Ruff Ingabe inhlanzi esakazekile eRussia, eyaziwa ngezinsipho zayo ezicijile. Njengezihlobo zama-perches, ama-ruffs ahlala emifuleni nasemachibini ngamanzi acwebile nangaphansi kwesihlabathi noma ngamatshe.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Uhlobo lweRuff lufaka izinhlobo ezi-4 zezinhlanzi, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi kube yiruff ejwayelekile. Le yinhlanzi encane, ubude bayo obungu-10-15 cm, kuyaqabukela kungama-20-25 cm. Ibukeka kanjani inhlanzi ebolile ezejwayelekile?
Umbala womzimba wayo ungahluka kusuka kusihlabathi kuye konsundu ngokumpunga futhi kuya ngendawo yokuhlala: izinhlanzi ezihlala emadamini ezinaphansi kwesihlabathi zinemibala ekhanyayo kunezihlobo zazo ezivela emachibini anodaka noma anamadwala nemifula. Amaphiko we-ruffal ne-caudal we-ruff anamachashazi amnyama noma ansundu, amaphiko we-pectoral makhulu futhi awanambala.
Ububanzi bemvelo be-ruff evamile busuka eYurophu buye eMfuleni iKolyma eSiberia. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, isatshalaliswa cishe yonke indawo. Izindawo zokuhlala eziyizintandokazi amachibi, amachibi noma imifula enomsinga obuthakathaka. Imvamisa ihlala ezansi eduze nogu.
Esithombeni, inhlanzi iyaruff
Ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, emigodini yemifula iDon, iDnieper, Kuban neDniester kuhlala i-ruff ekhaleni, noma i-birch, njengoba abadobi bendawo bayibiza kanjalo. Le nhlanzi inkudlwana kune-ruff ejwayelekile futhi ine-dorsal fin ehlukaniswe kabili. Ukufunda ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili uhlobo lokufutheka, kuyasiza ukubona isithombe senhlanzi evamile ye-ruff bese usiqhathanisa nesikhala.
Ungezwa ukuthi yini izinhlanzi zasolwandle, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso, ngoba bonke abameleli bohlobo lwe-ruff bangabantu abahlala emanzini angenasawoti kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ezilwandle kunezinhlanzi eziningi ezingezansi ezinemiqolo ebukhali, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-ruffs kubantu abavamile.
Lezi zinhlobo zingezeminye imindeni kanye nohlobo, ngakho-ke igama alilungile ngokwemvelo. Kumbuzo, ulwandle noma umfula oyinhlanzi, kunempendulo eyodwa kuphela: i-ruff ayihlali emanzini anosawoti. Ngubani-ke obizwa nge-sea ruff?
Kubantu abahlala emanzini anosawoti, inhlanzi ye-scorpion ifana kakhulu ne-ruff. Yinhlanzi eyenziwe ngemisebe, ameva ayo aqukethe ubuthi obuqinile. Ifinyelela uhhafu wemitha ubude futhi ihlala olwandle iPacific nolwase-Atlantic. Njengoba i-scorpionfish ingeyohlelo oluhlukile, ngokuqhubekayo sizokhuluma kuphela ngenhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti - umfula.
Incazelo nendlela yokuphila
Incazelo yenhlanzi ruff kufanele uqale ngezindawo zayo zokuhlala. Esigodini, i-ruff igcina phansi, ikhetha izindawo ezinamanzi ajulile futhi acacile. Akuvamile ukukhuphukela phezulu. Isebenza kakhulu kusihlwa, ngoba kungalesi sikhathi lapho ithola khona ukudla. Ayizithandi izindawo ezinemisinga esheshayo, ithanda amanzi angenamanzi athule anamanzi abandayo futhi azolile.
IRuff ayithobeki kakhulu, ngakho-ke futhi ihlala emifuleni yedolobha, lapho amanzi angcoliswa khona yimfucuza. Kodwa-ke, le nhlanzi ayitholakali emizimbeni yamanzi emile, njengoba izwela ngokungabi khona komoya-mpilo. Emachibini nasemachibini agelezayo, ihlala cishe yonke indawo, igcina ezansi ekujuleni.
URuff uyawathanda amanzi abandayo. Ngokushesha nje lapho sekufudumala kufika ku + 20 ehlobo, izinhlanzi ziqala ukufuna indawo ebandayo noma zibe buthakathaka. Yingakho i-ruff ivela emanzini angajulile kuphela ekwindla, lapho iqhwa liba khona, nasentwasahlobo: kwesinye isikhathi amanzi afudumele kakhulu uma engajulile.
