Isilwane esiseduze kakhulu kubantu yichimpanzee. Izakhi zofuzo zeChimpanzee zifana nama-98% kubantu. Phakathi kwalawa mazinyane kunezinhlobo ezimangalisayo zama-bonobos. Abanye ososayensi bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi kunjalo impela izimfene namabhonasi "yizihlobo" eziseduze zesintu, yize lo mbono wawungasekelwa yiwo wonke umuntu.
Inkawu kaBonobo empeleni, kubukeka kufana kakhulu nomuntu. Unemilenze emide efanayo, izindlebe ezincane, ubuso obuzwakalayo obunebunzi eliphakeme. Igazi labo linganikelwa ngomuntu ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa kokuqala.
Ngenkathi igazi lechimpanzee kufanele liqale lisuse amasosha omzimba. Izitho zangasese ama-bonobos abesifazane ube cishe nendawo efanayo nowesifazane. Ngakho-ke, kulolu hlobo lwenkawu, kungenzeka ukulingisa ubuso nobuso, hhayi njengenjwayelo yazo zonke ezinye izilwane. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukukhwelana kwebhonobos yenza ngendlela efanayo nabantu.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lokhu bakwenza nsuku zonke futhi kaningana ngosuku. Ngalesi sizathu, babizwa ngezinkawu ezithanda ubulili obukhulu emhlabeni. Ngoba ama-bonobos wesilisa nabesifazane, futhi, ucansi luyinto ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni. Bangakwenza noma kuphi futhi ezimeni ezahlukahlukene. Mhlawumbe yingakho ama-bonobos amancane ungalokothi ulahlele umuntu ngonya.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ukubukeka kweBonobo kufana nokubukeka kwemfene. Zihluke kuphela ngobukhulu bomzimba nombala wesikhumba. AmaBonobos anesikhumba esimnyama, kanti izimfene zinombala opinki. Ebusweni obumnyama bamabhonasi, izindebe ezibomvu ngokugqamile zibonakala kahle. Banezinwele ezinde ezimnyama nokuhlukaniswa okulinganayo phakathi.
Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesifazane, lokhu kungabonakala ku ama-bonobos wesithombe... Isisindo sabo esifinyelela ku-44 kg. Abesifazane banesisindo esingaba ngu-33 kg. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwalesi silwane kufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-115. Ngakho-ke, igama elithi "dwarf" monkey, elijwayele ukusetshenziswa kuma-bonobos, akufanele liqondwe ngomqondo walo ongokoqobo.
Inhloko yesilwane incane ngosayizi onamabhuloho angathuthukile kahle namakhala abanzi. Amabele ama-bonobos wesifazane athuthuke kangcono kakhulu kunalawo abamele ezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu. Umzimba wonke wezilwane uhlukaniswa ngomusa oshayayo onamahlombe amancane, intamo ezacile nemilenze emide. Zimbalwa kakhulu lezi zinkawu ezisele emvelweni.
Inombolo yabo icishe ibe yizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Kuhlalwa kuwo ngamabhonasi emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zaseCentral Africa endaweni encane phakathi kwemifula iCongo neLualaba. Amahlathi emvula anomswakama osebeni loMfula iCongo ayizindawo eziyintandokazi zale nyani ye-pygmy. Eduzane nomngcele oseningizimu walolu hlu, eduze nemifula iKasai neSunkuru, lapho ihlathi lemvula liphenduka kancane kancane libe indawo enkulu kakhulu, lesi silwane siya sincipha.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ukuziphatha kwama-bonobos kuhluke ngokuyisisekelo kakhulu kunokwempimpi ejwayelekile. Abazingeli ndawonye, abalungisi izinto ngokusebenzisa ubudlova nempi yokuqala. Siwa ekuthunjweni, lesi silwane singasebenza kalula ngezinto ezahlukahlukene.
Bahlukile kuwo wonke amanye ama-bonobos akubo ngoba emndenini wabo isikhundla esikhulu asihlali ngabesilisa, kepha ngabesifazane. Ubudlelwano obunolaka phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane cishe abukho ngokuphelele, abesilisa bahlobana nentsha namazinyane abo ngaphandle kokuzenzisa. Isimo sowesilisa sivela esimeni sikanina.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi oxhumana nabo bezocansi bangaphezu kwabo bonke, izinga lokukhiqiza kabusha kubantu babo alanele ngokwanele. Ososayensi abaningi bathi ama-bonobos ayakwazi ukuzidela, uzwela, uzwela. Umusa, ukubekezela nokuzwela nakho akuhlukile kubo.
Ubulili budlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yabo. Ngakho-ke, akukho bucayi emphakathini we-bonobos. Kuyaqabukela babe nobuhlobo bomuntu oyedwa. Ososayensi basola ukuthi ubulili nobudala akunandaba kubo ekuziphatheni kwabo ngokocansi. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile izithandani - umama nendodana esikhulile. Akwamukelekile ukuthi benze uthando.
