ehlukile futhi engajwayelekile. UPeskozhil ungumbhali ongakhathali.
Kunomoya-mpilo omncane enhlabathini eyisihlabathi engasogwini. Ngakho-ke, i-veneer yesihlabathi kufanele iphefumule umoya-mpilo oncibilikiswe emanzini ngosizo lwama-gill. Ngabe isihlabathi solwandlengokwesibonelo, izigaxa eziyishumi nantathu zamagill ezitholakala maphakathi nomzimba wakhe.
Ngesikhathi okwenzeka ngaso igagasi, lesi sibungu kufanele sinyakaze ngangokunokwenzeka imisipha yomzimba wonke ukuze ithole amanzi olwandle amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni yayo emincane. Imifudlana yamanzi igeza imishanguzo yesibungu, ilethe umoya-mpilo kuyo, bese ithatha isikhutha.
Le mifudlana yamanzi iletha nezinhlayiya zokudla etsheni lesanti. Igazi lalesi sibungu libomvu. Iqukethe i-hemoglobin, lapho isibungu sikwazi ukuphefumula kahle ngayo.
I-sandworm ihlala ogwini lolwandle, lapho kuye imvelo ejwayelekile nenani elanele lokudla. Lezi zibungu zingakha amakoloni amakhulu ngokuphelele, lapho kungaba khona abantu abafinyelela ku-300,000 ngemitha skwele.
Imithambo yesihlabathi ejwayelekile itholakala oLwandle Olumhlophe, iBarents kanye nolwandle Olumnyama. Izinyoni ezinjenge-ankle zilinda umzuzu lapho isibungu siqala ukuletha imfucuza phezulu bese siyibamba ngokushesha ngomlomo wayo omude.
Isakhiwo seSandstone kuzo zonke izinhlaka zayo, ifana nokwakheka kwesibungu somhlaba. Futhi ukuziphatha kwabo kuyafana kakhulu. Lowo, omunye, izibungu zichitha iningi lempilo yazo emhlabathini, zishiya imikhondo ebonakalayo yendle ebusweni bayo.
Izikelemu zingaphila izinyanga eziningana kushubhu, lapho umoya-mpilo nokudla kuthwalwa ukungena kwabantu. Uhlobo lwesihlabathi izibungu ezingangena ezindaweni ezinkulu kakhulu.
Ama-minks agobile ezindaweni ezicwebezelayo zolwandle olunesihlabathi phansi kwamatheku, ama-coves, iziziba zemifula izindawo eziyizintandokazi isigaba se-sandstone... Muva nje, izilwandle eziningi zingcoliswe udoti kawoyela namanye amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene.
Ngakho-ke, abantu umhlonyane isibungu se-polychaete shwabana kancane. Indawo yokuhlala iSandworm kumele ihlanzeke. Lo ngomunye wemithetho ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthuthuka okuhle nokuphila ngokujwayelekile kwalezi zimpethu.
Isimo kanye nendlela yokuphila yesibungu
Njengoba ihlala isemhlabathini, isihlwathi sikwazi kalula ukuzihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yokudla engena lapho futhi ngasikhathi sinye nokuvikelwa okuthembekile. Ukugoba emhlabathini, njengesibungu somhlaba, umhlwenga ugwinya isihlabathi esikhulu, esidlula emathunjini aso siphonswe ngaphandle.
Ngakho-ke, isihlabathi sintanta eduze komlomo wesibungu, bese kuthi ufele uvele phezulu emhlabathini. Izinsalela ze-algae ebolayo, ethandwa kakhulu yisibungu, ziyifaka ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Ososayensi bamangala lapho kuvela ukuthi, ehektheleni elilodwa lolwandle, izikelemu zingadlula cishe amathani ayi-16 omhlabathi emathunjini azo ngosuku. Amafinyila ahlala efihlwa yisibungu asindisa amathumbu awo ekulimaleni okungenzeka.