Futhi ebusika, i-ruff inethezekile ezansi ekujuleni okukhulu. Kunenye futhi incazelo yomkhuba we-ruff wokuhlala ujule: akakwazi ukuma ukukhanya okukhanyayo futhi uthanda ubumnyama. Yingakho ama-ruffs ethanda ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamabhuloho, emachibini aseduze kwamabhange aminyene naphakathi kweziqubu.
Zithola inyamazane ngaphandle kokubona, ngoba isitho esikhethekile - ulayini ohlangothini - sibamba ukushintshashintsha okuncane emanzini bese sisiza izinhlanzi ukuthi zithole isisulu esihambayo. Ngakho-ke, i-ruff ingazingela ngempumelelo noma kumnyama bhuqe.
Ukudla
Inhlanzi isilwane esidla ezinye. Ukudla kufaka ama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu zezinambuzane, kanye namaqanda kanye nefry, ngakho-ke ukuzalanisa ama-ruffs kungalimaza abantu bezinye izinhlanzi.
Ruff kungokwalabo benthophages - okungukuthi, izilwane ezidla abantu abahlala phansi. Ukukhethwa kokudla kuya ngosayizi we-ruff. Amafry asanda kuchanyuselwa adla kakhulu ama-rotifers, kanti ama-fry amakhulu adla ama-cladocerans amancane, ama-bloodworms, ama-cyclops ne-daphnia.
Izinhlanzi ezikhulile zithanda izibungu, izingulube kanye nama-crustaceans amancane, kuyilapho ama-ruffs amakhulu edla izinhlanzi ezithosiwe nezincane. I-Ruff inamandla kakhulu, futhi ayiyeki ukondla nasebusika, lapho ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zingakunaki ukudla. Ngakho-ke, ikhula unyaka wonke.
Yize kunameva acijile emaphikweni, lezi zingane ziyingozi ezinhlanzini ezinkulu ezidla ezinye: ipiki perch, burbot kanye ne-catfish. Kepha izitha eziyinhloko zama-ruffs akuzona izinhlanzi, kepha izinyoni zamanzi: izindwandwe, ama-cormorant kanye nonogolantethe. Ngakho-ke, ama-ruffs athatha isikhundla esiphakathi emaketangeni okudla emizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Inzalo ruffs ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo: emifuleni ngaphambi kwezikhukhula, emachibini nasemachibini agelezayo - kusukela ekuqaleni kokuncibilika kweqhwa. Maphakathi neRussia, lesi sikhathi siwela ekupheleni kukaMashi - maphakathi no-Ephreli. Izinhlanzi azikhethi indawo ekhethekile futhi zingazala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yedamu.
Ukuzalela kwenzeka kusihlwa noma ebusuku, kuyilapho ama-ruffs ehlangana ezikoleni, ezingafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni zabantu. Owesifazane oyedwa ubeka amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 kuye kwayikhulu, axhumene nolwelwesi lwamafinyila.
Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kunamathele kokungahambi kahle ezansi: amatshe, i-driftwood noma ulwelwe. Amafry aphuma kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto amabili futhi ngokushesha aqale ukondla futhi akhule ngamandla. Ama-Ruffs avuthwa ngokocansi kuphela eneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala, kepha amandla okuzala awancikile ebudaleni kuphela, kodwa nasekubeni ubude bomzimba. Hlobo luni lwenhlanzi enesifo esikwaziyo ukuzala?
Kukholakala ukuthi kulokhu izinhlanzi kufanele zikhule zifike ku-10-12 cm.Kodwa noma ngosayizi, insikazi izalela amaqanda ambalwa ngesikhathi sokuzala kokuqala - "kuphela" izinkulungwane ezimbalwa. IRuff ayisebenzi kwabaneminyaka eyikhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi abesifazane abanamahloni bafinyelela eminyakeni yobudala eyi-11, abesilisa baphila kuze kufike ku-7-8.
Kodwa iningi lezinhlanzi endaweni yazo yemvelo zifa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokwemvelo, cishe ama-93% wabantu abanobuhlungu bawela ezinhlanzini ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, okungukuthi, ngisho nabambalwa abasinda ekuvuthweni ngokobulili.
Isizathu ukuthi izinhlanzi eziningi ezithosiwe nezincane zibhujiswa yizilwane ezidla ezinye noma zibulawe yizifo, ukungabikho komoya-mpilo ebusika noma ukungabi nokudla. Yingakho abesifazane bebeka imvuthu emikhulu kangako: linye kuphela kwamashumi ezinkulungwane amaqanda elizophilisa inhlanzi endala.
