I-mink yaseMelika imele ukuhleleka kwe-weasel, inoboya obubalulekile, ngakho-ke itholakala zombili ezimweni zemvelo futhi igcinwa ngabantu ngezinjongo zezimboni futhi njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Incazelo ye-mink yaseMelika
Lolu hlobo lwe-mink lufana nolwaseYurophu, yize sekusungulwe ubudlelwane obukude phakathi kwabo. “Abesifazane baseMelika” kubhekiselwa kubo njengoMartens, kuthi “abaseYurophu” kubhekiselwa kubo njengezikhulumi zaseSiberia.
Ukubukeka
Isilwane esijwayelekile se-mink... Umzimba wama-minks waseMelika uqhathaniswa nezimo futhi mude: kwabesilisa cishe u-45 cm, kwabesifazane mncane kancane. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-2 kg. Imilenze imifushane. Umsila ukhula ufike kuma-cm 25. Izindlebe ziyindilinga, zincane. Amehlo akhanya ngokukhanya okubomvu ebusuku. Amazinyo abukhali kakhulu, omunye angase athi makhulu. Isifonyo sihlangene, ugebhezi luyacaba. Uboya beMonochrome bunengubo yangaphansi ejiyile, egqamile ngombala kusuka kokumhlophe kuze kucishe kube mnyama.
Ngokwemvelo, imibala ijwayelekile kusuka konsundu ejulile kuya kokumnyama. Umehluko omkhulu osuka esihlotsheni sezinhlobo zaseYurophu kubhekwa njengobukhona besiqu esimhlophe esilevini, esifinyelela odebeni olungezansi, kodwa lesi sibonakaliso singashintsha. Kwesinye isikhathi kunamabala amhlophe esifubeni, emphinjeni, esiswini. Abantu abanemibala nemibala engajwayelekile etholakala emvelweni bangakhombisa ukuthi bona noma okhokho babo babehlala emapulazini anoboya, babalekile noma badedelwa endle.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Bahola impilo yokuphila eyedwa, bahlala endaweni yabo. Umsebenzi omkhulu wenziwa ebusuku, kepha lapho kunamafu sezulu, kanye nasemakhazeni amakhulu ebusuku, bangahlala bephapheme emini.
Ama-Minks ahola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, ahlala endaweni esogwini enokhuni, osebeni lwamanzi, lapho enza khona imisele yawo, imvamisa ebasusa kuma-muskrats. Ubude bezindawo zokukhosela bucishe bube ngamamitha ama-3, banamakamelo amaningana, afaka nokuzalanisa, nendlu yangasese. Eminye iminyango itholakala ngaphansi komugqa wamanzi, kanti eyodwa iholela phezulu - injengendlela eseceleni futhi ilusizo ekungeniseni umoya.
Isithwathwa esinamandla sikhuthaza isilwane ukuthi sivale indawo yokungena ngombhede owomile, nokushisa okukhulu - ukuyikhipha bese uhlala kuyo. I-mink ingaba nezakhiwo ezinjalo ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu endaweni yayo.Iminks yaseMelika ingahlala kalula eduze nendawo yokuhlala yabantu, okungenani kunamacala okusondela kwabo endaweni yokuhlala yesikhashana yabantu. Futhi ngokuvamile zingesinye sezilwane ezinesibindi kakhulu futhi ezinelukuluku lokwazi.
Kuyathakazelisa!Empilweni ejwayelekile, babukeka bexakekile, behamba, uma behamba, bagxuma kancane, ijubane labo lifinyelela ku-20 km / h, kepha ngamabanga amafushane, futhi bangagxuma ubude bomzimba wabo noma ngaphezulu, nengxenye yemitha ukuphakama. Ubunzima bokuhambisa iminks yiqhwa elixegayo, lapho, uma liphakeme kune-15 cm, limba imigodi. Imvamisa abavumi ukugibela ezihlahleni, ngaphandle uma bebalekela ingozi kuphela. Ukuhamba ngobuciko emifantwini nasemigodini, ngokungenalutho ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu yamagatsha.
Zibhukuda kahle: ngejubane elingu-1-1.5 km / h, zingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engama-2-3. futhi ubhukude ufike ku-30 m, bese ucwila ujule ngamamitha ayi-4. Ngenxa yokuthi ulwelwesi oluphakathi kwezinzwane aluthuthukile kahle, lusebenzisa umzimba nomsila lapho lubhukuda, lukhiqize ukunyakaza okufana nokugqagqana nakho. Ebusika, ukomisa isikhumba lapho ushiya amanzi, ama-minks azigcoba isikhashana eqhweni, akhase kulo emhlane nasesiswini.
