Kukhona inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emndenini wokhozi. Izimpiko zayo zingamasentimitha angama-135. Ngokwezici zayo zangaphandle, icishe ifane nokhokho be-peregrine, umsila wayo kuphela omude ngokuqhathaniswa.
Lokhu kubizwa inyoni gyrfalcon. Kusukela ngekhulu le-12 leli gama litholakale ku- "Lay of Igor's Host". Njengamanje, isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni zaseYurophu zaseRussia. Okungenzeka ukuthi lifana negama lesiHungary elithi "kerecheto", "kerechen" futhi lakhunjulwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhona kwamaPramagyars endaweni yezwe lase-Ugra.
Abamele abakhulu balesi sigaba banesisindo esifanayo esikhulu. Owesifazane, futhi uvame ukuba mkhulu kunowesilisa, unesisindo esingaba yi-1.5 kg, kuthi owesilisa abe ngu-1 kg. Bukela i isithombe senyoni ye-gyrfalcon, singaphetha ngokuthi banezimpaphe ezinhle kakhulu, okungenakwenzeka ukungazinaki. Ukwahlulela ngokuthi incazelo yenyoni ye-gyrfalcon, umbala wayo ubuswa kakhulu yimibala elula, kufaka nezikhathi ezimnyama.
Isibonelo, kune-gyrfalcon ensundu ngokumpunga enezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinamaphethini amnyama esiswini sayo. Isigaba somlomo wenyoni cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana nomugqa omnyama ogelezayo. Ama-Gyrfalcons athambekele ku-polymorphism; zonke izinyoni zinomehluko obonakalayo kumbala wezimpaphe.
Kukhona ngisho nabantu abamnyama bobulili obuthakathaka. Unenyo ku-mandible, isici sawo wonke ama-falcons. Izidladla ze-gyrfalcon ziphuzi. Ubude benyoni bungamasentimitha angama-55-60. Umthethosisekelo wabo mkhulu, unamaphiko amade nomsila. Izwi labo linokugquma okubonakalayo.
Esithombeni kukhona i-gyrfalcon emnyama
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-gyrfalcon
Le nyoni ithanda izindawo ezibandayo. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi nabo babizwa kanjalo inyoni ye-gyrfalcon ye-tundra. Izindawo zezulu zase-Arctic nezingaphansi komhlaba zaseNyakatho Melika, e-Asia naseYurophu yizindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ngama-gyrfalcons. I-Altai, iTien Shan, iGreenland kanye ne-Commander Islands zicebe ngezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni ezinhle.
Ukuzilibazisa inyoni ye-gyrfalcon yokuzingela ikhetha ezifundeni eziseningizimu. Kepha kukhona nezinyoni ezihlala phansi phakathi kwazo. Bahlala ikakhulu eGreenland, eLapland naseTaimyr. Lapho, bahlala ehlathini-tundra, kanye nebhande lehlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukufuduka mpo.
Isibonelo, i-gyrfalcon yase-Asia Ephakathi yehlela esigodini sezintaba. Lezi zinyoni zisabalele eMpumalanga Ekude yeRussian Federation. Bakhetha ingxenye eseningizimu yesifunda saseMagadan kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho zeKamchatka ngokufaka izidleke, bese kuthi entwasahlobo babuyele emuva. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu babiza i-gyrfalcon ngomnikazi wehansi.
Amaphiko e-gyrfalcon cishe angama-135 cm.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila yenyoni ye-gyrfalcon
Lezi zinyoni ezinkulu ziyavilapha ngandlela-thile. Abazihluphi ngokuhlala kwabo futhi kaningi abazihluphi ngemicabango yokwakha i-ego. Imvamisa izidleke zamagwababa, izinkozi zegolide namakhozi ziba yindawo enhle kakhulu kuzo. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukuba nesidleke esingaphezu kwesisodwa, ngakho-ke wonke umuntu uyajabula futhi nezingxabano aziveli.
Isici esibalulekile lapho ukhetha indawo yokuhlala yama-gyrfalcons yimfihlo yayo nokungabikho kwanoma iyiphi indawo. Ngemuva kokudlula ingqophamlando yonyaka owodwa, izinyoni ziqala umsebenzi wazo zifuna owakwazo, bese kuthi kanye naye zibandakanyeke odabeni lokuzala.
Esithombeni, isidleke se-gyrfalcon namachwane
Izindonga ezinamadwala noma imifantu engajulile yizindawo ezifanele kakhulu zokwakha izidleke zama-gyrfalcons. Ikhaya labo alintofontofo futhi alikho kahle. Ibukeka inesizotha, inomsila ngezansi, izimpaphe noma utshani obomile.