Imvamisa ungabona ukushayela okuhlukile kwezocansi phakathi kwabesilisa balezi zinhlobo zezinkawu. Ukuxhumana nomunye, ama-bonobos anezinhlelo ezikhethekile zemisindo, izazi ze-primatologists ezisazama ukuyiqonda. Ubuchopho babo buthuthuke ngokwanele ukuba bakwazi ukubona ezinye izimpawu zomsindo.
Lezi zilwane zizama ukugwema ukuhlangana nabantu. Yize kunezikhathi lapho zingavela khona emasimini ngisho nasemzaneni. Kodwa indawo enjalo nomuntu iyingozi kuma-bonobos. Abantu babazingela ukuze bathole inyama. Futhi abamele abanye abantu bakulezo zindawo basebenzisa amathambo abo ukwenza amasiko ahlukahlukene.
Abesifazane bahlala bevikela izingane zabo ngesibindi kubazingeli abangekho emthethweni, futhi bavame ukufela ezandleni zabo. Kuhlala kuzingelwa amawundlu amaBonobos. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bayazibamba bazithengise ngemali enhle emaphoyiseni.
AmaBonobos ayakuthanda ukuphinda
Kepha ngezinga elikhulu, inani lama-bonobos lehla kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi izindawo zabo zokuhlala ziyabhujiswa. Ingxenye yesithathu Ama-bonobos ase-Afrika usengozini enkulu yokubhujiswa. Ngakho-ke, emhlabeni wonke kunemibhikisho evuna ukuvikelwa kwalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo. Lezi zinkawu ziyisiqingatha sasemhlabeni, isigamu se-arboreal.
Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emhlabathini. Kepha kaningi bagibela ezihlahleni. Bangabonakala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, cishe ngamamitha angu-50. Baphuza nge "isiponji". Ukuze benze lokhu, kufanele bahlafune amaqabunga ambalwa, bawaphendule abe yisixuku esinesiponji. Ngemuva kwalokho, bacwilisa isiponji ngamanzi bese besifaka emlonyeni wabo.
Bonobo angazakhela isikhali esilula kusuka ezintweni ezisebenzisekayo. Isibonelo, ukuze athole umuhlwa futhi adle ngawo, ama-bonobos ehlisa induku ekhaya lawo, bese elikhipha kanye nezinambuzane. Ukuze ziqhekeze inadi, lezi zilwane zisiza amatshe amabili.
Zikhetha ukulala ezidlekeni ezizakha ngezandla zazo. Indawo abayithandayo yokulala ilele ngohlangothi ngamadolo agobile. Kwesinye isikhathi ziyakwazi ukulala ngomhlane, zicindezele imilenze yazo esiswini.
Umama nengane bonobos bathatha imishanguzo yokwelapha amanzi
AmaBonobos athanda kakhulu ukugeza amanzi phakathi nenkathi eshisayo. Baphinde bathole ukudla kwabo emanzini. Lezi zinkawu azikwazi ukubhukuda, ngakho-ke, ukuze zihlale emanzini, zincika endukwini futhi ngaleyo ndlela zigcine ibhalansi. Umama wama-bonobos, ngesikhathi senqubo yamanzi, unengane emhlane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Lezi zinkawu zingama-omnivores. Umkhiqizo oyinhloko wokudla kwabo, okuyi udla ama-bonobos - izithelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zithanda izitshalo ezinomhlonyane, amaqabunga nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Amaphesenti amancane okudla kwabo avela ekudleni kwezilwane. Bangadla izingwejeje, izinhlwathi ezincane, nezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu. Kwesinye isikhathi banomuntu odla abantu. Ngo-2008, kunesigameko esisodwa lapho kudliwe khona umntwana oshonile bonobo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane balezi zilwane kwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-11. Umsebenzi ovundile ungahlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30. Abesilisa bavuthwa masinyane ngaphambi kwabesifazane - eneminyaka engu-7-8 ubudala. Ukuhlangana njalo kwalezi zilwane nesimo sengqondo esihle maqondana nobudlelwano bezocansi akunikezi okuhle okulindelekile ukuzala ama-bonobos... Ngokwesilinganiso, owesifazane ubeletha ingane kanye njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
Ngenxa yokuzala okubuthakathaka kangako, ama-bonobos aya ngokuya encipha. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-225. Bese kuthi oyedwa, kwesinye isikhathi kuzalwe izingane ezimbili. Isikhathi esithile, umntwana ubambelela eboyeni obusesifubeni sikanina. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, uhamba emhlane wakhe. Ngisho nezingane ezineminyaka emine zizama ukusondelana nonina. Lezi zilwane zihlala emvelweni cishe iminyaka engama-40, ezigcinweni ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-60.