Izindawo zokuzingela imink zincane endaweni futhi zitholakala ngasosebeni lwamanzi; ehlobo, imink iya ukuzingela ebangeni elifinyelela ku-80 m ukusuka emgodini, ebusika - ngaphezulu nangaphakathi nezwe. Insimu inenethiwekhi yemizila engapheli namasayithi wokumaka iphunga. Ngezikhathi zesikhathi esinothe ngezinsizakusebenza zokudla, i-mink yaseMelika ayisebenzi, iyaneliseka ngokuzingela ezungeze ikhaya layo, futhi eminyakeni enokudla okunganele, ingazulazula, ifike ku-5 km ngosuku. Uhlala endaweni entsha izinsukwana, bese edlulela phambili. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwemvelo nangesikhathi sokukhwelana, ihamba kakhulu futhi ingahamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-30, ikakhulukazi abesilisa.
Ukuxhumana nomunye nomunye, amasiginali wokuhogela (amamaki wephunga) asetshenziswa kakhulu. Insimu imakwe ngosisi abanamakha okukhipha iphunga, kanye nokungqubuzana nengxenye yomphimbo ngemfihlo yezindlala zomphimbo. Ngenxa yokungaboni kahle, bathembele ikakhulu emqondweni wokuhogela. Zincibilika kabili ngonyaka. Azifihli ubuthongo, kepha zingalala emgodini wazo izinsuku eziningana zilandelana uma kwenzeka kubanda isikhathi eside ngamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
Zingaki iminks ezihlala
Isikhathi sokuphila ekuthunjweni kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10, ngokwemvelo iminyaka engu-4-6.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Umehluko phakathi kobulili uboniswa ngosayizi: ubude bomzimba kanye nesisindo sabesilisa cishe kungokwesithathu ngaphezu kwalokho kwabesifazane. Ukhakhayi lwabesilisa lukhulu futhi kunabesifazane ngobude be-condylobasal. Bacishe bahlukaniswe ngombala.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala engokwemvelo neyangempela yalolu hlobo lwama-mustelids yindawo yehlathi kanye nehlathi-i-tundra yaseNyakatho Melika.... Kusukela ngama-30s wekhulu lamashumi amabili. yethulwa engxenyeni yaseYurophu ye-Eurasia futhi kusukela lapho yathatha indawo enkulu, nokho, ehlukaniswe indawo. Imink yaseMelika esezingeni eliphakeme ihlale cishe kuyo yonke ingxenye yezwekazi laseYurophu, iCaucasus, iSiberia, iMpumalanga Ekude, i-Asia eseNyakatho, kubandakanya neJapan. Amakoloni ahlukene atholakala eNgilandi, eNhlonhlweni YaseScandinavia, eJalimane.
Ithanda ukuhlala emihosheni osebeni olunamahlathi eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, igcina yomibili imithombo yamanzi amaphakathi nezwe - imifula, amaxhaphozi namachibi, kanye nogu lolwandle. Ebusika, inamathela ezindaweni ezingabandi kakhulu. Incintisana ngempumelelo kakhulu nezindawo zokuhlala hhayi i-mink yaseYurophu kuphela, ngoba ingahlala ezimweni ezisenyakatho nezinzima kakhulu, kepha futhi ne-otter, idlula eyokugcina ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zasebusika kanye nokuntuleka kwezakhamuzi zasemanzini ezidliwe yibo bobabili, lapho imink ingashintsha ngokuthula amagundane omhlaba. Lapho ihlukanisa insimu ne-otter, ihlala ezinhla nomfula kune-otter. "I-American" iphatha i-desman kanzima - kwezinye izindawo lezi zamuva zigudluzwa ngokuphelele yizo.
Ukudla kwe-mink yaseMelika
Iminks yizilwane ezidla ezinye, ezondla kusuka kane kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye ngosuku, kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Bakhetha ngokudla: ukudla kufaka ama-crustaceans abawathandayo, kanye nezinambuzane, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle. Izinhlanzi, amagundane afana namagundane, izinyoni zenza ingxenye enkulu yokudla. Ngokwengeziwe, kudliwa onogwaja, izinhlobonhlobo zemvukuzane, izikelemu zomhlaba ngisho nezinyoni ezincane zasemanzini nezingwejeje.