Ngenxa yokuthi inyoni uqobo lwayo inkulu futhi izidleke zayo zinkulu. Ububanzi besidleke seGyrfalcon bucishe bube yi-1 m, futhi ukuphakama kwayo kungu-0.5 m.Kube khona amacala lapho izizukulwane eziningana zalezi zinyoni zihlala ezidlekeni ezinjalo. Lokhu kungenye ye- izinto ezithakazelisayo nge-gyrfalcon.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-gyrfalcons abelokhu ebhekwa njengabasizi abanekhono ekuzingeleni. Kwakungewona ukuhweba, kepha kufana nesiko lemfashini, njengamabhola nokwamukelwa. Ukuba ne-gyrfalcon kwakubhekwa njengemfashini futhi isimanga kwabaningi.
IGyrfalcon isetshenziswa njengomsizi wokuzingela
Ngosizo lwakhe, umnikazi uzamile ukugqama kwabanye. I-gyrfalcon emhlophe ibilokhu inikezwe izintandokazi ezikhethekile. Ukuze uthole ulimi oluvamile ngesikhathi sezingxoxo futhi ufinyelele esivumelwaneni, ama-gyrfalcons alethwa njengesipho.
Futhi phakathi nokubusa kwabaphathi baseRussia kwakukhona isikhundla esinjalo - i-falconer. Izindawo lapho lezi zinyoni zazigcinwa khona zazibizwa ngokuthi i-krechatny. Namuhla lolu hlobo lokuzingela luyavuselelwa, kepha luthatha ukubukeka kwezemidlalo. Abaningi bathi ngenxa yokuzingela okunjalo, umoya wobuqhawe uyabuya, isisusa sangempela somuntu waseRussia siyavuka.
Isithombe nencazelo yegyrfalcon yenyoni kukhombisa wonke amandla akhe namandla. Awukwazi ukuyithatha kancane. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ungumuntu wezimfanelo eziningi ezinhle okufanele zitholakale kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezihloniphayo.
Ukudla
Ukudla kukaGyrfalcon kufaka ezinye izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo. Indlela yabo yokuzingela iyefana neyezinye izinkobe. Babona inyamazane yabo bephakeme, bawele phansi ngokushesha bese babambelela kuyo ngezinzipho zabo eziqinile. Zibulala inyamazane yazo ngokushesha, ngoba lokhu ziluma ikhanda ngomlomo wazo bese ziyaphula intamo. Babamba izinyoni emoyeni ngqo. Uma emoyeni bengakwazi ukubhekana nabo, bacwila phansi bese beletha umsebenzi oqale ekugcineni.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama-gyrfalcons athanda ama-partridges, ama-waders, ama-gulls kanye nezilwane ezincane ezinamaphiko. Ama-Voles, hares, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini nazo zibhujiswa masinyane ngama-gyrfalcons ngokushesha nje lapho zivela emehlweni azo. Kunezikhathi lapho lezi zinyoni zingazibukeli phansi izidumbu. Lokhu akuvamile, kodwa kuyenzeka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila senyoni ye-gyrfalcon
AmaGyrfalcons azitholela izithandani kanye nokuphila konke. Abesifazane abazihluphi ngokwakha isidleke esikhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhethwa idwala elingenalutho, futhi phezu kwalo isidleke sesivele sibekiwe ngotshani, ubulembu nezimpaphe.
Kwesinye isikhathi, njengoba sekushiwo, ama-gyrfalcones asebenzisa izidleke zabanye abantu ukwakha izindlu. Zingaphila esidlekeni esisodwa iminyaka embalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ithola ukubukeka okuqinile futhi inyuka ngosayizi. Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, i-gyrfalcon iyakwazi ukubeletha.
Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, ziyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ayi-1 kuye kwayi-5. Azinkulu kunebhokisi likamentshisi futhi zinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-60. Abesifazane kuphela abafukamela amaqanda. Eyesilisa ngalesi sikhathi iyayinakekela yonke. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili amaphuphu ashiya isidleke sabazali, kuthi emva kwezine abe esezimele ngokuphelele.
Esithombeni, amachwane aseGyrfalcon esidlekeni
IGyrfalcon ihlala emvelweni iminyaka engaba ngu-20. Thenga inyoni yeGyrfalcon akulula kangako. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyivelakancane kakhulu futhi kuyimpahla ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuyithenga nokuyithenga kubhekwa njengobugebengu bombuso futhi kujeziswa ngaphansi kwazo zonke izinto zomthetho. Intengo yenyoni ye-merlin iqala kusuka kuma-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500.