Ama-Pisces angabalandeli abakhulu balezi zimpethu. Baqaphile lapho ingxenye elandelayo yesihlabathi iqala ukukhishwa futhi ibambe isibungu ngomhlane. Kepha isibungu ngawo wonke amandla aso futhi ngenxa yamabhinca aso sihlala ngasodongeni lwesikhoselo saso futhi ngaleyo ndlela sihlala siphila.
Izinhlanzi zingadla umsila wesibungu kuphela. Kepha lokhu akuyona inkinga yesibungu. Isikhathi esithile siyadlula futhi ngemuva kwetshe leshlabathi kuyabuyela emuva. Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi, ama-gull, ama-echinoderms nama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene athanda ukuzitika ngesikelemu.
Lezi zibungu zidliwa ngobuningi ngezinhlanzi, ezisetshenziswa ngabadobi ngezinhloso zazo, zifa ezinkulungwaneni ngenxa yemvelo engeyinhle, kepha abantu bazo abancishiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuzala okuhle.
Ama-minks awo amise njengo-L anezindonga eziqinile. Ziqiniswa ngamafinyila akhethekile. Ukujula kweminki enjalo kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20 kuya kwangu-30. Ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba wesibungu isendaweni evundlile ye-mink, kuyilapho ingemuva ikuleyo eqondile.
Ngaphezu kokuthi lezi zibungu zisetshenziswa embonini yokudoba, bathole ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwezokwelapha. Kutholwe into enhle kakhulu ezicutshini zabo, ezinesenzo esibanzi semithi elwa namagciwane.
Ukudla kwesibungu
Izakhamizi eziningi zolwandle zinendlela efanayo yokuthola ukudla. Bazingcwaba esihlabathini bese bemba imhubhe kuso. Ngendlela yokuhlunga, konke kuhlunga ukudla ngenxa yomsebenzi wamagill, ambozwe amafinyila.
Zonke izinhlayiya ezilungele ukudla zihambisana negobolondo ngokungazibandakanyi, bese i-villi izishayela ziye emlonyeni. Esihlabathini solwandle, konke kwenzeka kancane ngokuhlukile. Uthanda ukondla ama-detritus ahlala ogwini lolwandle.
I-Detritus iyinhlayiyana eyenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo. Ukususa i-detritus bekuzoba nzima ngetshe le-sandstone uma ingafaki isihlabathi ngokudla. IDetritus igaywa kalula yimisundu, kuthi isihlabathi siphume ngesimo sendle.
Cishe njalo umba imigodi efanayo. Ngaphambi komhubhe wayo omude, kulethwa isihlabathi esigcwele izakhamzimba ezahlukahlukene, leso simuncwana esimunca ngokuphelele. Ngezikhathi ezithile, isibungu sibeka ingxenye yaso engemuva esihlabathini bese imfucuza yaso iphuma kuso.
Zifana nomuthi wokuxubha okhishwe ngaphandle kweshubhu futhi zifana kakhulu nendle yombungu. Isihlabathi esithandwa kakhulu yimithambo yesihlabathi sinodaka futhi sinodaka. Iqukethe izinto eziningi eziphilayo.
Ukuzala nokuphila isikhathi eside kwesibungu
Ukushiya umgodi wakho wesikhumba sesihlabathi kufana nokufa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ziningi izitha zakhe ezingaba khona nxazonke. Angazala kanjani? Imvelo izamile ukugcina izikelemu ezindala ziphephile.
Ukukhulelwa kwabo kwenzeka emanzini, okungena kuwo amaqanda nesidoda kusuka ekhefini emzimbeni wezikelemu zobulili obuhlukile. Izibungu ezikhula ngaphansi kwezilwandle kancane kancane ziphenduka imithambo yesihlabathi yabantu abadala.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iqanda nesidoda sezibungu kukhishwe ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakho-ke, abesilisa nabesifazane bakhiqiza amangqamuzana egciwane ngenkathi eyodwa yokuzalanisa, ethatha izinsuku eziyi-14. Lezi zibungu ziphila iminyaka engaphezudlwana kweyisithupha.