Kuyathakazelisa!Bangadla izilwane ezifile. Futhi - ukubhubhisa izidleke zezinyoni. Ngosuku olulodwa, bayakwazi ukugwinya inani lokudla, okunesisindo esifinyelela kwengxenye yesine yabo.
Lezi zilwane ezongelayo zonga imali ebusika emigodini yazo. Uma kwenzeka kushoda ukudla okukhulu, bayakwazi ukuhlasela izinyoni ezifuywayo: izinkukhu eziyishumi nambili kanye namadada angawela kolunye uhlobo olunjalo. Kepha imvamisa, ekupheleni kwekwindla - ukuqala kobusika, iminks ikhuluphele amafutha omzimba amahle.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Lezi zinhlobo zinesithembu: zombili insikazi neduna zingakhwelana nabalingani abaningi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana... Indawo yokuhlala owesilisa ihlanganisa izindawo zezinsikazi eziningana. Iminki yaseMelika iqala ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi isebenza cishe ubusuku nemini, iyaxokozela, ihamba kakhulu ezindleleni zayo. Abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi bavame ukungqubuzana.
Isidleke sezingane “saseMelika” singahlelwa esiqwini esiwile noma empandeni yesihlahla. Igumbi lokudlela kumele lihlanganiswe notshani obomile noma amahlamvu, ubulembu. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-36-80, ngesigaba esifihlekile samaviki we-1-7. Amathole angazalwa ngozalo olufinyelela kwayishumi noma ngaphezulu. Imidlwane esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esisuka ku-7 kuye ku-14 g, ubude busuka ku-55 kuye ku-80 mm. Amathole azalwa eyimpumputhe, engenamazinyo, imisele yawo ezwayo iyavalwa. Amehlo e-norchat angavula ezinsukwini ezingama-29-38, aqala ukuzwa ezinsukwini ezingama-23-27.
Lapho kuzalwa, imidlwane ayinaboya nhlobo; kubonakala ngasekupheleni kweviki lesihlanu lempilo yabo. Kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-1.5 ubudala, abanayo i-thermoregulation, ngakho-ke umama akavamile ukushiya isidleke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngesikhathi se-hypothermia, imidlwane iyakhala, futhi lapho kushisa okungu-10-12 ° C iyathula, iwele ezigungwini ezinzima njengoba iqhubeka ngokuwa. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ziyaphila.
Lapho benenyanga eyodwa, bangenza ama-forays aphume emgodini, bazame ukuzitika ngokudla okulethwe ngumama. Lactation ihlala izinyanga 2-2.5. Lapho unezinyanga ezintathu, abantu abasha baqala ukufunda ukuzingela kunina. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokugcwele ngezinyanga ezine, abesilisa ngonyaka. Kodwa noma kunjalo, intsha izondla emazweni omama kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane kwenzeka ngonyaka, kanti kwabesilisa - ngonyaka nohhafu.
Izitha zemvelo
Azikho izilwane eziningi emvelweni ezingalimaza i-mink yaseMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inokuzivikela okungokwemvelo: izindlala zangasese, ezikhipha iphunga lokuvimbela uma kunengozi.
Kuyathakazelisa!Impungushe yase-Arctic, i-harza, i-weasel yaseSiberia, i-lynx, izinja, amabhere kanye nezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama zingaba yingozi kumink. Kwesinye isikhathi ingena emazinyweni empungushe nempisi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
I-mink yaseMelika ngumdlalo obalulekile ngenxa yoboya bayo... Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu njengento yokulinywa kwamaseli. Izinhlobo zinabantu abaningi endle, inani labantu liningi, ngakho-ke alibangeli ukukhathazeka futhi alivikelwe yi-International Red Book.
Emazweni amaningi, i-mink yaseMelika isiye yajwayeleka kangangoba ibangele ukunyamalala kwabanye, abomdabu base-Australia. Ngakho-ke, iFinland, yize kunokwanda okuphawulekayo ekukhiqizweni kwalesi silwane, ikhathazekile ngezinga elikhulu lokusabalala kwaso, esaba ukulimala kwezinye izakhamuzi zomhlaba wezilwane ezihlala kule ndawo.
Imisebenzi yabantu eholela ekushintsheni ezindaweni ezisogwini zemizimba yamanzi, ukwehla kokutholakala kokudla, kanye nokuvela kaningi kwabantu ezindaweni zokuhlala okuvamile kwe-mink, kuyiphoqa ukuthi ifuduke ifune ezinye izindawo, ezingathinta ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwabantu ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezindawo ezithile.
